增产菊胺酯对雄性小鼠生殖激素的影响

为了探讨增产菊胺酯引起小鼠精了生成障碍的可能机理，本文研究了增产菊胺酯对雄性小鼠卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）及睾酮（Ｔ）的影响。小鼠经口染毒，隔天一次，连续１０次，第３５天处死。检验因清ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ没有明显变化，而睾丸组织睾酮含量出现剂理依赖性降低，高剂量组与对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），结果表明，增产菊胺酯不影响ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ，而影响Ｔ的合成和分泌。这可能是增产菊胺酯对小鼠精     

The value of quantitative DNA flow cytometry of testicular fine-needle aspirates in assessment of spermatogenesis: a study of 137 previously maldescended human testes

In order to assess the suitability of DNA flow cytometry of fine-needle aspirates for quantiftring spermatogenesis, the results from DNA flow cytometry were compared to histological evaluation of testicular biopsies taken concomitantly from 171 previously maldescended testes. In 137 of 171 cases, sufficient material for flow cytometric as well as histological evaluation was obtained.
Histological analysis of surgical biopsy specimens revealed spermatogenesis including the spermatid stage in 117 of the 137 gonads. In six of the 117 gonads no haploid cells were found using flow cytometry. On the other hand, surgical biopsies failed to reveal spermatogenesis in five cases in which the corresponding aspirates contained haploid cells. Both methods therefore seem equally sensitive in detection of spermatogenesis.
Other types of histological patterns also corresponded to distinct DNA histograms.
Thus, in 11 of 12 cases with Sertoli-cell-only pattern in all tubules, at least 95% of the cells had a diploid DNA content. Furthermore, predominance of tubules with maturation arrest at the primary spermatocyte level corresponded to an increased proportion of tetraploid cells.
When compared to surgical biopsy, DNA flow cytometry of testiclar fine-needle aspirates is a more objective, easy and rapid method, which is more convenient for the patient. This study has indicatedthat DNA flow cytometry is a suitable method of quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis. One of the first target groups might be men with azoospermia. In such men, DNA flow cytometric analysis of fine-needle aspirates and surgical biopsy are apparently of equal sensitivity in detecting gonads with spermatogenesis. We conclude that DNA flow cytometry may become an alternative method for the quantification of spermatogenesis.     

三硝基甲苯急性中毒对小鼠睾丸超微结构的影响

三硝基甲苯急性中毒后,小鼠睾丸的各级生精细胞,支持细胞及睾丸间质细胞的超微结构均有不同程度的改变,精子细胞的损伤较重,精原细胞的损伤较轻.生精细胞的损伤较支持细胞及睾丸间质细胞为重.     

Morphology and immunohistochemistry of carcinoma in situ adjacent to testicular germ cell tumours in adults and children: implications for histogenesis

Observations differ on the pre-invasive malignant lesions associated with the various categories of testicular germ cell tumours. Such lesions have been found to be similar in appearance and are assumed to be composed of multipotent cells, or conversely a distinctive pre-invasive stage has been reported in association with each form of germ cell neoplasm. This study was undertaken to see whether distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features of carcinoma in situ adjacent to various categories of germ cell tumours could be established. Carcinoma in situ adjacent to seminomas, teratomas and mixed germ cell tumours in 18 adults was indistinguishable morphologically. Placental alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated immunohistochemically but vimentin and low molecular weight cytokeratins were uniformly absent in these abnormal germ cells from all three groups. These findings support the concept of a multipotent pre-invasive malignant cell for both seminoma and teratoma in the adult. Carcinoma in situ was not seen adjacent to 15 spermatocytic seminomas, nor was placental alkaline phosphatase demonstrated in tubules adjacent to these tumours. These negative findings are additional evidence that spermatocytic seminoma differs from classical seminoma in its histogenesis. Carcinoma in situ, as defined morphologically and immunohistochemically in adults, was not identified adjacent to yolk sac tumours and differentiated teratomas in 20 prepubertal testes. The possibility that pre-invasive malignancy in children may not resemble that in adults must be considered when assessing the malignant potential of cryptorchid testes on biopsies taken during orchidopexy.     

The correlation of ureaplasma urealyticum infection with infertility

Summary. A prevalence study of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection of the male genital tract was carried out in Shanghai between March 1992 and June 1995. Significantly higher frequency of UU infection was found among infertile males (549/1416) as compared to fertile controls (34/375). Examination of 8 specimens each from infertile men and fertile subjects by electron microscopy, immunogold and immunofluorescence techniques, demonstrated adhesion of Ureaplasma urealyticum to the membrane of spermatozoa and exfoliated germ cells. In addition, gold particles on Ureaplasma urealyticum were found to be adhered to the sperm surface in 4 of the 8 samples. Strong specific anti-UU fluorescence was detected in 6 of 8 samples, mainly on the midpieces and post-acrosomal regions of the spermatozoa.
To further study the effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum on fertility, 47 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were infected artificially with Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 8 (T960). Morphological changes in the seminiferous tubules were observed 3–5 weeks after inoculation in the sacrificed animals. Dramatic impairment of spermatogenesis of both testes was found in 11 rats. Mating experiment confirmed infertility in 12 of 40 rats. Offsprings of the infected rats were significantly smaller than those of controls in terms of prenatal weights and birthweights.     

The Changes in the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis of Streptozotocin-Treated Male Rats Depend from Age at Diabetes Onset

The influence of age at diabetes onset and of capillary microangiopathy on the severity and evolution of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal changes was studied morphologically and morphometrically in male rats 4 and 8 months after streptozotocin injection. At each time period we studied 2 groups of rats, one made diabetic before (age 1 month), the other after puberty (age 3 months), and compared them with corresponding controls. The size of hypothalamic axons, numerical density and size of pituitary gonadotrophs, size of testicular tubules, and basement membrane thickness of retinal capillaries were measured. Major differences were found at 8 months. Changes of pituitary glands (i.e. small and numerous gonadotrophs) and testes (i.e. small tubular size) were more important in pre- than in postpubertal diabetic rats. This was a consequence of the aggravating prepubertal diabetes between 4 and 8 months. On the contrary, these changes partially regressed in postpubertal diabetic animals. Pituitary and testicular changes were correlated. Other lesions, such as swollen axonal processes in the hypothalamus, increased thickness of seminiferous epithelium and of capillary basement membranes, though very evident in diabetics, were independent from age at induction. Neither microangiopathy nor glycemia were correlated with any other change which confirmed their secondary role in diabetic neuroendocrine disorders. Thus, two types of diabetic disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis could be distinguished: 1) those with irreversible effects on immature yet partially reversible effects on mature structures; and 2) those independent from age at induction.     

Human testicular protein TPX1/CRISP-2: localization in spermatozoa, fate after capacitation and relevance for gamete interaction

Testicular protein Tpx-1, also known as CRISP-2, is a cysteine-rich secretory protein specifically expressed in the male reproductive tract. Since the information available on the human protein is limited to the identification and expression of its gene, in this work we have studied the presence and localization of human Tpx-1 (TPX1) in sperm, its fate after capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR), and its possible involvement in gamete interaction. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed the absence of significant staining in live or fixed non-permeabilized sperm, in contrast to a clear labelling in the acrosomal region of permeabilized sperm. These results, together with complementary evidence from protein extraction procedures strongly support that TPX1 would be mainly an intra-acrosomal protein in fresh sperm. After in vitro capacitation and ionophore-induced AR, TPX1 remained associated with the equatorial segment of the acrosome. The lack of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of TPX1 before and after capacitation and AR indicates that the protein would not undergo proteolytical modifications during these processes. The possible involvement of TPX1 in gamete interaction was evaluated by the hamster oocyte penetration test. The presence of anti-TPX1 during gamete co-incubation produced a significant and dose-dependent inhibition in the percentage of penetrated zona-free hamster oocytes without affecting sperm motility, the AR or sperm binding to the oolema. Together, these results indicate that human TPX1 would be a component of the sperm acrosome that remains associated with sperm after capacitation and AR, and is relevant for sperm-oocyte interaction.     

Selective and early increase of IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 and cortisol after elective surgery.

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was produced in C3H/He mice with as high as 100% incidence by two or three s.c. injections of 1 x 10(7) viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (TC) without resorting to adjuvants, Bordetella pertussis vaccine, or other immunological manipulations. On day 40 after the first injection of TC, the lesions induced were characterized by interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe hypospermatogenesis in the testis with resulting whole organ atrophy and, in contrast, by a complete lack of epididymitis. Immunological studies revealed that this form of immunization caused both delayed-type hypersensitivity and humoral antibody responses to syngeneic TC. We compared the susceptibilities to the induction of this type of EAO among six different strains of inbred mice comprising A/J, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. All strains except for DBA/2 mice developed lesions of EAO to a greater or lesser extent, and severe disease was induced with high frequency in two strains, C3H/He and A/J. As this murine model of EAO can be induced without the use of Freund's complete adjuvant and B. pertussis vaccine, it is simply 'autoimmune' in nature and may provide new ways for further investigation into the immunological mechanisms which regulate deleterious autoimmune reactions to germ cell antigens leading to the male infertility.     

Melanocytes in the Testes of Eupemphix nattereri (Anura,Leiuperidae): Histological,Stereological, and Ultrastructural Aspects

Ectothermic vertebrates have a well‐developed system of melanin‐containing cells, which localize in several organs and tissues and compose an extracutaneous pigmentary system. This research aimed at characterizing histological and ultrastructural patterns of pigmented cells in the testes of the anura Eupemphix nattereri (Steindachner, 1963), including the stereological and quantitative evaluation of this cell type in the gonads. Ten adult males were collected in Nova Itapirema, São Paulo, Brazil, and submitted to morphological studies with light and transmission electron microscopy. The testis presents a great number of large cells with many brown granules and long cytoplasmic processes. The pigmented cells found in the testis are structurally similar to melanocytes, characterized by large amounts of melanosomes. The cells may be in intimate contact with the same cell type, with myoid cells surrounded by a large amount of collagen fibers, Leydig cells, and next to fibroblasts. The distribution and amount of extracutaneous melanocytes is variable when other organs and membranes are analyzed, allowing the establishment of species‐specific patterns for the extracutaneous pigmentary system. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Polyorchidism in ultrasound examination: A case report

Polyorchidism is usually diagnosed incidentally when the patient undergoes imaging or surgery for some other reason. Although we are facing lack of evidence in different steps of diagnostic and therapeutic workup of these patients, this disorder is usually considered benign, not requiring any intervention. We report the case of a man complaining of a palpable mass in his scrotum. We evaluated the patient using ultrasound, MRI and serum tumour marker level measurement. The patient was finally diagnosed with polyorchidism (three testes). For the management, we recommended annual physical examination, US examination and serum tumour marker level measurement.