糖对椰酵假单胞菌产毒性能的影响研究

以半固体ＬＡ和营养琼脂为基础培养基，分别加入葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉、甘油等４种成分，研究糖分对椰酵假单胞菌产毒性能影响。结果表明，椰酵假单胞菌在营养琼脂和ＬＡ半固体基础培养基上基本不产毒或产毒量很低，而葡萄糖和甘油的加入使椰酵假单胞菌的产毒能力大幅度提高，产毒量不低于在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（ＰＤＡ）中，提示了糖代谢在椰酵假单胞菌生长和产毒过程中的重要作用。建议将ＬＤＡ（含葡萄糖的ＬＡ，新设计）半固体做为一种新的椰酵假单胞菌产毒培养基，有利于实验室研究及不同实验室间的质量控制     

rrn操纵元序列PCR鉴定术后龟分支杆菌暴发感染的研究

目的　本研究旨在采用分子生物学技术 ,从基因水平上确认医院内术后暴发感染的致病菌 ,并建立一套快速的PCR方法鉴定龟分支杆菌脓肿亚种。方法　根据分支杆菌的rrn操纵元序列即 16srDNA和 16s - 2 3srDNA间隔区序列 ,分别设计合成一对引物 ,采用聚合酶链反应技术 ,并以结核分支杆菌和常见速生长非结核分支杆菌作对照 ,对临床分离株进行PCR扩增 ,并根据DNA带的大小和数量鉴定分支杆菌。结果　 5 3株龟分支杆菌脓肿亚种临床分离株和标准株 ,用16srDNA扩增 ,均被扩增出一条特异的 5 84bpDNA带 ,相应的 16s - 2 3srDNA扩增 ,为特异的380bpDNA带。而速生长的非结核分支杆菌均扩增出不同大小的 1或 2条DNA带。 结论　基因水平上确认此次引起医院内术后暴发感染的致病菌为龟分支杆菌脓肿亚种。rrn操纵元PCR扩增检测体系灵敏、特异 ,能鉴定龟分支杆菌脓肿亚种临床株 ,并与其它速生长分支杆菌区别开。     

柳穿鱼的生药研究

通过时柳穿鱼药材性状、显微特征及理化鉴别的分析研究，找到了鉴别特征，为该药材的使用和进一步研究提供了鉴定依据。     

Transmission of Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus Infection from Horses to Humans

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a zoonotic pathogen for persons in contact with horses. In horses, S. zooepidemicus is an opportunistic pathogen, but human infections associated with S. zooepidemicus are often severe. Within 6 months in 2011, 3 unrelated cases of severe, disseminated S. zooepidemicus infection occurred in men working with horses in eastern Finland. To clarify the pathogen’s epidemiology, we describe the clinical features of the infection in 3 patients and compare the S. zooepidemicus isolates from the human cases with S. zooepidemicus isolates from horses. The isolates were analyzed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and sequencing of the szP gene. Molecular typing methods showed that human and equine isolates were identical or closely related. These results emphasize that S. zooepidemicus transmitted from horses can lead to severe infections in humans. As leisure and professional equine sports continue to grow, this infection should be recognized as an emerging zoonosis.     

Molecular Investigation of Tularemia Outbreaks,Spain, 1997–2008

Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997–1998 and 2007–2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Isolates obtained from the second tularemia outbreak had the same genotypes as isolates obtained from the first outbreak. Both outbreaks were caused by genotypes of genetic subclade B.Br:FTNF002–00, which is widely distributed in countries in central and western Europe. Thus, reemergence of tularemia in Spain was not caused by the reintroduction of exotic strains, but probably by persistence of local reservoirs of infection.     

Intestinal microbiota and its association with colon cancer and red/processed meat consumption

The human colon harbors a high number of microorganisms that were reported to play a crucial role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In the recent decade, molecular detection and metabolomic techniques have expanded our knowledge on the role of specific microbial species in promoting tumorigenesis. In this study, we reviewed the association between microbial dysbiosis and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Various microbial species and their association with colorectal tumorigenesis and red/processed meat consumption have been reviewed. The literature demonstrated a significant abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis in patients with adenoma or adenocarcinoma compared to healthy individuals. The mechanisms in which each organism was postulated to promote colon carcinogenesis were collated and summarized in this review. These include the microorganisms' ability to adhere to colon cells; modulate the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, the activations of oncogenes, and genotoxicity; and activate downstream targets responsible for angiogenesis. The role of these microorganisms in conjugation with meat components including N‐nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines, and heme was also evident in multiple studies. The outcome of this review supports the role of red meat consumption in modulating CRC progression and the possibility of gut microbiome influencing the relationship between CRC and diet. The study also demonstrates that microbiota analysis could potentially complement existing screening methods when detecting colonic lesions.     

Open clinical trial of rifabutin and clarithromycin therapy in Crohn''s disease

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease in humans, has a suspected aetiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. AIMS: To evaluate the role of rifabutin and clarithromycin anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis treatment in Crohn's disease patients using an open clinical trial. METHODS:. A total of 36 patients with acute presentations of Crohn's disease, whose sera tested positive against p35 and p36 antigens (two recombinant proteins of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis), were selected for treatment with rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy Rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy medications included 250 mg 1 po bid clarithromycin and 150 mg 1 po bid Ri-fabutin accompanied with a probiotic. Crohn's disease patients' response to rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy was monitored over a period ranging from 4 to 17 months. RESULTS: Seven patients (19.4%) withdrew from the study since they were unable to tolerate medications. Of the remaining 29 patients, 21 (58.3%) reached a sustained state of improvement, traditionally defined as a decrease of 70 points between their entrance and exit Crohn's disease activity index scores together with the absence of the need of all other Crohn's medications, such as immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. Three Crohn's disease patients [8. 3%) noticed significant improvements, but required other Crohn's medications, concurrently with rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy, to achieve and sustain improvement. Only 5 Crohn's disease patients (13.8%) were non-responders, noticing no marked improvement while on rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION: The data add further evidence to support the role of rifabutin and macrolide antibiotic therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease specifically in those patients with evidence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis infection. A large multi-centre clinical trial is needed to further explore these findings.     

显脉羊蹄甲的生物活性成分

目的对显脉羊蹄甲中具有抑制血小板聚集活性的有效部位的化学成分进行研究。方法从显脉羊蹄甲抑制血小板聚集活性部位中,利用溶剂分步萃取法和各种色谱手段(硅胶吸附柱色谱,聚酰胺柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,开放ODS柱色谱,液相色谱等)分离得到了10个化合物,根据其理化性质和光谱数据分析(1H-NMR、13C-NMR等)鉴定了它们的结构。结果从活性部位中分离鉴定的化合物为黄酮类,分别是:3,5,7,4'-四羟基-3'-甲氧基黄酮(3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone,1)、5,7,3',4'-四羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮(5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone,2)、槲皮素(quercetin,3)、木樨草素(luteolin,4)、山柰酚(kaempferol,5)、5,7,4'-三羟基-3'-甲氧基黄酮(5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone,6)、7,3',4'-三羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮(7,3',4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone,7)、杨梅苷(myricitrin,8)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(quercetin-3-O-α-Larabinopyranoside,9)、儿茶素(catechin,10)。结论化合物1-6、8-9均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物7为首次从羊蹄甲属植物中分离得到。