Developmental expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat: a comparison of liver and lung development.

Metabolism is one of the major determinants for age-related changes in susceptibility to chemicals. Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules present in the environment that also can be produced during biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolism. Although the lung is a major target for aldehyde toxicity, early development of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) in lung has been poorly studied. The expression of ALDH in liver and lung across ages (postnatal day 1, 8, 22, and 60) was investigated in Wistar-Han rats. In adult, the majority of hepatic ALDH activity was found in mitochondria, while cytosolic ALDH activity was the highest contributor in lung. Total aldehyde oxidation capability in liver increases with age, but stays constant in lung. These overall developmental profiles of ALDH expression in a tissue appear to be determined by the different composition of ALDH isoforms within the tissue and their independent temporal and tissue-specific development. ALDH2 showed the most notable tissue-specific development. Hepatic ALDH2 was increased with age, while the pulmonary form did not. ALDH1 was at its maximum value at postnatal day 1 (PND1) and decreased thereafter both in liver and lung. ALDH3 increased with age in liver and lung, although ALDH3A1 was only detectible in lung. Collectively, the present study indicates that, in the case of aldehyde exposure, the in vivo responses would be tissue and age dependent.     

Klinefelter综合征患者和双亲对诱变剂敏感性研究

为了解诱变剂对Ｋｌｉｎｅｆｅｌｔｅｒ综合征发生的影响，对Ｋｌｉｎｅｆｅｌｔｅｒ综合征患者，患者双亲及对照进行丝裂霉素Ｃ，乙醛或乙醇诱导非二倍体，染色体结构畸变及微核观察，发现丝裂霉素Ｃ诱导的患者当色体结构畸变和微核均显著多于对照和双亲，乙醛和乙醇能诱导非二倍体和微核增加，但患者和双亲增加的程度极显著高于对照，提示Ｋｌｉｎｅｆｅｌｔｅｒ综合征患者对于丝裂霉素Ｃ，乙醛和乙醇诱导染色体畸变更敏感。双亲对     

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of microencapsulated citral in rats and mice.

Citral, a widely used natural ingredient, is added to foods and cosmetics as a flavoring and fragrance agent. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to microencapsulated citral in the feed for 14 weeks or two years. All studies included untreated and vehicle control groups. In the 14-week studies, rats and mice were given diets containing 3,900, 7,800, 15,600, or 31,300 ppm citral. In rats, food consumption was reduced in the two highest dose groups. In mice an apparent increase in food consumption was observed, but was due to mice scattering the feed. Body weights of all treated animals were less than controls. All rats and four male mice were killed moribund in the high dose groups. In rats, forestomach and kidney lesions were observed. At the higher doses, lesions observed in the bone marrow, testes, and thymus in rats and in the ovary in mice were considered related to inanition and resultant moribundity. In the two-year studies, rats were exposed to 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 ppm citral. Body weights were reduced in the 4,000 ppm rats. Mice were exposed to 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm citral. Body weights in the 1,000 and 2,000 ppm groups were reduced. No neoplasms were attributed to citral in rats or mice. Malignant lymphoma occurred with a positive trend and was significantly greater than controls in female mice in the 2,000 ppm group. However, the incidences were within the NTP historical control range and could not be clearly related to citral administration.     

醛、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系

目的研究醛脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶基因多态性与三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎易感性的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,比较108例三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎病人和145例健康三氯乙烯接触工人醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)、醇脱氢酶2(ADH2)和醇脱氢酶3(ADH3)的基因多态性分布,并计算相对危险度(OR)。结果ADH2和ADH3基因型分布在病人与接触对照工人中无显著性差异;ALDH2变异型基因(ALDH2*1/*2+ALDH2*2/*2)频率在病人中显著低于接触对照工人(分别为27·8%和43·4%,P=0·011),使三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的危险性显著降低(OR=0·50,95%CI=0·29~0·85)。结论高活性ALDH2可能是导致三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎个体易感性差异的原因之一。     

醛糖还原酶基因多态性同2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的：研究醛糖还原酶(AR)基因启动子区C(-12)G多态性同2型糖尿病肾病(DN)发生及发展的相关性。方法：采用PCR-RFLP技术在209例2型糖尿病和84例对照组人群中筛查该位点等位基因及基因型的频率，比较在无肾病组及肾病各组中频率的差异，以推断AR基因是否参与了肾病的发生和进展。结果：G等位基因在肾病组的分布频率是87．2％，高于无肾病组的78．1％和正常对照组的77．4％；GG基因型在肾病组的分布频率是74．4％，高于无肾病组的63．8％和正常对照组的57．1％。结论：AR基因-12位点G等位基因及GG基因型是2型DN发生的独立危险因素。     

基于存在状态定量计算模型研究丹参注射液的醇沉精制机制

目的 基于成分存在状态定量计算模型,分析丹参注射液（Danshen Injection,DI）的醇沉工艺中酚酸类成分的传递规律。方法 以DI中水溶性酚酸类成分丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B为检测指标,基于纳滤传质数学模型,收集膜通量、截留率数据,拟合溶质传质系数,以分子态单体成分为参照,构建成分存在状态定量计算模型,进而分析中间体密度1.05、1.15、1.25 g/mL时,指标性成分醇沉至75%、85%的转移率与成分存在状态及相对分子质量的相关性,以期解明醇沉精制机制。结果 存在状态定量计算幂函数方程的相关性系数均大于0.99,DI中间体的密度为1.05～1.25 g/mL时,丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B分子态比例分别为1.14%～5.25%、66.70%～80.25%、10.51%～19.11%、1.13%～11.44%,对密度-分子态比例-醇沉转移率进行相关性分析,醇沉体积分数由75%增加至85%,转移率下降比例排序为丹参素钠＞丹酚酸B＞迷迭香酸＞原儿茶醛,成分存在状态为影响醇沉转移率的主导因素,且与成分相对分子质量存在一定相关性。结论 构建了DI中间体中酚酸类成分分子状态定量计算方法,初步阐明醇沉精制机制,有助于制剂醇沉工艺的标准化控制。     

正交试验优选平唐复方的醇提工艺和水提工艺

目的:优选平唐复方醇提工艺和水提工艺。方法:选择提取时间、乙醇体积分数和乙醇用量为考察因素,以藁本内酯、桂皮醛、甲基丁香酚转移率及干膏得率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优选醇提工艺。选择浸泡时间、加水量和提取时间为考察因素,葛根素、阿魏酸转移率及干膏得率的综合评分为指标,通过正交试验优选水提工艺。结果:最佳醇提工艺为当归、桂枝和细辛药材加8,6倍量50%乙醇提取2次,每次0.5 h;藁本内酯、桂皮醛及甲基丁香酚转移率分别为72.8%,70.5%,82.3%,干膏得率27.8%。最佳水提工艺为醇提后的药渣与葛根药材浸泡30 min,加12倍量水提取3次,每次0.5 h;葛根素和阿魏酸转移率分别为60.28%和21.89%,干膏得率18.43%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,醇溶性和水溶性有效成分提取率高,为平唐复方的药效评价提供了实验依据。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定脑血栓片中丹参素、原儿茶醛、芍药苷、阿魏酸和丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立同时测定脑血栓片中丹参素、原儿茶醛、芍药苷、阿魏酸和丹酚酸 B 含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Zorbax Extend-C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相:1%甲酸甲醇溶液(A)-1%甲酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱[0～8 min,A-B(8:92);8～23 min,A-B(8:92)→A-B(40:60)],流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃,检测器:DAD 检测器,检测波长为280 nm。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、芍药苷、阿魏酸和丹酚酸 B 的线性范围分别为0.072～0.72μg(r=0.9999),0.04～0.4μg(r=0.9999),0.032～0.32μg(r=0.9999),0.002～0.02μg(r=0.9993),0.08～0.8μg(r=0.9997);平均加样回收率(n=3)分别为97.2%,97.7%,98.3%,98.3%,96.7%。结论:本方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,适用于脑血栓片的质量控制。     

高效液相二极管阵列检测法同时测定丹参粉针剂中4种水溶性成分的含量

目的:建立高效液相二极管阵列检测法同时测定丹参粉针剂中丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和迷迭香酸4种水溶性成分的含量.方法:采用Diamonsil TM C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以5%冰醋酸和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温:30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为298nm.结果:在此色谱条件下4种水溶性成分可完全分离.丹参素、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛和迷迭香酸的线性范围分别为0.164 4～2.630μg(r=0.999 9),0.007 420～0.118 7 μg(r=1.000 0),0.008 770～0.140 3μg(r=1.000 0),0.019 44～0.31l 0μg(r=1.000 0).平均回收率丹参素为101.6%(RSD为1.1%),原儿茶酸为102.2%(RSD为1.8%),原儿茶醛为101.3%(RSD为2.0%),迷迭香酸为100.9%(RSD为1.6%).结论:本方法快速简便,4组分分离良好,可用于丹参粉针剂的质量控制.