人参根总皂甙对热应激小鼠免疫功能保护作用的机制初探

小鼠在45℃高温环境15 min.末梢血T淋巴细胞百分数和淋巴细胞占白细胞百分数均下降.血清皮质酮升高。应激前15 min lP人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1)可防止末梢血T淋巴细胞百分数的降低,但不能抑制血清皮质酮的升高。GRS50mg·kg~(-1)ip可防止末梢血中淋巴细胞占白细胞百分数的降低。GRS50 mg·kg~(-1)、利血平0.5 mg·kg~(-1)或水杨酸毒扁豆碱0.3 mg·kg~(-1)ip均可消除热应激对小鼠迟发超敏反应的抑制作用。     

Sympathetic control of spontaneous defibrillation of the heart

Department of Normal Physiology, Russian National Medical University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 10, pp. 339–340, October, 1992.     

液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)在天然化学成分分析中的应用Ⅰ.音喷离子化(SSI)与大气压化学离子化(APCI)对利血平的比较分析

报道应用 L C- MS/ MS,采用音喷离子化 (SSI)与大气压化学离子化 (APCI)对利血平的比较分析 ,应用这两种离子化方法比较所得的利血平的标准质谱 (MS)和二级质谱 (MS2 ) ,实验证明两种离子化方法所得结果完全一致     

Memantine,amantadine, and L-deprenyl potentiate the action of L-DOPA in monoamine-depleted rats

Summary Some treatments used for Parkinson's disease attenuate locomotor depression in rats treated with reserpine and -methyl-p-tyrosine. In the present study memantine (2.5, 5.0mg/kg), amantadine (10, 20mg/kg) (both uncompetitive NMDA antagonists), and L-deprenyl (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg; MAO-B inhibitor) were tested for possible synergistic interactions with the dopamine agonists: bromocriptine (2.5, 5.0mg/kg) and L-DOPA (50, 100mg/kg, + benserazide, 100 mg/kg). At higher doses, memantine (10 mg/kg), amantadine (40 mg/kg), bromocriptine (5 and 10mg/kg) and L-DOPA (100, 200mg/kg) but not L-deprenyl (up to 10 mg/kg) produced a pronounced increase in locomotor activity when given alone. The combination of memantine, amantadine and L-deprenyl with bromocriptine did not result in synergism of action and, at best, an additive effect was seen. On the other hand the combination of these agents with L-DOPA produced a pronounced synergistic effect. Hence, the clinical observation that coadministration of L-DOPA with either memantine or amantadine results in enhancement of their action is also reflected in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Such a combination therapy should allow the use of lower doses of both drugs which may reduce the occurrence of side effects and may also be predicted to have additional benefits related to the neuroprotective properties of memantine, amantadine, and L-deprenyl.     

两种脾气虚证模型大鼠临床证候特征的比较

目的对比研究复合因素法与利血平皮下注射法所致脾气虚证模型大鼠的临床证候特征。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、复合因素组及利血平组,分别采用两种方式造模后,通过一般体征指标及证候量化评分评价临床证候表现;旷场实验评价大鼠心理及自主活动;检测血清D-木糖含量判断消化吸收能力。结果与正常组相比,两模型组大鼠证候量化评分总积分及各单项均升高(P<0.05,P<0.001),且利血平组各个单项及总积分均高于复合因素组(P<0.05);两组大鼠自主活动均较正常组减少(P<0.05);与复合因素组相比,利血平组穿格次数、中央区停留时间、活动距离下降尤为明显(P<0.001);与正常组相比,两组大鼠血清D-木糖含量均下降(P<0.01),两模型组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种造模方式都可造成大鼠脾气虚证候,但其临床证候表现有所不同,实验时应结合需求进行选择。     

南京地区社区人群抗高血压治疗的前瞻性队列研究

摘要目的：以社区抗高血压治疗的前瞻性随访队列为基础,观察复方利血平氨苯蝶啶降压效果和不良反应,及对血脂等生化指标的影响,为合理用药提供科学依据。方法：依托南京市慢性病防治体系,以新诊断高血压患者为研究对象,根据医嘱和患者自身需求,将其分为暴露组（复方利血平氨苯蝶啶治疗）和非暴露组（常规治疗）,进行前瞻性队列研究,随访并检测其血压、血液生化指标以及记录不良反应等,队列随访至2012年12月底。结果：暴露组和非暴露组分别有390例和392例患者完成随访,平均治疗时间为2．17年。两组降压有效率分别为94．9％和97．4％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组不良反应发生人数分别为6例和2例,两组不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组总胆固醇、三酰甘油、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷氨酸氨基转移酶、血清尿酸和空腹血糖在随访结束时差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：基于前瞻性队列研究观察,复方利血平氨苯蝶啶具有和常规治疗药物类似的降压效果和安全性,对血液生化指标,尤其是血尿酸代谢无不良影响。     

Effect of a depleter of cerebral monoamines on sleep patterns of a chelonian reptile

Effect of reserpine administration on sleep patterns was studied in chronically implanted adult turtles Gopherus berlandieri. Four states of vigilance that differed behaviorally and electrophysiologically were observed: active wakefulness, quiet wakefulness, quiet sleep, and active sleep. Animals spent 88 and 2.92% of the nychthemeral cycle in quiet and active sleep, respectively. The active sleep phases were of short duration reaching a mean of 22 ± 6 sec (mean ± SD) and showing an occurrence of 124 ± 33 (mean ± SD) throughout the 24-h period. High voltage spikes were observed during quiet sleep at a frequency of 37 ± 9 spikes/min (mean ± SD). Reserpine elicited a significant reduction in total sleep time and in the occurrence of high voltage spikes (P < 0.05). The number of active sleep episodes showed an important decrement throughout the nychthemeral cycle (P < 0.01). Our data provide electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence to support the analogy of reptilian and mammalian sleep. Drug Dev. Res. 39:115–120 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Effects of reserpine on fast, intermediate and slow axonal transport of proteins in rat locus coeruleus neurons

The effects of a single injection of reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on protein turnover and axonal transport (AT) in locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons was investigated in the rat. Reserpine pretreatment, at intervals of 1–21 days prior to [³H]-fucose or leucine injection into the LC, resulted in marked alterations in the turnover of [³H]glycoproteins and proteins in the LC and hypothalamus which were present for up to 14 days and varied according to the time after reserpine pretreatment. Reserpine produced an intermittent blockade, of variable degree, in rapidly and intermediately transported proteins for up to 2 weeks following injection. Slow AT was uniformly decreased over the first 10 post-treatment days to 2–42% of controls. Blockade and not a change in the rate or time of onset of transport appeared to be responsible for the observed changes. The suggested mechanism for these alterations is a re-ordering of metabolic priorities in the synthesis and transport of proteins in these noradrenergic cells secondary to a reserpine-induced depletion of norepinephrine in the nerve terminals.     

L-DOPA infusion mode differentially affects corpus striatal dopamine efflux in the presence of reserpine

Summary In the present experiment we tested the effects of L-DOPA upon dopamine (DA) efflux in vitro from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments in medium containing reserpine. The purposes of this experiment were first, to evaluate the effects of differing infusion modes of L-DOPA upon DA efflux under conditions in which DA storage capacity has been diminished, and second, to compare this L-DOPA stimulated DA efflux with that of other putative DA secretagogues such as amphetamine and postassium. No differences were obtained in stimulated DA efflux between superfusions performed in the presence or absence of reserpine (10 M) in the medium when L-DOPA (5 M) was infused in a continuous (70 minute) mode during the superfusion. In contrast, a continuous infusion of either amphetamine (10 M) or high potassium (30 mM) resulted in significantly greater stimulated DA efflux in superfusions performed with reserpine in the medium. In addition, when L-DOPA (5 M) was administered for a brief 10-minute infusion period, a significantly greater stimulated DA efflux was obtained with superfusions containing reserpine in the medium. These results suggest that the mode of L-DOPA infusion may be an important factor in regulating DA release under conditions of diminished DA storage capacity.     

3,4—二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺抗抑郁作用的药理研究

研究一种新的胡椒碱衍化物:3,4—二氯苯丙烯酰另丁胺(7903)对五种抑郁动物模型的影响。7903在小于TD_(50)剂量下,对所用动物模型均显示出抗抑郁效应,即在不增加动物的自主活动情况下,急性ip 7903可明显缩短小鼠及大鼠强迫游泳不动状态时间;急性ip或po明显缩短小鼠悬尾不动时间;慢性(二周)ip可明显缩短电刺激小鼠角膜引起的最长持续不动状态时间;急性ip可明显改善利血平引起的小鼠体温下降。