开展药学信息学课程教学的必要性和方法探讨

目的：探讨药学高等教育中开设药学信息学课程的必要性和可行性。方法：通过剖析药学信息学的原理和内容，分析国内药学信息学教育的现状，提出开展药学信息学教育的方法。结栗：药学信息学教育是药学发展和高等教育改革的要求，开展药学信息学教育必须编写系统的专业教材，并注重培养学生的自我运用信息和处理信息的能力。结论：开展药学信息学教育是必要和迫切的。     

A super-combo-drug test to detect adverse drug events and drug interactions from electronic health records in the era of polypharmacy

Pharmacoinformatics research has experienced a great deal of successes in detecting drug-induced adverse events (AEs) using large-scale health record databases. In the era of polypharmacy, pharmacoinformatics faces many new challenges, and two significant challenges are to detect high-order drug interactions and to handle strongly correlated drugs. In this article, we propose a super-combo-drug test (SupCD-T) to address the aforementioned two challenges. SupCD-T detects drug interactions by identifying optimal drug combinations with increased AE risks. In addition, SupCD-T increases the statistical powers to detect single-drug effects by combining strongly correlated drugs. Although SupCD-T does not distinguish single-drug effects from their combination effects, it is noticeably more powerful in selecting an individual drug effect in the multiple regression analysis, where confounding justification between two correlated drugs reduces the power in testing the individual drug effects on AEs. Our simulation studies demonstrate that SupCD-T has generally better power comparing with the multiple regression analysis. In addition, SupCD-T is able to select meaningful drug combinations (eg, highly coprescribed drugs). Using electronic health record database, we illustrate the utility of SupCD-T and discover a number of drug combinations that have increased risk in myopathy. Some novel drug combinations have not yet been investigated and reported in the pharmacology research.     

药学信息技术

药学的发展对信息技术提出了新的要求，信息技术又促进了药学的发展。药学信息技术的进步，将导致医药领域生产力模型和药学工作模式的变革，提高医药人员开发利用医药信息资源的能力，促进医药信息经济的发展。药学信息技术具有辅人律、拟人律和共生律等发展规律。