山芋干酒精废糟粗滤液全回流新工艺的研究

本文介绍了对山芋干酒精废糟进行粗滤,所得滤液全部回用于酒精生产的实验室研究结果。其方案之一是将粗滤液先培养丝状茵,再将二次过滤液回用;方案二是将粗滤液直接回流。经过十三到十五次的全回流表明,粗滤液全回流是可行的。另外,每100ml酒糟粗滤时可得到含干物质15%左右的湿滤渣约33g,其粗蛋白含量为17.5%(干基)。将粗滤液摇瓶培养根霉26号茵株10小时可得粗干茵体1.5—2.0g/100ml,其粗蛋白含量25%左右。     

豆番粉与玉米粉对人体血糖胰岛素胰升血糖素的影响

目的探讨豆番粉和玉米粉对人体餐后血糖、胰岛素、胰升血糖素的影响。方法选择Ⅱ型糖尿病人、肥胖人、健康人，ｄ１均进食面粉，ｄ２随机进食豆番粉或玉米粉，测量２ｄ的空腹血糖及餐后３０、６０、１２０、１８０ｍｉｎ各５个时点的血糖、胰岛素、胰升血糖素值。结果糖尿病人进食豆番粉后６０、１２０、１８０ｍｉｎ的血糖值低于进食面粉，Ｐ分别＜０．０１、０．０１、０．０５；进食玉米粉后１２０、１８０ｍｉｎ血糖值低于面粉，Ｐ＜０．０５。２种实验食物的血糖增值面积均低于面粉，Ｐ＜０．０５；进食豆番粉后各时点胰岛素值、胰升血糖素值明显低于进食面粉，Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１；进食玉米粉后同时点胰岛素值与面粉相比无显著性差异，胰升糖素值３０、１２０ｍｉｎ有显著性差异。肥胖人进食豆番粉后血糖值与面粉相比无显著性差异，但胰岛素值、胰升血糖素值有明显下降，各时点值Ｐ均＜０．０５。结论①豆番粉血糖指数低，可控制餐后高血糖状态，不增加胰岛素、胰升血糖素分泌，可减轻胰岛素抵抗。②玉米粉血糖曲线增值面积、低于面粉，可作为糖尿病人选择的食品，对改善胰岛素抵抗也有较好的作用。     

五味与毒性关系的探讨

毒性的产生应有物质基础,这种物质基础就是五味,中药的功效和毒性均来自五味。在五味中有毒药物的数量以辛、苦味为多,甘味最少,酸、咸味居中。     

Evolution of North American PVYNTN Strain Tu 660 from Local PVYN by Mutation rather than Recombination

A North American (NA) isolate of tobacco veinal necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY^N) (N-Jg) and a NA isolate of potato tuber necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY^NTN) (Tu 660) were tested for their phenotypes by inoculation to potato plants of three potato cultivars. Upon inoculation with Tu 660, tubers of the cultivars Norchip and Ranger Russet developed potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) but not the tubers of Russet Burbank. N-Jg failed to induce PTNRD in the tested cultivars. The genomic RNAs of both strains were completely sequenced and analysed. High homology (98% and 99% identity on nucleotide and polyprotein, respectively) was found between Tu 660 and N-Jg. When polyproteins were compared with other isolates, high identity was observed between Tu 660 and an European (Eu) PVY^N-605 (98%) and with an Eu-PVY^NTN-H (96%). However, when individual mature proteins were compared, much lower identities (86.5–94%) were found between Tu 660 and PVY^NTN-H compared to 98–99.5% between Tu 660 and PVY^N-605 in the P3, 6K1 and CI regions. Further sequence analysis indicated that the PVY^NTN-H is a hybrid molecule of the genomic RNA recombination of PVY^O and Eu-PVY^N as shown by Glais et al. (Arch Virol 147, 363–378), whereas NA-PVY^NTN Tu 660 is free of recombination points. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed this observation, and suggested that, in light of high homology, the Tu 660 might have evolved from NA-PVY^N by mutations rather than the genome recombinations. The non-recombinant nature of NA-PVY^NTN Tu 660 strongly suggests that the recombinant structure of genome is not a necessary prerequisite for the PTNRD phenotype.     

Orosensory Perception of Fat/Sweet Stimuli and Appetite-Regulating Peptides before and after Sleeve Gastrectomy or Gastric Bypass in Adult Women with Obesity

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of bariatric surgery on fat and sweet taste perceptions and to determine the possible correlations with gut appetite-regulating peptides and subjective food sensations. Women suffering from severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m²) were studied 2 weeks before and 6 months after a vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG, n = 32) or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 12). Linoleic acid (LA) and sucrose perception thresholds were determined using the three-alternative forced-choice procedure, gut hormones were assayed before and after a test meal and subjective changes in oral food sensations were self-reported using a standardized questionnaire. Despite a global positive effect of both surgeries on the reported gustatory sensations, a change in the taste sensitivity was only found after RYGB for LA. However, the fat and sweet taste perceptions were not homogenous between patients who underwent the same surgery procedure, suggesting the existence of two subgroups: patients with and without taste improvement. These gustatory changes were not correlated to the surgery-mediated modifications of the main gut appetite-regulating hormones. Collectively these data highlight the complexity of relationships between bariatric surgery and taste sensitivity and suggest that VSG and RYGB might impact the fatty taste perception differently.     

基于甜味受体整合中药“效味”和“滋味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质基础

目的 基于甜味受体整合中药“效味”和“滋味”探索玉竹Polygonatum odoratum甘味药性物质基础,为中药药性物质研究提供新视角。方法 以多糖、皂苷、黄酮成分为玉竹甘味药性物质筛选对象,分析其对“阴虚”小鼠体质量、体温、食量、饮水量、大便含水量、皮肤含水量及Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性和水通道蛋白1(aquaporin 1,AQP1)、AQP3 m RNA表达量的影响,基于“效味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质;以典型甘、苦、辛、酸、咸味中药建立中药“五味”标准,利用电子舌技术及主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA),分别比较玉竹多糖、皂苷、黄酮与中药“五味”的欧式距离及投射的区域,基于“滋味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质。将基于“效味”和“滋味”相同的甘味药性物质确定为玉竹甘味药性物质基础,并采用整体动物考察其对胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)分泌的影响,分子对接考察甘味药性物质与甜味受体...     

甘薯花青苷色素的抗氧化活性及抑肿瘤作用研究

目的:为在食品中应用甘薯花青苷色素(SPAC),研究其抗氧化活性及抑肿瘤作用。方法:采用体外实验测定SPAC清除??O2和?OH及抑制丙二醛(MDA)生成的能力。测定SPAC对小鼠血清及皮肤超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、抑制S180生长和血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与MDA生成的作用。结果:在体外实验中SPAC能清除??O2和?OH,与同浓度VC相比,清除率分别提高30.63%和20.57%;小鼠灌胃SPAC后的血清和皮肤细胞中SOD活力分别提高27.30%和13.50%;SPAC对小鼠肉瘤S180有抑制作用,最高抑瘤率达到43.12%;与对照组相比,在用SPAC的抑瘤组小鼠血清中GSH-Px和SOD活性明显提高,MDA降低。结论:SPAC具有抗氧化及抑肿瘤作用,在食品和化妆品中有开发潜力。     

运用甘温理论治疗系统性红斑狼疮探讨

通过对系统性红斑狼疮基本病机的研讨 ,探析运用甘温理论治疗系统性红斑狼疮的诊治思路。指出系统性红斑狼疮的基本病机为本虚标实 ,主要证候多表现为虚中夹实 ,故应运用甘温理论 ,以益气健脾、补肾摄精为基本治法。     

The involvement of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis and two Sid‐1‐like transmembrane proteins in double‐stranded RNA uptake in the Colorado potato beetle midgut

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool in entomology and shows promise as a crop protection strategy, but variability in its efficiency across different insect species limits its applicability. For oral uptake of the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), the RNAi trigger, two different mechanisms are known: systemic RNA interference deficient‐1 (Sid‐1) transmembrane channel‐mediated uptake and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. So far, a wide range of experiments has been conducted, confirming the involvement of one of the pathways in dsRNA uptake, but never both pathways in the same species. We investigated the role of both pathways in dsRNA uptake in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, known to have an efficient RNAi response. Through RNAi‐of‐RNAi experiments, we demonstrated the contribution of two different sid‐1‐like (sil) genes, silA and silC, and clathrin heavy chain and the 16kDa subunit of the vacuolar H⁺ ATPase (vha16), elements of the endocytic pathway, to the RNAi response. Furthermore, the sid‐1‐like genes were examined through phylogenetic and hydrophobicity analysis. This article reports for the first time on the involvement of two pathways in dsRNA uptake in an insect species and stresses the importance of evaluating both pathways through a well‐devised reporter system in any future experiments on cellular dsRNA uptake.     

论甘草之缓

甘草味甘性平,在中药中有"国老"之誉,五行为土,借甘以缓肝之急、缓中健脾、缓肺气之急、缓心之急、缓肾之急、缓百药辛烈之性,作用广泛又不失平和之性。但临床仍需辨证论治为基础,以求熟用其甘缓之功。