全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3811篇 |
免费 | 335篇 |
国内免费 | 136篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 195篇 |
儿科学 | 41篇 |
妇产科学 | 351篇 |
基础医学 | 174篇 |
口腔科学 | 261篇 |
临床医学 | 244篇 |
内科学 | 261篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 55篇 |
特种医学 | 55篇 |
外国民族医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 1326篇 |
综合类 | 546篇 |
预防医学 | 109篇 |
眼科学 | 73篇 |
药学 | 129篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 81篇 |
肿瘤学 | 356篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 98篇 |
2022年 | 142篇 |
2021年 | 204篇 |
2020年 | 164篇 |
2019年 | 203篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 155篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 176篇 |
2014年 | 236篇 |
2013年 | 279篇 |
2012年 | 185篇 |
2011年 | 225篇 |
2010年 | 185篇 |
2009年 | 175篇 |
2008年 | 174篇 |
2007年 | 149篇 |
2006年 | 147篇 |
2005年 | 132篇 |
2004年 | 115篇 |
2003年 | 123篇 |
2002年 | 92篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 66篇 |
1999年 | 68篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4282条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Limb shortening is a problem associated with surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity in adolescents, as the tumors frequently occur near the epiphysis. Herein we report the use of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and an intermittent fixation method to preserve the growth function of epiphysis in an 11-year-old patient with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur.The 11-year-old male presented with left knee enlargement and pain for 2 weeks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy were consistent with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur. After preoperative chemotherapy, en bloc tumor resection was performed with margins based on MRI findings preserving the epiphyseal growth plate, the tumor cavity was filled with inactivated bone and bone cement, and a LISS was used to stabilize the femur. Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy was given. Approximately 105 weeks after surgery radiography showed that the distal end of the plate had moved superior to the epiphysis along with bone growth. Locking screws were placed in the distal part of the LISS plate to stabilize the re-implanted bone, and external fixation was not needed.The patient was able to walk with the crutches 1 week postoperatively, and bear weight on the extremity 6 weeks postoperatively. At 6 years after surgery, the patient''s height had increased 52 cm, shortening of the affected limb was only 1 cm, and the circumference of the affected limb was 2 cm smaller than that of the contralateral limb. There was no significant discomfort in the affected limb, and there was no gait abnormality. The patient could jump and run, and could participate in sports including basketball and badminton to the same degree as his peers.In summary, the novel method of bone reconstruction and fixation provided good results in a child with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. This fixation method preserves the osteogenic function of the epiphysis and restored bone integrity simultaneously, and provides good functional recovery. 相似文献
2.
目的 探讨不同器官保存液对大鼠肝脏透明质酸吸收率的影响 ,以评价它们对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用。方法 大鼠肝脏原位灌洗后 ,分别在UW液、Celsior液或Histidine Tryptopan Ketoglutarate液 (HTK液 )中低温保存 16和 2 4h ,然后用含透明质酸的Kreb Henseleit液在 37℃下连续循环灌注 90min ,分别于灌注 0、15、30、6 0和 90min时检测肝脏对外源性透明质酸的吸收率。结果 低温保存 16h ,再灌注 0、15、30、6 0和 90min时 ,3种保存液保存的肝脏对外源性透明质酸的吸收率均为负值 ,表明肝窦内皮细胞受到一定程度的损伤 ,但UW液和Celsior液对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用较HTK液为优 (P <0 .0 1) ;保存 2 4h者 ,UW液对肝窦内皮细胞的保护作用优于Celsior液和HTK液。结论 UW液对肝窦内皮细胞具有较强的保护作用 相似文献
3.
取正常成人心脏瓣膜36个,置于低浓度广谱抗生素的营养液(RP-MI1640细胞培养液)中灭菌48h,-80℃冰箱初冻,置于液氮中长期保存。灭菌前后瓣膜细菌培养阴性率分别为94.3%和100%,解冻后经光镜、电镜检查证实瓣组织细胞结构正常,组织培养葡萄糖消耗率测定示瓣组织存活良好。临床同种心脏瓣膜原位移植3例,随访6~30个月,瓣功能良好 相似文献
4.
5.
Abstract. A total of 81 rat kidney grafts, flushed out and cold stored in either Sacks' or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, were transplanted into hemodiluted (Hct = 30%± 4%) or untreated (Hct = 43%± 3%) recipients. The cold ischemia times (CIT) used were 24 and 36 h. One week after transplantation, the surviving recipients ( n = 67) were contralaterally nephrectomized. The experiment was terminated after a total period of 4 weeks, and the percentage of surviving animals was determined for each treatment. Data was pooled and the results show that grafts cold stored in UW solution were viable to a significantly greater extent and after longer CIT than grafts cold stored in Sacks' solution (47% vs 23%; P < 0. 05). Recipient hemodilution did not improve graft viability (39% vs 32%; NS). Kidneys cold stored for 24 h were viable to a greater extent than kidneys with a CIT of 36 h (50% vs 15%; P < 0. 01). 相似文献
6.
Takuro Yoshikawa Yasuyuki Suzuki Yasuhiro Fujino Keitaro Kakinoki Shiri Li Tadahiro Goto Tomohiro Tanaka Ippei Matsumoto Tetsuya Sakai Yasuki Tanioka Hiroshi Yokozaki Yoshikazu Kuroda 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(9):2135-2142
Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is associated with a high incidence of infectious complications because of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mucosal injury concomitant with potent immunosuppression. In this study, we evaluated whether the cavitary two-layer method (cTLM) could reduce I/R injury and allow early mucosal restoration, particularly after prolonged preservation and transplantation. Canine heterotopic segmental SBT was performed immediately without preservation (group 1), after 24-h preservation in UW solution (group 2) or by the cTLM (group 3). The graft samples were taken 1 h after reperfusion and on days 1, 4 and 7. We assessed graft mucosa with detailed microscopic and electromicroscopic analyses. In Group 3, histological injury and cell apoptosis after transplantation were significantly alleviated and rapidly recovered to a similar level of group 1. The mucosal restoration was morphologically completed within 4 days. In contrast, in group 2, more pronounced mucosal injury and delayed recovery were noted. Crypt cell proliferation activity was well maintained in groups 1 and 3 throughout the experimental period. Our ultrastructural analysis suggested that mitochondrial integrity achieved by the cTLM was a basal mechanism under the prompt mucosal restoration. The cTLM could reduce I/R injury, facilitate mucosal regeneration and restore the nearly normal structure early after SBT. 相似文献
7.
目的 探讨腺苷A1受体激动剂预处理延迟效应对保存大鼠心脏的影响及其机制。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为 8组 ,A、C组以高选择性腺苷A1受体激动剂 (CCPA)预处理 ;D、E、F组在CCPA预处理前分别注射锰 超氧化物歧化酶 (Mn SOD)反义、有意义、错配寡核苷酸 (ODN) ;B、G组注射生理盐水 ,H组只注射反义寡核苷酸。 2 4h后 ,A、B组用 4℃St.Thomas液保存 4h ,复灌 1h ,而另 6组采取低温缺血 3h ,复灌 1h。观测心功能、磷酸肌酸激酶 (CK mb)、三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)含量等。结果 A组左室内压上升与下降最大速率恢复率 (±dp/dtmax,% )为 6 2 .83± 17.2 7,6 6 .81± 18.99,心肌ATP含量 (10 3 μmol/g)为3.6 7± 1.4 2 ;而B组分别为 4 0 .4 1± 18.2 9,4 4 .70± 2 5 .14 ,1.4 6± 0 .5 4 ;A组均明显高于B组 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1orP <0 .0 5 )。C组±dp/dtmax恢复率、ATP、Mn SOD活性均明显高于D、G、H组 (P <0 .0 1orP <0 .0 5 ) ,而与E、F组比较 ,差异无显著性。结论 腺苷A1受体激动剂能诱导预处理的延迟效应 ,改善离体大鼠心脏的保存效果 ,而该效应与Mn SOD的高表达有关。 相似文献
8.
Keuk Shun Shin M.D. Seum Chung M.D. Hye Kyung Lee M.D. Jae Duk Lew M.D. 《Aesthetic plastic surgery》1996,20(1):69-76
Reduction mammaplasty was performed in 30 patients by combining the central pedicle flap method with the short submammary scar (3-S) technique to avoid the common drawbacks of currently popular dermoglandular procedures. Reduction was accomplished by using perforating vascular branches from the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia supplying the nipple and breast parenchyme instead of the subdermal plexus. The central vascular pedicle supplying the nipple-areola complex was preserved. Only the periphery of the breast parenchyme was resected circumferentially, with the exception of the inferolateral portion, so as not to injure the sensory nerve. The remaining breast parenchyme was preserved in an inverted cone shape. The nipple-areola complex was safely transposed with great freedom, and the amount of resection was accurately adjusted for symmetry. No cases of nipple-areola complex sensory change occurred postoperatively, and lactation is possible because of preservation of the lactiferous ducts. The length of postoperative scars was reduced by using the short submammary scar technique. We believe this combined method is ideal in patients requiring resections ranging from 200 to 600 g per breast with good skin elasticity and moderate degree of ptosis.Presented at the Sixth Asian Pacific Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, in Seoul, Korea, October 1993. 相似文献
9.
We studied 100 patients who underwent an isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) between 1974 and 1991. The patients were divided into the following two groups and compared: group A, which consisted of 40 patients operated on before 1978 who underwent continuous left coronary perfusion with blood; and group B, which consisted of 60 patients operated on after 1979 in whom St. Thomas solution was used in combination with topical cardiac cooling. Moreover, we divided the group B patients into two subgroups: group Bl, who underwent AVR before 1986 during which we administered St. Thomas solution with ice slush every 30 min; and group B2, who had AVR after 1986 in which we used St. Thomas solution with a cold saline (4°C) solution and treated with a small amount of slushed ice every 15 min. The incidence of supraventricular tachycardias was 15% in group A, 50% in group BI, and 15% in group B2. The severity of preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, the type of valve lesions, cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular function, aortic clamp time, bypass time, and use of drugs did not correlate with the incidence of supraventricular tachycardias in either group A or B. In group B2 patients, we paid a lot of attention to cooling the right atrium as well as the left ventricle by immersing the whole heart using a 4°C saline solution, which led to a remarkable reduction of the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia. This fact indicates that right atrial preservation is one of the most important factors for reducing the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia. 相似文献
10.
本文对4℃条件下不同时间保存后的外周血造血干细胞(peripheral bloodhematopoietic stem cells,PBHSC)数进行了动态观察。在本实验中以定向造血祖细胞(CFU-GM)作为观察PBHSC的指标。结果表明:随着保存时间的延长,PBHSC集落数逐渐下降;0小时与24小时保存后的干细胞数无显著差异;24小时与48、72、96、120小时保存后的干细胞数有高度显著差异;48小时与72、96、120小时保存后的干细胞数无显著差异。同时发现,红细胞的存在有利于PBHSC的4℃保存。 相似文献