NEW DEVICE TO PERFORM COAGULATION AND IRRIGATION SIMULTANEOUSLY DURING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING AN INSULATION‐TIPPED ELECTROSURGICAL KNIFE

Background: Although bleeding is an unavoidable complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic hemostasis using an insulation‐tipped electrosurgical knife (IT) knife is impossible because an insulator is mounted at the tip of the knife. We have developed a new type of hood which could perform both coagulation and irrigation simultaneously. Methods: Our new device was fabricated by drilling a side hole in the cap portion of a conventional transparent hood followed by attaching a machined papillotomy knife to the exterior surface of the hole. Results: Our new hood was useful for hemorrhage during ESD using IT knife. Conclusions: With this method, endoscopic hemostasis using IT knife is easy, as hemostatic procedure can be performed under irrigation and coagulation using conventional endoscopy.     

ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION METHOD FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORS

The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation‐tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT‐knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms.     

Pleural mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure in the pulp and paper industries: a new risk group identified by linkage of official registers

Analysis of data obtained by linking the 1960 Swedish Census and the Swedish Cancer Registry has demonstrated an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma among pulp and paper workers. The present study was undertaken with the aim of revealing possible environmental risk factors. The work histories of the 25 cases identified earlier were reviewed. "Certain" or "probable" exposure to asbestos was found among 70% of these workers. The study illustrates how linkage of official registers can be used to identify new risk environments and encourage the establishment of preventive measures.     

非对称区域折射型多焦点人工晶状体植入术后中期临床效果的研究

目的探讨SBL-3新型区域折射型多焦点人工晶状体(MIOL)植入术后的中期临床效果。 方法前瞻性研究。选取2016年6月至2018年1月在成都爱尔眼科医院诊断为年龄相关性白内障,并行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入的患者59例(87只眼)为研究对象。根据植入人工晶状体类型的不同分为两组。其中,30例(40只眼)植入SBL-3新型区域折射多焦点人工晶状体为多焦组;29例(47只眼)植入Softec HD单焦点人工晶状体为单焦组。术后随访3~12个月,记录术后裸眼远距离(5 m)、中距离(80 cm)、近距离(40 cm)的裸眼视力,矫正远视力及术后等效球镜屈光度;利用VF-14量表行主观问卷调查;对术后眩光的发生率、日常生活老视眼镜依赖与否进行问卷记录;采用双通道视觉质量分析系统测量客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止空间频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特尔比值(SR)、对比度视力(包含100%、20%及9%三种)及调节幅度等指标。单焦组和多焦组两组患者各个指标的比较采用独立样本t检验,术前术后的比较采用配对t检验。 结果单焦组与多焦组患者术后裸眼远距离视力均较术前有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(t＝-10.859,-13.382;P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组术后等效球镜屈光度差异无统计学意义(t＝1.370,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼远距离视力分别为(0.87±0.17)与(0.82±0.21),差异无统计学意义(t＝-1.129,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后矫正远距离视力分别为(0.91±0.13)与(0.91±0.14),差异无统计学意义(t＝0.081,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼中距离视力分别为(0.70±0.17)与(0.54±0.22),差异具有统计学意义(t＝-3.888,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后裸眼近距离视力分别为(0.71±0.20)与(0.28±0.10),差异具有统计学意义(t＝-12.340,P<0.05)。单焦组与多焦点组患者采用VF-14表评分分别为(75.39±10.30)与(97.50±4.50),前者低于后者,差异有统计学意义(t＝-9.837,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者对老视眼镜的依赖程度分别为5%(2/40)与93.6%(44/47),差异有统计学意义(χ²＝68.104,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术后眩光的发生率分别为7.5%(3/40)与4.26%(2/47),差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.035,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的MTF cutoff分别为(24.17±7.68)c/deg与(27.00±10.98)c/deg,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.398,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的OSI分别为(2.0±0.7)与(1.7±0.8),差异无有统计学意义(t＝-2.139,P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者的SR分别为(0.13±0.03)与(0.15±0.06),差异有统计学意义(t＝2.130,P<0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者在100%、20%及9%对比度视力比较,差异均无统计学意义(t＝1.545,1.886,1.968;P>0.05)。多焦组与单焦组患者术眼调节幅度分别为(2.30±0.80)D与(1.60±0.70)D,差异有统计学意义(t＝-3.600,P<0.05)。 结论SBL-3新型区域折射多焦点人工晶状体可以提供较好的全程视力和视觉质量,术后患者满意度较高。     

Phleboviruses encapsidate their genomes by sequestering RNA bases

Rift Valley fever and Toscana viruses are human pathogens for which no effective therapeutics exist. These and other phleboviruses have segmented negative-sense RNA genomes that are sequestered by a nucleocapsid protein (N) to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of irregular, asymmetric structure, previously uncharacterized at high resolution. N binds nonspecifically to single-stranded RNA with nanomolar affinity. Crystal structures of Rift Valley fever virus N-RNA complexes reconstituted with defined RNAs of different length capture tetrameric, pentameric and hexameric N-RNA multimers. All N-N subunit contacts are mediated by a highly flexible α-helical arm. Arm movement gives rise to the three multimers in the crystal structures and also explains the asymmetric architecture of the RNP. Despite the flexible association of subunits, the crystal structures reveal an invariant, monomeric RNP building block, consisting of the core of one N subunit, the arm of a neighboring N, and four RNA nucleotides with the flanking phosphates. Up to three additional RNA nucleotides bind between subunits. The monomeric building block is matched in size to the repeating unit in viral RNP, as visualized by electron microscopy. N sequesters four RNA bases in a narrow hydrophobic binding slot and has polar contacts only with the sugar-phosphate backbone, which faces the solvent. All RNA bases, whether in the binding slot or in the subunit interface, face the protein in a manner that is incompatible with base pairing or with “reading” by the viral polymerase.     

应用分段小切口在四肢表浅部位骨内固定钢板取出术中的应用效果评估

目的:探讨应用分段小切口在四肢表浅部位骨内固定钢板取出术中的应用效果。方法:将我院2008年2月～2011年12月四肢表浅部位骨内固定钢板取出术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用分段小切口手术方法,对照组采用普通切口手术方法,观察手术时及术后患者的麻醉方式、出血量、疼痛、拆线时间、住院时间等指标。结果:发现观察组患者在麻醉方式、手术时间、出血量、抗生素应用、疼痛、拆线时间、住院时间等方面较对照组疗效优越,且两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用分段小切口在四肢表浅部位骨内固定钢板取出术中具有较好的应用疗效,值得推广的好方法。     

浅析废玻璃资源化处理新技术及其在我国的应用前景

介绍了国内外废旧玻璃的产生及回收利用现状,分析了废玻璃资源化处理方案,研究了利用废玻璃制备泡沫玻璃建筑保温板材的生产线工艺流程及成本,并分析了泡沫玻璃产品在民用建筑保温隔热等方面的应用前景。     

Research of Wood Waste as a Potential Filler for Loose-Fill Building Insulation: Appropriate Selection and Incorporation into Polyurethane Biocomposite Foams

Currently, the recycling potential of wood waste (WW) is still limited, and in a resource efficiency approach, recycling WW in insulation materials, such as polyurethane (PUR), appears as an appropriate solution. It is known that the quality of WW is the main aspect which influences the stability of the final products. Therefore, the current study analyses different WW-based fillers as possible modifiers for polyurethane biocomposite foams for the application as loose-fill materials in building envelopes. During the study of WW-based fillers, it was determined that the most promising filler is wood scobs (WS) with a thermal conductivity of 0.0496 W/m·K, short-term water absorption by partial immersion—12.5 kg/m², water vapour resistance—0.34 m²·h·Pa/mg and water vapour diffusion resistance factor—2.4. In order to evaluate the WS performance as a filler in PUR biocomposite foams, different ratios of PUR binder and WS filler (PURb/WS) were selected. It was found that a 0.40 PURb/WS ratio is insufficient for the appropriate wetting of WS filler while a 0.70 PURb/WS ratio produced PUR biocomposite foams with the most suitable performance: thermal conductivity reduced from 0.0523 to 0.0476 W/m·K, water absorption—from 5.6 to 1.3 kg/m², while the compressive strength increased from 142 to 272 kPa and the tensile strength increased from 44 to 272 kPa.