不同倍性盾叶薯蓣的生理指标和薯蓣皂苷元量的比较研究

目的通过比较盾叶薯蓣Dioscoreazingiberensis人工四倍体植株和普通二倍体植株在抗性相关指标及薯蓣皂苷元量方面的差异,探索药用盾叶薯蓣倍性育种的应用前景。方法以秋水仙素诱导加倍的、经鉴定确认的3个不同株系四倍体盾叶薯蓣为材料,以二倍体原种为对照,采用分光光度法测定叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(PPO)活性以及可溶性糖的量;高锰酸钾滴定法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;采用HPLC法测定根状茎薯蓣皂苷元的量。结果四倍体植株SOD、PPO、CAT的活性以及可溶性糖的量明显高于二倍体;四倍体植株薯蓣皂苷元的量显著高于二倍体,增加幅度最大为二倍体原种的27%。结论人工四倍体植株薯蓣皂苷元量高,其生理指标也显示较强的抗性基础,可望直接利用或作为进一步培育高产、高薯蓣皂苷元量薯蓣新品种的良好育种材料。     

Tetraploidy acute promyelocytic leuemia with double t(15;17)/PML-RARA,a case report with review of literature

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with tetraploidy chromosome harboring t(15;17)(q23;a21) is extremely rare. To date, there are 14 such cases reports that describe this entity, mostly found in Eastern hemisphere. Herein we described a 51-year-old man with a diagnosis of tetraploid acute promyelocytic leukemia with double (15;17) translocations and compare the prototypically clinicopathologic, genetic and molecular findings with those reported in the literature.     

天山雪莲二倍体与四倍体总黄酮含量的测定与比较

目的测定与比较天山雪莲二倍体与四倍体组培苗总黄酮含量。为四倍体天山雪莲进一步开发利用奠定基础。方法用紫外分光光度法测定天山雪莲二倍体与四倍体总黄酮的含量。结果天山雪莲组培苗中,四倍体总黄酮含量大于二倍体总黄酮含量,且相对于二倍体总黄酮含量增加23％。结论四倍体天山雪莲在总黄酮含量上增高,具有开发利用价值。     

四倍体蒲公英活性成分比较及体外抑菌作用研究

目的通过比较四倍体蒲公英与野生蒲公英总黄酮、绿原酸的含量和体外抑菌作用,为四倍体蒲公英的应用提供理论数据.方法采用紫外分光光度法测定蒲公英中总黄酮、绿原酸的含量.用K-B纸片扩散法测量不同浓度两种蒲公英浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、副伤寒杆菌的抑制作用.结果四倍体蒲公英总黄酮、绿原酸的含量均高于野生蒲公英.两种蒲公英对以上四种细菌均有较好的抑菌作用,作用强度相似.结论四倍体蒲公英与野生蒲公英抑菌强度相当,总黄酮和绿原酸含量高于野生蒲公英.     

青蒿同源四倍体的诱导

目的诱导青蒿四倍体,筛选出最佳诱变条件。方法采用两种方法对材料进行诱变。幼苗浸泡法:秋水仙素溶液浸泡青蒿幼苗,药液浓度和浸泡时间以及处理温度呈梯度设置;萌动种子浸泡法:秋水仙素溶液浸泡青蒿萌动种子,药液浓度呈梯度设置。然后对所得幼苗根尖染色体镜检,结合植株外形和气孔保卫细胞的特征,确定其诱变率。结果幼苗浸泡法中,以15℃下,0.2%秋水仙素处理96 h为宜,诱变率30%。萌动种子浸泡法中,以25℃下3~5 mg/L秋水仙素处理120 h为宜,诱变率45%~96%。结论萌动种子浸泡法优于幼苗浸泡法。     

高超二倍体、三/四倍体染色体核型在急性髓细胞白血病中的预后意义

目的描述高超二倍体、三/四倍体染色体核型急性髓细胞白血病(HH/TT-AML)患者的生物学特征,探讨其与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2006年3月至2017年6月28例HH/TT-AML初治患者一般临床特征、治疗情况,用Kaplan-Meier方法分析预后影响因素。结果 HH/TT-AML患者核型以49条染色体为主,占39.3%(11/28),50～55条染色体次之,占32.1%(9/28)。高超二倍体核型急性髓细胞白血病(HH-AML)患者以+8(77.3%,17/22)、+21(54.5%,12/22)多见。生存分析显示,伴-5/5q-、-7/7q-、-17/der(17p)及der(3q)的HH/TT-AML患者总体生存率劣于不伴此类异常者(4.1月vs 10.1月,P0.05);三/四倍体染色体核型急性髓细胞白血病(TT-AML)患者总体生存率与HH-AML患者差异无统计学意义(8.4月vs 7.2月,P0.05);异基因造血干细胞移植患者总体生存率优于仅化疗患者(25.4月vs 4.1月,P0.01)。结论 HH/TT-AML患者存在较大异质性,不良预后相关染色体异常的识别有助于预后分层。此类患者总体生存期短,联合化疗获缓解后尽早行异基因造血干细胞移植能显著改善患者预后。     

Clinical features of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with polyploidy

Polyploidy, defined as more than two sets of homologous chromosomes, is found in a variety of malignant tumors and is thought to be related to disease pathogenesis. However, there have been no studies that have investigated polyploidy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we reviewed clinicopathological features of 16 cases of DLBCL with polypoidy, which was defined as DLBCL with either near‐tetraploid or greater number of chromosomes as detected by the G‐band method. The frequency of polyploid DLBCL was 2.9 % (16/544), including 15 near‐tetraploid and one near‐pentaploid case. CD5, CD30 and EBER positive cases were 13 % (2/16), 13 % (2/16) and 6 % (1/16), respectively. Bcl2 positive cases were 75 % (12/16). The numbers of huge and multinucleated cells were higher in polyploid than in non‐polyploid DLBCL (P = 0.0029 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Clinical features of polyploid DLBCL included reduced infiltration of extranodal sites (2/15, 13 %) and major lymph node infiltration. Of seven cases that received chemotherapy, six responded to treatment and survived. Our results suggest that polyploid DLBCL represents a clinicopathologically characteristic group of DLBCL. This knowledge can be useful for informing more personalized and targeted management of DLBCL patients.     

The potential of cell fusion for human therapy

As donor organs and tissues for transplantation medicine are scarce, alternative methods for replacing damaged cells or restoring organ function are highly needed. Here, we consider the therapeutic potential of cell fusion. After highlighting the various contexts in which cells are known to fuse during mammalian development, we discuss the implications of the observation that cell fusion can occur with restorative effects following tissue damage or cell transplantation. There are still, however, many challenges facing those who wish to implement cell fusion as a therapeutic tool. These include identifying the best cells to use for reparative fusion, determining the best route of introducing these cells into the desired tissue, discovering methods to increase the incidence of cell fusion, and ensuring the functionality of the resulting fusion products. If these difficulties can be overcome, cell fusion might have therapeutic potential as highlighted by several recent transplantation studies.     

四倍体菘蓝基因组DNA甲基化的甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析

目的 分析四倍体菘蓝Isatis indigotica基因组DNA甲基化水平和模式。方法 采用甲基化敏感扩增多态性（methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP）方法,对四倍体菘蓝基因组DNA的甲基化水平和模式进行分析。结果 筛选36对MSAP选择性引物进行扩增,共得到1 733条清晰的条带。二倍体菘蓝基因组胞嘧啶甲基化水平为24.05%,四倍体菘蓝基因组胞嘧啶甲基化水平为23.70%。检测到83个（4.86%）CCGG位点在四倍体菘蓝基因组中发生了DNA甲基化模式的改变,其中37个（2.13%）位点发生了超甲基化,36个（2.08%）位点发生了去甲基化。结论 二倍体和四倍体菘蓝在CCGG位点上存在胞嘧啶甲基化状态的改变。     

Chromosome remodeling and differentiation of tetraploid embryos during preimplantation development

Although it is known that the tetraploid embryo contributes only to the placenta, the question of why tetraploid embryos differentiate into placenta remains unclear. To study the effect of electrofusion on the development of mouse tetraploid oocytes, mouse two‐cell embryos were fused and cultured in vitro in Chatot‐Ziomek‐Bavister medium. After electrofusion, two chromosome sets from the tetraploid blastomere were individually duplicated before nuclear fusion. At 8–10 hr after electrofusion, each chromosome set was condensing and the nuclear membrane was breaking down. Around 12–14 hr after electrofusion, the two chromosome sets had combined together and had reached the second mitotic metaphase, at this point with 8n sets of chromosomes. Interestingly, we discovered that expression of OCT4, an inner cell mass cells biomarker, is lost by the tetraploid expanded blastocysts, but that CDX2, a trophectoderm cells biomarker, is strongly expressed at this stage. This observation provides evidence clarifying why tetraploid embryos contribute only to trophectoderm. Developmental Dynamics 240:1660–1669, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.