原花青素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察原花青素（procyanidin,PC）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用，方法：结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）40min，复灌120min后复制出大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型，观察PC对大鼠心肌酶学，心梗面积和脂质过氧化的影响。结果：PC能减少心肌细胞磷酸肌酶激酶（CPK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的释放，明显缩小心肌梗死面积，能显提高大鼠血清和心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，降低心肌和血清脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）含量，结论：PC对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用，其机制可能与清除自由基，抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

葡萄籽原花青素预防大鼠动脉粥样硬化作用机制研究

目的在大鼠动脉粥样硬化（AS）模型发展过程中,应葡萄籽原花青素进行干预,探讨大鼠AS时葡萄籽原花青素对血总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）活性,及其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法将64只健康Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组;A空白对照组（普通饮食）;B模型组（丙基硫氧嘧啶＋维生素D3＋高脂、高胆固醇饮食）;C：银杏黄酮组（90mg/kg,ig/d）;D：葡萄籽原花青素组（90mg/kg,ig/d）。10周后测定TC、TG、HDL、LDL活性。结果B组TC、TG、LDL,较A组明显升高（P〈0.01）,HDL降低（P〈0.01）;C组TC、TG、LDL、较B组显著降低（P〈0.01）,而HDL升高（P〈0.01）。D组的作用优于C组（P〈0.05）。结论葡萄籽原花青素具有降脂、阻止AS早期主动脉壁粥样硬化发展的作用。     

基于网络药理学及实验验证探究清热利胆汤治疗胆汁瘀积性肝损伤的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学及实验验证探究清热利胆汤治疗胆汁瘀积性肝损伤的作用机制。方法采用网络药理学方法筛选清热利胆汤和胆汁瘀积性肝损伤相关的核心靶点,构建基于活性成分与疾病共同靶点的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,利用DAVID数据库对潜在作用靶点进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia ofgenesandgenomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,通过分子对接方法验证活性成分与关键靶点的结合作用。采用胆管结扎方法建立胆汁瘀积性肝损伤大鼠模型,给予思美泰及清热利胆汤进行干预,考察各组大鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanineaminotransferase,ALT)活性以及总胆红素(totalbilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)和总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)水平;考察各组大鼠肝组织病理变化;考察各组大鼠肝脏组织蛋白激酶Cα(protein kinase Cα,PRKCA)、原癌基因丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(protooncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase 1,RAF1)、双特异性丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,MAP2K1)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,MAPK1)m RNA表达情况。结果网络药理学分析显示,清热利胆汤可能通过作用于PRKCA、RAF1、MAP2K1和MAPK1靶点,参与MAPK信号通路,从而治疗胆汁瘀积性肝损伤;原花青素B2与MAP2K1、槲皮素与MAPK1具有较好的结合能力。与模型组比较,清热利胆汤组大鼠血清中ALT活性和TBA水平显著降低(P0.05),肝组织病理损伤得到改善;肝脏组织中PRKCA、MAP2K1和MAPK1 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05、0.01),RAF1 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P0.01)。结论清热利胆汤能够通过调控PRKCA、RAF1、MAP2K1和MAPK1,从而治疗胆汁瘀积性肝损伤。     

原花青素舒张家兔离体肺动脉的研究

目的:研究葡萄籽提取物原花青素(PC)对家兔离体肺动脉血管的舒张作用及机制.方法:采用家兔离体肺动脉平滑肌标本,以去甲肾上腺素(NA)预收缩后,给予PC(0.625,1.25,2.5 mg·L~(-1)),观察其舒张血管的量效关系;并分为对照组、PC组、Pc+吲哚美辛(1×10~(-5)mol.L~(-1)、PC+普萘洛尔(1×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1))、PC+左旋硝基精氨酸(1×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1))、Pc+甲烯蓝(1×10-5 mol.L~(-1))和PC+去内皮细胞7组,探讨PC舒张血管的机制;用PC(20 mg·L~(-1))温育标本后,观察Pc对NA(1 × 10~(-8)～1×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)),KCI(6.3～100 mmol·L~(-1))和cacl:(1×10~(-5)～1×10~(-2)mol·L~(-1))量效曲线的影响.结果:PC能明显舒张肺动脉血管,并有量效关系(r=0.69,P＜0.01);去除血管内皮、L-NNA或MB可抑制PC的舒张作用,但吲哚美辛和普萘洛尔无影响;PC能压低NA,KCI和CaCl_2的量效收缩曲线,三者的pD2分别由对照的(7.57±2.41),(1.74±1.19),(3.72±1.88)降低为(6.47±1.42),(1.07±1.12),(3.17±1.55);PC也能抑制NA引起的第Ⅰ时相收缩,对CaCl_2引起的第Ⅱ时相收缩无影响.结论:PC舒张肺动脉的作用是内皮依赖性,且与NO/cGMP介导有关;也可能是拮抗ROC和PDC通道,降低胞浆Ca~(2+)而舒张血管.     

Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma

Chloasma (melasma), an acquired hypermelanosis, is often recalcitrant to various treatments and an amenable, as well as safe, pigment-reducing modality is needed. We investigated that the reducing effect of proanthocyanidin, a powerful antioxidant, on chloasma in a one-year open design study. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) was orally administered to 12 Japanese woman candidates with chloasma for 6 months between August 2001 and January 2002 and to 11 of these 12 for 5 months between March and July 2002. Clinical observation, L* value (lightening) and melanin index, and size (length and width) measurements of chloasma were performed throughout the study period. The first 6 months of GSE intake improved or slightly improved chloasma in 10 of the 12 women (83%, p < 0.01) and following 5 months of intake improved or slightly improved chloasma in 6 of the 11 candidates (54%, p < 0.01). L* values also increased after GSE intake (57.8 +/- 2.5 at the start vs 59.3 +/- 2.3 at 6 months and 58.7 +/- 2.5 at the end of study). Melanin-index significantly decreased after 6 months of the intake (0.025 +/- 0.005 at the start vs 0.019 +/- 0.004 at 6 months) (p < 0.01), and also decreased at the end of study (0.021 +/- 0.005) (p < 0.05). GSE is effective in reducing the hyperpigmentation of women with chloasma. The beneficial effects of GSE was maximally achieved after 6 months and these was no further improvement after this period. The latter GSE intake for 5 months may prevent chloasma from becoming worse prior to the summer season. GSE is safe and useful for improving chloasma.     

葡多酚与辐照对小鼠S180肉瘤的协同抑制作用研究

为了探讨葡多酚对肿瘤放射的协同作用,将荷Ｓ１８０肉瘤小鼠分别给予＾６０Ｃｏγ射线局部照射,口服ＧＰＣ和局部照射加口服ＧＰＣ等不同方法处理,接种瘤细胞后第１２天,检测动物的瘤重,血白细胞计数,脾淋巴细胞转化率指标。     

Protective effects of grape seed procyanidin extract against nickel sulfate-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat testes

This study determined whether nickel sulfate (Ni)-induced reproductive damage occurs via apoptosis and oxidative stress and to examine the expression of Bax and c-kit and their effects on Ni exposure. The study also explored the protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) against Ni toxicity in the testes. Wistar rats were treated with normal saline, Ni alone (1.25, 2.5, and 5?mg/kg/day), and Ni (2.5?mg/kg/day) plus GSPE (50 and 100?mg/kg/day). After 30 days, Ni significantly decreased sperm motility and the percentage of S-phase cells and enhanced testicular apoptosis in the 2.5 and 5?mg groups. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and nitric oxide (NO) significantly increased. The decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the Ni groups showed that Ni could increase oxidative stress, especially at 2.5 and 5?mg. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Bax protein and c-kit increased in 2.5 and 5?mg Ni groups compared with controls. Conversely, these changes were partially attenuated in rats simultaneously administered GSPE, especially in the 100?mg group. These results demonstrate the following: (1) Ni exhibits reproductive toxicity in rats by decreasing sperm at concentrations of 2.5 and 5?mg; (2) intratesticular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and c-kit overexpression play pivotal roles in reproductive damage induced by Ni; and (3) GSPE enhances sperm motility by down-regulating c-kit expression and offsetting the apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by Ni by directly decreasing MDA and NO, scavenging H₂O₂, and down-regulating Bax expression.     

葡萄籽原花青素对肾血管性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的: 观察葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对肾血管性高血压(RH)大鼠血压的影响并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法: 采用两肾一夹(2K1C)法建立RH大鼠模型,并设假手术组(control,n=8)。术后2周,选取鼠尾动脉收缩压升至130 mmHg以上的大鼠32只为RH大鼠,随机分为4组(n=8):高血压模型组(RH model);GSP低剂量治疗组(low GSP,50 mg·kg^-1· d^-1);GSP高剂量治疗组(high GSP,200 mg·kg^-1· d^-1)和卡托普利阳性对照治疗组(captopril,30 mg·kg^-1· d^-1)。治疗6周后,分别测定大鼠血压、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、 丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC);Western blotting法检测腹主动脉中内皮素-1(ET-1)的蛋白表达。结果: 治疗6周后,与control组相比,RH model组大鼠的尾动脉收缩压明显升高(P<0.01);与RH model组相比,GSP能显著降低RH大鼠的尾动脉收缩压、MDA含量及主动脉组织中ET-1的蛋白表达(high GSP组),升高大鼠血清中SOD活性、NO含量(high GSP组)和T-AOC。结论: GSP能显著降低RH大鼠的尾动脉收缩压,其机制可能与其增强大鼠抗氧化能力,增加NO的产生和释放,降低血管内皮中ET-1的蛋白表达有关。     

越桔原花青素对大鼠心肌纤维化作用的影响

目的探讨越桔原花青素(procyanidin from Vaccini-um,PC)对大鼠心肌纤维化作用的影响及其机制。方法体内实验以异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline,Iso)5 mg.kg-1.d-1背部皮下注射,构建大鼠心肌纤维化模型,同时以灌胃方式给予PC 100、200、400 mg.kg-1.d-1,分光光度法检测左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)、丙二醛(ma-londialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dis-mutase,SOD)活性;电镜观察心肌超微结构变化。体外实验采用细胞培养技术以血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)建立新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblast,CFb)增殖模型,给予25、50和100 mmol.L-1的PC干预。采用四唑盐(MTT)比色法测定细胞增殖;ELISA法测定Ⅰ、Ⅲ胶原及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)蛋白的含量。结果PC可剂量依赖性地降低心肌组织中Hyp、MDA含量、增强SOD活性,同Iso组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),电镜结果显示:PC可缓解Iso所导致的心肌损伤。体外实验部分PC(25、50和100 mg.L-1)可抑制AngⅡ诱导的CFb增殖、胶原合成增加及TGF-β1蛋白含量增多,与AngⅡ组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论PC可通过抗氧化作用,抑制CFb的增殖及胶原的合成,进而抑制大鼠心肌纤维化,对心肌具有一定的保护作用。     

Procyanidin B-2, extracted from apples, promotes hair growth: a laboratory study

Summary Background We have previously reported that several selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, including procyanidin B‐2, promote hair epithelial cell growth and stimulate anagen induction. Objectives We discuss the hypothesis that the hair‐growing activity of procyanidin B‐2 is related to its downregulation or inhibition of translocation of PKC isozymes in hair epithelial cells. Methods We examined the effect of procyanidin B‐2 on the expression of PKC isozymes in cultured murine hair epithelial cells as well as PKC isozyme localization in murine dorsal skin at different stages in the hair cycle. Results We observed that procyanidin B‐2 reduces the expression of PKC‐α, ‐βΙ, ‐βΙΙ and ‐η in cultured murine hair epithelial cells and also inhibits the translocation of these isozymes to the particulate fraction of hair epithelial cells. Our immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that PKC‐α, ‐βΙ, ‐βΙΙ and ‐η are specifically expressed in the outer root sheaths of both anagen and telogen hair follicles. The hair matrix at the anagen stage showed no positive staining for these PKC isozymes. Moderate to intense staining for PKC‐βΙ and ‐βΙΙ in the epidermis and hair follicles was observed in a telogen‐specific manner; however, expression of PKC‐α and ‐η during the telogen stage was not conspicuous. Gö 6976, an inhibitor of calcium‐dependent (conventional) PKC, proved to promote hair epithelial cell growth. Conclusions These results suggest that PKC isozymes, especially PKC‐βΙ and ‐βΙΙ, play an important role in hair cycle progression and that the hair‐growing mechanisms of procyanidin B‐2 are at least partially related to its downregulation of PKC isozymes or its inhibition of translocation of PKC isozymes to the particulate fraction of hair epithelial cells.