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瘦素受体在条件性厌味大鼠脑的表达 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 :观察瘦素受体 (LR)在条件性厌味 (CTA)大鼠脑的表达 .方法 :采用高度特异的抗瘦素受体血清 ,用免疫组化ABC法观察LR在CTA和对照大鼠脑的分布与表达 .结果 :与对照组大鼠相比 ,CTA大鼠皮层Ⅲ层、视交叉上核、弓状核、杏仁基底外侧核、海马CA3、下丘脑外侧区等核团瘦素受体表达增加 (14 6vs 12 0 ,138vs 92 ,118vs 78,10 7vs70 ,85vs 38cells·mm-2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而下丘脑前区、脑桥臂旁核、杏仁中央核瘦素受体表达减弱 (13vs2 6 ,70vs5 5 ,12 2vs 16 2cells·mm-2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,孤束核瘦素受体的表达与对照大鼠无显著性差异 (5 0vs 5 7cells·mm-2 ,P >0 .0 5 ) .结论 :瘦素可能通过杏仁核、臂旁核、海马、皮层的瘦素受体参与CTA的形成与维持 相似文献
4.
中风毒邪论是一种与传统中医中风病理有所不同的理论 ,在中风毒邪论指导下形成解毒通络方是较为理想的神经保护剂 ,可解决目前神经保护治疗的主要障碍 ,有望成为提高中医治疗中风急性期疗效的关键 相似文献
5.
William A. Corrigall Mary Ann Linseman RoseMarie D'Onofrio Hau Lei 《Psychopharmacology》1986,89(3):327-333
A previously reported paradigm in which rats run down a runway for food reward followed by morphine injection was analyzed to assess the utility of the paradigm in studies of opiate reinforcement. One experiment replicated the original report that post-trial morphine caused both an increase in runway speed and a decrease in food consumption (taste aversion) over successive trials, and showed in addition that the increase in runway speed did not occur as a result of food deprivation alone, but required the animals to have consumed food in the goal box. A second study using the quaternary opiate antagonist methyl naltrexone to block the peripheral effects of morphine suggested that the increase in runway speed has a peripheral locus while the taste aversion has a central one. A third experiment in which morphine was microinjected into either the lateral ventricle or the ventral tegmental area supported these observations, in that intracranial morphine failed to result in an increased runway speed, but did produce taste aversion after microinjection into either site. These findings also suggest that the increase in runway speed caused by post-trial morphine in this experiment has a peripheral locus of effect, which is probably distinct from the central effect that supports morphine self-administration and conditioned place preference.
Offprint requests to: W.A.CorrigallThe views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Addiction Research Foundation 相似文献
6.
Oral self-administration and operant tasks have been used successfully to confirm ethanol′s positive reinforcing effects
in rats. However, in flavor conditioning tasks, ethanol is typically found to have aversive effects. The present studies explored
this apparent paradox by examining the change in value of a flavor paired with orally self-administered ethanol in two different
limited-access procedures. Rats were food-deprived and trained to drink (experiment 1) or to barpress for (experiment 2) 10%
(v/v) ethanol during daily 30-min sessions using prandial initiation techniques. All rats were then exposed to a differential
flavor conditioning procedure in which banana or almond extract was added to the drinking solution. One flavor (counterbalanced)
was always mixed with ethanol (CS+), whereas the other flavor was mixed with water (CS–). By the end of conditioning, rats
in both experiments drank more flavored ethanol than flavored water, confirming ethanol’s efficacy as a reinforcer. Moreover,
barpress rates for CS+ exceeded those for CS– in the operant task. Ethanol doses self-administered in final sessions averaged
about 1 g/kg. The effect of the flavor-ethanol contingency was assessed in preference tests that offered a choice between
the two flavor solutions without ethanol. In both experiments, subjects developed a preference for the flavor that had been
paired with ethanol. Thus, the outcome of flavor conditioning was consistent with that of the oral self-administration tasks
in providing evidence of ethanol’s rewarding effects. These experiments confirm and extend previous studies showing that flavor
aversion is not the inevitable result of flavor-ethanol association in rats. It seems likely that ethanol’s nutrient and pharmacological
effects both contributed to the development of conditioned flavor preference.
Received: 15 February 1997 / Final version: 11 June 1997 相似文献
7.
Michael S. Exton Diane F. Bull Maurice G. King Alan J. Husband 《Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior》1995,50(4):675-679
The cascade of physiologic mechanisms in response to infection, the acute-phase response, is recognized as playing a major role in host defence. One such response is the hypoferremia that is consistently reported to occur during bacterial infection. This study aimed to determine whether the alterations in plasma iron were conditionable using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. The regime involved the pairing of a novel-tasting saccharin solution with bacterial endotoxin. Seven days after the initial pairing of these stimuli (the test day), the saccharin solution was represented. Animals exposed to this condition displayed a significant reduction in the level of plasma iron. Animals treated with an intraperitoneal dose of 400 μg/Kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displayed lower conditioned iron levels than rats infused with 100 μg/Kg LPS; however, this difference was not significant. These results showed that in addition to other acute-phase responses (fever and anorexia), plasma iron alterations are able to be manipulated through behavioral manipulations. 相似文献
8.
The primary general visceral nucleus in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is located at the ventroposterior boundary of the vagal gustatory lobe and receives coelomic visceral, but not gustatory inputs. The neuronal tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was employed to visualize sources of input to and ascending projections from the primary general visceral nucleus in these species. In addition, immunocytochemical techniques were utilized to define the cytological divisions within the pontine gustatory-visceral complex. The pontine secondary visceral nuclei in both catfish and goldfish contains numerous somata and fibers immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In contrast, the secondary gustatory nuclei are devoid of fibers and cells immunoreactive for CGRP. In both the goldfish and the channel catfish, the primary general visceral nucleus receives input from the vagal gustatory lobe, as well as the medullary reticular formation. In the channel catfish, the primary general visceral nucleus projects bilaterally to the secondary visceral nucleus, which lies rostrolateral to the secondary gustatory nucleus in the dorsal pons. Fibers cross the midline via the rostral part of the isthmic commissure. Injection of HRP into the primary general visceral nucleus of a goldfish labels ascending fibers that project to a secondary visceral nucleus situated ventral, lateral, and rostral to the secondary gustatory complex. In general, the results indicate that general visceral systems ascend in parallel to gustatory systems within the brainstem, and that general visceral but not gustatory nuclei are immunoreactive for the peptide CGRP. 相似文献
9.
The role of glutamate in conditioned taste aversion was investigated. Both, in the amygdala (AMYG) and in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) extracellular levels of glutamate were assessed by microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. Rats were conditioned by pairing a novel flavor (strawberry flavor) with an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride. When the conditioned stimulus (strawberry flavored solution) was injected into the mouth of conditioned rats, there was an increase of glutamate release in the AMYG, and a decrease in glutamate release in the LH. These results predicted that glutamate release in the AMYG and the LH was involved in CTA. This possibility was tested by MK-801 (glutamate antagonist) and glutamate microinjections. MK-801 injections in AMYG attenuated the rejection of the novel flavor, and in the LH did not cause any effect on CTA. Glutamate microinjections in the AMYG caused CTA. These results suggest that glutamatergic activity in the AMYG might be a relevant neurochemical correlate and cause of conditioned taste aversion. 相似文献
10.
目的 基于鼻咽癌放化疗患者自我报告症状进行分析,探讨症状困扰与味嗅觉改变(taste and smell alterations, TSAs)的相关性,为症状评估和管理策略的制定提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查,于2021年6—12月,采用一般资料调查表、味嗅觉调查表(the Taste and Smell Survey, TSS)、安德森症状量表-头颈部模块(M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck, MDASI-HN)对142例鼻咽癌放化疗患者进行问卷调查。结果 TSS总分为10.00(6.00,13.00),味觉维度7.00(5.00,9.00),嗅觉维度3.00(0.00,5.00)。MDASI-HN量表核心症状困扰个数为11.00(7.75,13.00),头颈症状困扰个数为7.00(4.00,9.00),生活干扰个数为5.00(2.00,6.00),其中核心症状困扰、头颈症状困扰与TSAs程度分级呈正相关(P<0.05)。MDASI-HN量表条目睡眠不安、发音/讲话困难、食物或饮水呛咳、工作(包含家务劳动)与TSAs程度分级... 相似文献