免疫调节药在肿瘤患者住院治疗中的应用分析

目的 了解肿瘤住院患者使用免疫调节药的现状，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对2003～2005年免疫调节药应用情况运用药物使用频度（DDDs）、年均增率（AARG）等分析方法，进行统计分析。结果 免疫调节药销售金额年均增长率达106.69%。生物反应修饰剂销售金额占总金额的65.93%。生物反应修饰剂和增强免疫功能中成药用药频度相当。排序靠前的是金黄色葡萄球菌滤液注射液、参芪扶正注射液，用量上升最快的是香菇多糖注射液、胸腺素α1注射液。结论 免疫调节药是肿瘤放化疗必备用药，在肿瘤患者住院治疗中应用广泛。整体上该类药物的应用基本合理。疗效显著且作用广泛的药物成为临床首选。     

Before-birth climatologic data may play a role in the development of allergies in infants

While an exacerbation in allergic symptoms corresponding to seasons has long been reported, few studies have investigated the association between the season of birth and allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the climatologic data before and after birth affected the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the results of allergy-related blood tests in early infancy. From February 1995 to January 2000, 2136 infants were tested for AD and followed for 12 months. AD patients were tested by using allergy-related blood tests. Data were compared according to the month of birth and the climatologic data using a computed statistical software package. Six hundred and thirty infants had AD before 12 months old, and significant differences were found according to the season of birth (p < 0.0001). Infants born in spring showed the lowest (22.3%) incidence, while those born in autumn showed the highest (34.6%). In 369 patients, total serum IgE levels, and serum specific IgE levels with egg white at 3 months old were also different according to the season of birth. All of these levels were lower in patients born in spring and summer, and higher in patients born in autumn and winter. Furthermore, the cumulative sunshine amount during the 3 months before and after birth was inversely correlated, while the average temperature over the 3 months before birth was positively correlated to the incidence of AD according to the month of birth. The climatologic data around birth may play an important role in whether an infant develops allergies.     

Gastric contents and pH after oral premedication

Forty women, aged 26-40 years, were investigated with regard to gastric contents and pH before general anaesthesia. The patients were divided into two groups (20 in each). Group 100 received 0.3 mg kg-1 diazepam orally with 100 ml of water 2 h before surgery. Group 50 received 0.3 mg kg-1 diazepam with 50 ml of water 2 h before surgery. The amount of gastric content was significantly greater in Group 100 than in Group 50 (P less than 0.05). There was no statistical difference in pH values between the groups. The number of patients with both gastric pH less than 2.5 and gastric volume greater than 25 ml was significantly higher in Group 100 compared to Group 50 (P less than 0.05). We cannot recommend the use of oral premedication using these amounts of water, considering the increased risk of aspiration of gastric contents.     

西宁地区幼儿园儿童的膳食调查报告

本文对西宁地区幼儿园儿童进行了膳食调查。了解该人群的营养素摄入情况以及热能、蛋白质、脂肪来源分布和三大营养素供热比。同时提出所存在问题。     

微量尿和血清样品中氟的测定方法研究

本研究利用改进的氟测定方法，测定尿和血清样品中氟离子的含量。结果表明，该方法样品用且少，线性响应范围、精密度、回收率和重现性等指标均符合方法学的要求，与常规法比较，显示测定结果间无显著性差异。可广泛使用于要求高、样品量少的生物材料氟检测。     

中华按蚊与嗜人按蚊生物学实验研究

在实验室内对中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的主要繁殖率指标以及雄蚊、未吸血雌蚊和饱血蚊体重等进行实验研究,在温度26±1℃,温度80±10％的实验室内,中华按蚊的产卵率、平均每蚊首次产卵数、孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率分别为79.31％、127.29±47.50、86.56％、87.61％、95.89％、89.93％:而嗜人按蚊则分别为75％、114.71±47.37、75.06％、82.42％、94.44％、95.55％:中华按蚊雄蚊、未吸血蚊、饱血蚊体重、平均吸血量分别为1.12±0.24、1.44±0.32、3.94±0.892.50mg:而嗜人按蚊则分别为0.93±0.24、1.06±0.25、2.93±0.55、1.847mg。经统计学分析,它们的产卵率、平均产卵数和羽化率没有显著性差别,而孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率、蚊体重(包括雄蚊、未吸血蚊和饱血蚊)等则有非常显著性差别。中华按蚊羽化为成虫的数量与工龄幼虫之比(S值)为0.7562:而嗜人按蚊的S值则为0.7434     

饮水型氟病区人体总摄氟量与发病关系的研究

通过对丹江口市饮水型型地氟病区两个村改水前后环境氟含量,人体总摄氟量及８－１２岁儿童氟玉牙发病率的调查与相关分析,发现改水后人群总摄氟量中食中氟所占比例约为４０％－５０％,总摄氟量与８－１２岁儿童氟斑牙率,氟斑牙指数,尿氟均呈正相关,总一比单纯水氟或粮食氟更能反映出人群总体氟水平。     

Application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations

According to linear pharmacokinetics, the time course of plasma concentration of a drug, C_p,is expressed by a sum of exponential functions, C_p= _i=1 ⁿ a_i .This article describes a statistical technique to estimate the number of exponential terms, n,for the time course of drug by the application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Plasma concentrations of ethoxybenzamide, sulfisoxazole, bishydroxycoumarin, and diazepam measured following bolus intravenous injection were used as clinical examples for this method. Selection of models is compared between the AIC method and an Ftest method at significance levels of 5% and 1%.     

子宫下段高位剖宫产与新式剖宫产临床对照分析

目的　评价子宫下段高位剖宫产与新式剖宫产两种术式的优缺点。方法　 2 0 0例行子宫下段高位剖宫产 ,另 2 0 0例行新式剖宫产。观察手术时间、出血量、娩头困难例数、子宫切口撕裂例数、新生儿Ap gar评分等 ,并进行比较分析。 结果　子宫下段高位剖宫产平均出血量为 138 85± 5 3 74ml,明显低于新式剖宫产平均出血量 190 5± 5 9 18ml,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。两种术式的手术时间、娩头困难例数、子宫切口撕裂例数、新生儿Apgar评分经统计学处理 ,差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。 结论　子宫下段高位剖宫产术中出血量少 ,优于新式剖宫产 ,可在临床推广应用。     

剖宫产术后早进食及泌乳量的探讨

目的:为解决剖宫产术后产妇早进食、早泌乳,满足婴儿的需要,提高母乳喂养率.方法:将 200例剖宫产产妇分为实 验组和对照组各 100例,实验组采用剖宫产术后 6 h给予口服白萝卜汤加流汁饮食,对照组术后 6 h流汁饮食,观察 两组肠蠕动及泌乳量的比较.结果:口服白萝卜汤组肛门排气时间明显缩短,泌乳时间提前,泌乳量较对照组明显 增加,两组对比有显著性差异.结论:剖宫产术后适当刺激肠蠕动,对恢复产妇正常饮食促进泌乳有积极作用.