自由与主动呼吸控制状态下乳腺癌调强放疗位移EPID误差比较

目的:应用电子射野影像系统测量自由呼吸状态(FB)和主动呼吸控制状态(ABC)下的相对位移,并对比其差别。方法:选择29例接受保留乳房术后调强放疗的乳腺癌患者,16例在FB下13例在ABC下接受放疗。患者在每次放疗前拍电子射野影像片(EPI),ABC的8例在每次放疗前拍2次。依据胸壁和乳腺表面轮廓将EPI和数字重建图像(DRR)进行配准,计算出每次配准时垂直和水平方向的差异。结果:FB组水平和垂直方向的平均位移分别为1.93和0.99mm,ABC组分别为1.97和1.14mm。位移>5mm的<4%。ABC组之间在水平和垂直方向的位移差异无统计学意义,P值分别为0.778和0.142。其中8例每次放疗前拍2次EPI的ABC患者,在水平和垂直方向差异无统计学意义,P值分别为0.220和0.862。结论:尽管从理论上ABC可减少呼吸运动,但在减少由摆位误差和呼吸运动造成的混合位移方面并无优势。乳腺癌放疗时从临床靶区到计划靶区外放5mm的边界是合理的。     

Tensile Behavior of Basalt Textile Reinforced Concrete: Effect of Test Setups and Textile Ratios

The clevis-grip tensile test is usually employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) composites, which is actually a bond test and is unsuitable for determining reliable design parameters. Thus, the clevis-grip tensile test needs further improvement to obtain foreseeable results concerning TRC tensile behavior. This paper presents the experimental results of twenty-one tension tests performed on basalt TRC (BTRC) thin plates with different test setups, i.e., clevis-grip and improved clevis-grip, and with different textile ratios. The influences of test setups and textile ratios on crack patterns, failure mode, and tensile stress-strain curves with characteristic parameters were analyzed in depth to judge the feasibility of the new test setup. The results indicated that with the new test setup, BTRC composites exhibited textile rupture at failure; in addition, multi-cracks occurred to the BTRC composites as the textile ratio exceeded 1.44%. In this case, the obtained results relied on textile properties, which can be considered reliable for design purposes. The modified ACK model with a textile utilization rate of 50% provided accurate predictions for the tensile stress-strain behavior of the BTRC composite derived from the improved test setup. The proposed test setup enables the adequate utilization of BTRC composite and the reliability of obtained results related to the occurrence of textile rupture; nevertheless, further work is required to better understand the key parameters affecting the textile utilization rate, such as the strength of the concrete matrix.     

锥形束CT图像引导下真空垫固定乳腺癌术后放疗摆位误差分析

目的 研究锥形束CT(CBCT)图像引导下真空垫固定乳腺癌术后放疗的摆位误差.方法 回顾性分析2018年3月至2019年11月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院收治的已接受乳腺癌手术治疗的108例患者的临床资料.所有患者在真空垫固定下接受CBCT图像引导放疗,获取摆位图像,输出三维方向纠正前后及放疗后摆位误差,并进行摆位误差分析...     

直肠癌调强放疗计划中六维随机摆位误差的剂量学影响研究

目的 设计一种软件将随机六维摆位误差引入到直肠癌调强放疗(IMRT)计划中,并评估其剂量学影响。方法 随机选取21例直肠癌IMRT计划作为参考计划(单次剂量 2 Gy, 共50 Gy;PTV为CTV均匀外扩5 mm)。对参考计划的每个分次,通过调整射野几何参数的方法引入随机生成的六维摆位误差,并重新完成剂量计算。再将各分次剂量累加后得到存在摆位误差情况下的总剂量分布。基于美国瓦里安Eclipse脚本应用程序接口(ESAPI)开发能够自动完成上述流程的治疗模拟软件,将服从两种预设分布[分布1:平移误差服从N(0,4²),旋转误差服从N(0,2²);分布2:平移误差服从N(0,2²),旋转误差服从N(0,1²)]的六维摆位误差引入参考计划,并评估剂量学影响。结果 参考计划、误差分布1和误差分布2情况下,CTV的D_min分别为(49.4±0.41)、(47.56±0.76)和(49.17±0.64)Gy;CTV的D_98%分别为(50.23±0.07)、(49.98±0.10)和(50.27±0.09)Gy;主体靶区(靶区除去边缘后的内核部分)D_98%为(50.25±0.08)、(50.42±0.13)和(50.33±0.10)Gy;边缘靶区D_98%为(50.22±0.10)、(49.88±0.11) 和(50.26±0.10)Gy。另外,相比参考计划,误差分布1和2的情况下,膀胱和股骨头平均受量的变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),剂量分布的适形指数虽有微弱降低,但临床意义有限。结论 本方法及据此开发的治疗模拟软件可以根据需要将服从不同分布的六维摆位误差引入到直肠癌IMRT计划中,并给出总体剂量学变化情况。     

The dosimetric impact of respiratory breast movement and daily setup error on tangential whole breast irradiation using conventional wedge,field-in-field and irregular surface compensator techniques

To evaluate the dosimetric impact of respiratory breast motion and daily setup error on whole breast irradiation (WBI) using three irradiation techniques; conventional wedge (CW), field-in-field (FIF) and irregular surface compensator (ISC). WBI was planned for 16 breast cancer patients. The dose indices for evaluated clinical target volume (CTV_evl), lung, and body were evaluated. For the anterior-posterior (AP) respiratory motion and setup error of a single fraction, the isocenter was moved according to a sine function, and the dose indices were averaged over one period. Furthermore, the dose indices were weighted according to setup error frequencies that have a normal distribution to model systematic and random setup error for the entire treatment course. In all irradiation techniques, AP movement has a significant impact on dose distribution. CTV_evlD₉₅ (the minimum relative dose that covers 95 % volume) and V₉₅ (the relative volume receiving 95 % of the prescribed dose) were observed to significantly decrease from the original ISC plan when simulated for the entire treatment course. In contrast, the D₉₅, V₉₅ and dose homogeneity index did not significantly differ from those of the original plans for FIF and CW. With regard to lung dose, the effect of motion was very similar among all three techniques. The dosimetric impact of AP respiratory breast motion and setup error was largest for the ISC technique, and the second greatest effect was observed with the FIF technique. However, these variations are relatively small.     

The influence of the crutch setup on stability and weight-bearing parameters in post total hip replacement surgery patients during quiet standing

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the crutch setup on standing, in post total hip replacement (THR) surgery patients.

Materials and methods: Thirty patients after THR were randomly assigned to walking with the elbow flexed (EF) or elbow straight (ES) crutch setup. Subjects were asked to stand on a force platform in a comfortable position with the crutch positioned on the unaffected side, facing forward for 10?seconds. Centre of pressure total path and maximal excursion were evaluated in both medio-lateral and anterior–posterior planes. Difference in the asymmetry of left/right acromial height, measured with and without the crutch, was calculated (ACdiff). Percentage of body weight borne by the crutch (Fcr), symmetry (SIload) between operated and healthy limbs loading during the trial, together with shoulder forces and moments were measured.

Results: No significant differences between the two groups (p?>?.05) were found for stability parameters. ACdiff, Fcr and shoulder load increased significantly (p?Conclusions: The present study showed that the ES setup reduced the force borne by the crutch, the load on the shoulder joint and it minimized postural and loading asymmetries when compared to EF setup. Conversely, postural stability was not influenced by the crutch setup.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Static posture and weight-bearing parameters are influenced by crutch setup during quiet standing.

• Crutch setup does not influence postural stability.

• Adjusting the crutch according to the elbow straight setup reduces the force borne by the crutch and the asymmetry in lower limbs loading.

• Forces and moments at the shoulder joint were reduced for the elbow straight setup group.

     

胰腺癌患者螺旋断层放疗摆位误差分析

目的：通过兆伏级CT（MVCT）在线测量校正胰腺癌患者螺旋断层放疗的摆位误差,确定临床靶区CTV和计划靶区PTV之间的外放距离。方法：2012年5月至12月,21例接受TomoTherapy治疗的胰腺癌患者,每次治疗前均行靶区部位MVCT扫描。并将扫描后的MVCT图像与定位时千伏级CT（kVCT）图像进行配准,分别记录患者左右x、头脚y、腹背z和横断面旋转Roll四个方向的偏差数值,对其误差值进行统计分析。结果：21例患者共行358次MVCT扫描,其摆位误差值在x、y、z和Roll方向分别为：（-0．14±0．60）mm、（-1．21±0．44）mm、（0．69±0．93）mm和（0．02±0．26）。x、y、z方向CTV和PTV之间的外放距离分别为：5．5mm、7．4mm和3．9mm。结论：胰腺癌患者治疗摆位误差较大,Tomotherapy通过在线摆位校正能有效减小摆位误差。临床上建议胰腺癌患者在x、y、z方向上CTV和PTV之间可分别外扩5mm、7mm和4mm,为精确照射提供必要的质量保证。     

体位固定方式和BMI对胸部肿瘤放疗摆位误差的影响

目的探讨胸部肿瘤患者接受放疗时,体位固定方式和身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)对摆位误差的影响。方法回顾性分析接受调强放疗的132例胸部肿瘤患者的临床资料。根据放疗时患者双手摆放位置的不同分为A、B两组,A组患者(82例)双手十指交叉置于专用臂托上,B组患者(50例)双手置于身体两侧。根据患者的BMI分为1组(偏瘦)、2组(正常)和3组(超重)。首次治疗前行CBCT扫描,使用自动骨性配准结合手动微调,计算出x、y和z轴方向的摆位误差。比较不同体位固定方式和不同BMI的摆位差异。结果B组患者x方向摆位误差小于A组(P<0.05);B3组患者x方向摆位误差小于A3组(P<0.05)。在y和z方向上,A组和B组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胸部肿瘤患者放疗时,患者双手摆放位置对摆位误差有影响,采用双手体侧位固定方式引起的摆位误差较小。患者BMI越大,摆位误差差异越明显,超重患者更宜选用双手体侧位固定方式。     

螺旋断层放射治疗胰腺癌摆位误差分析

目的分析在兆伏级电子计算机断层扫描(MVCT)图像引导下采用螺旋断层调强放疗技术治疗胰腺癌患者的摆位误差,并计算计划靶区(PTV)的边界(margin)外放。方法行MVCT图像扫描,将扫描获取的MVCT图像与计划CT图像进行配准,记录左右(X)、头脚(Y)、腹背(Z)轴方向和横断面旋转(roll)方向的误差值,并对误差值进行分析计算。结果共行592次MVCT扫描。X、Y、Z和roll方向摆位误差值分别为(-0.5±2.8)mm、(-1.1±6.4)mm、(6.0±4.4)mm和(-0.2±0.7)°。X、Y和Z 3个方向上的平均误差小于5 mm,所占比例分别为97.13%(575/592)、88.01%(521/592)和37.84%(224/592),roll方向旋转误差小于1°,所占比例为93.92%(556/592)。根据公式得出在X、Y和Z 3个方向PTV的边界外放间距值分别为5.2、9.9和7.5 mm。结论对MVCT图像引导下行螺旋断层放射治疗胰腺癌患者的摆位误差数据分析,为提高放射治疗精度及疗效,推荐胰腺癌放疗在X、Y和Z三维方向上CTV到PTV的margin外放值分别为5、10和8 mm。     

宫颈癌术后调强计划稳健性研究

目的:通过移动等中心模拟系统误差,探讨宫颈癌术后调强放射治疗（IMRT）中剂量分布受系统摆位误差的敏感程度。方法:分别制定30例宫颈癌术后IMRT计划,在治疗计划中移动等中心,假设每次治疗时系统误差都为同一方向,每位患者沿原始x、y、z轴各移动等中心±3.0、±5.0和±7.0 mm模拟左右、腹背、头脚方向系统摆位误差对剂量分布的影响,在不改变优化条件的情况,重新计算剂量分布,得到30个参考计划与540个再计划DVH参数。配对t检验不同方向差异。结果:误差为3、5和7 mm时,CTV D98和PTV V95下降平均偏差分别为0.16%和0.55%、0.44%和1.72%、0.89%和3.41%;小肠、直肠、膀胱、左股骨头和右股骨头V50超标频率分别为2.22%、0.00%、0.00%、0.00%和0.00%,11.11%、2.22%、0.00%、4.44%和4.44%,15.56%、6.67%、2.78%、13.33%和14.44%。采用配对t检验对不同方向误差进行对比时发现:（1）y轴方向摆位误差比x和z轴方向对CTV D98和PTV V95影响更敏感（P<0.05, P<0.05）;（2）背方向摆位误差比其他方向对小肠和膀胱V50 影响更敏感（P<0.05, P<0.05）;（3）腹方向摆位误差比其他方向对直肠V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）;（4）右方向摆位误差比其他方向对左股骨头V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）;（5）左方向摆位误差比其他方向对右股骨头V50影响更敏感（P<0.05）。结论:摆位误差较小时（<5 mm）,靶区剂量和小肠、膀胱、直肠、左右股骨头V50受摆位误差敏感程度较小,宫颈癌术后IMRT计划较稳健。当摆位误差增大时,宫颈癌术后IMRT计划不再稳健,治疗前一定需要寻找原因,如有必要还需重新做体位固定装置。