全文获取类型
收费全文 | 161篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 3篇 |
基础医学 | 66篇 |
口腔科学 | 5篇 |
临床医学 | 14篇 |
内科学 | 32篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 12篇 |
特种医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 1篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 11篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有172条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《Seminars in immunology》2015,27(6):369-378
Macrophages are important for tissue development, homeostasis as well as immune response upon injury or infection. For a long time they were only seen as one uniform group of phagocytes with a common origin and similar functions. However, this view has been challenged in the last decade and revealed a complex diversity of tissue resident macrophages. Here, we want to present the current view on macrophage development and tissue specification and we will discuss differences as well as common patterns between heterogeneous macrophage subpopulations. 相似文献
2.
Increased phagocytic capacity of the blood,but decreased phagocytic activity per individual circulating neutrophil after an ultradistance run 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Holger Gabriel Hans-Josef Müller Karin Kettler Lars Brechtel Axel Urhausen Wilfried Kindermann 《European journal of applied physiology》1995,71(2-3):281-283
The effect of a long strenuous endurance exercise on the phagocytic function of neutrophils was examined. 9 athletes [7 males, 2 females, age: 36–68 years, body mass: 64 (SD 10) kg, height: 175 (SD 10) cm] completed a competetive 100 km run in 8:07 (median value; range: 7:29–9:50 hours). In a whole blood assay the phagocytosis of opsonized E. coli, the receptor density of the Fc receptor 3 (CD16) and the complement receptor 3 (CD11b, direct immunofluorescence) of neutrophils were measured on a per cell basis by flow cytometry before and up to 3 hours after the race. The phagocytic rate (percentage of neutrophils incorporating bacteria) was unchanged after exercise, whereas the phagocytic activity (number of incorporated bacteria per cell) was significantly reduced by –34 (SD 8) % (Wilcoxon test, P<0.001). The total phagocytic capacity of the blood increased 2-3fold post exercise. The surface antigen expressions of CD11b and CD16 were unaffected by the ultradistance run. The results indicate either a reduced phagocytic function of neutrophils on a single cell basis or the mobilization of neutrophils of the marginal pool with a lower phagocytic activity. However, after a long endurance exercise the phagocytotic capacity of the blood was enhanced due to increased cell concentrations. 相似文献
3.
L. V. Koval'chuk B. Bayart L. V. Gankovskaya 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1989,108(3):1313-1316
Department of Immunology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR R. V. Petrov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 108, No. 9, pp. 340–342, September, 1989. 相似文献
4.
Witida Laopajon Nuchjira Takheaw Watchara Kasinrerk 《Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry》2016,37(5):527-539
The current available assays cannot differentiate the stages of phagocytosis. We, therefore, established methods for concurrent detection of antigen attachment and engulfment by phagocyte using latex beads coated with lipopolysaccharide, rabbit IgG, and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester. The generated beads were incubated with whole blood at 37°C for 1 hr and stained with PE-Cy5.5 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. By flow cytometry, attachment and phagocytic processes could be detected, simultaneously. The established method is a valuable tool for diagnosis of phagocytic disorder and study of molecules involved in phagocytosis. 相似文献
5.
A direct comparison of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) effects on neutrophil adhesiveness has been carried out. In vitro, GM-CSF and G-CSF upregulate neutrophil CD11b to a similar degree (to 227 +/- 69%, and 232 +/- 70% of control cells, respectively, p < 0.0005), but GM-CSF is more effective in downregulating neutrophil leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1), reducing levels to 33 +/- 4% (p < 0.0005), while G-CSF causes a fall to only 65 +/- 17% (p < 0.005) of control. The concentration of GM-CSF needed to achieve maximal activity is at least one log less than that of G-CSF. In vivo, both GM-CSF and G-CSF upregulate neutrophil CD11b (to 296 +/- 45% and 370 +/- 150%, respectively of baseline), but surface levels of LAM-1 on circulating cells are unchanged. GM-CSF increased neutrophil adhesion to cultured human endothelium in vitro (from 9.3 +/- 0.7% to 15.4 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.0005, n = 10), while G-CSF was without effect. In vivo, both GM-CSF and G-CSF produce a transient leucopenia, but recovery of peripheral counts occurs much earlier (by 60 minutes) with G-CSF, than with GM-CSF (only 50% of cells have demarginated at 120 min). GM-CSF appears to be greater proadhesive agonist for neutrophils than G-CSF. 相似文献
6.
M. Velvart K. Fehr A. Baici G. Sommermeyer M. Knöpfel M. Cancer P. Salgam A. Böni 《Rheumatology international》1981,1(3):121-130
Summary Using a specific substrate, no leucocyte elastase activity could be detected in 55 synovial fluids, including 29 from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a high percentage of samples contained phagocytic inclusions of elastase, 1-proteinase inhibitor (1-PI) and 2-macroglobulin (2-MG) in both the polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes. Immunofluorescence and indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of articular cartilage (ACA) from 52% of 21 patients with RA and one with juvenile RA (JRA) showed presence of elastase in the superficial layer of microscopically intact but proteoglycan depleted pannus-free ACA. In histologically altered pannus-free RA-ACA superficial elastase deposits were found in 24% of the cases. Adjacent ACA sections contained IgG, C 3, 1-PI and rarely 2-MG. RA-ACA below or surrounded by pannus showed close contact with intact and decaying PMN in 62% and 48% of the cases, respectively. ACA specimens from patients with degenerative disease and systemic lupus were negative. These findings strongly suggest that PMN leucocyte elastase is operative in the degradation of RA-ACA and JRA-ACA, and that this activity is largely dependent upon the presence of entrapped immune complexes in such cartilage. 相似文献
7.
Daphne A. C. Stapels Kasra X. Ramyar Markus Bischoff Maren von K?ckritz-Blickwede Fin J. Milder Maartje Ruyken Janina Eisenbeis William J. McWhorter Mathias Herrmann Kok P. M. van Kessel Brian V. Geisbrecht Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2014,111(36):13187-13192
Neutrophils are indispensable for clearing infections with the prominent human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we report that S. aureus secretes a family of proteins that potently inhibits the activity of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs): neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3, and cathepsin G. The NSPs, but not related serine proteases, are specifically blocked by the extracellular adherence protein (Eap) and the functionally orphan Eap homologs EapH1 and EapH2, with inhibitory-constant values in the low-nanomolar range. Eap proteins are together essential for NSP inhibition by S. aureus in vitro and promote staphylococcal infection in vivo. The crystal structure of the EapH1/NE complex showed that Eap molecules constitute a unique class of noncovalent protease inhibitors that occlude the catalytic cleft of NSPs. These findings increase our insights into the complex pathogenesis of S. aureus infections and create opportunities to design novel treatment strategies for inflammatory conditions related to excessive NSP activity.Infections with the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus constitute a major risk to human health. Although this bacterium harmlessly colonizes more than 30% of the population via the nose or skin, it causes severe morbidity and mortality upon invasion of deeper tissues (1). To avert these serious infections, neutrophils play an indispensable role (2). Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), including neutrophil elastase (NE), proteinase 3 (PR3), and cathepsin G (CG), are important for various neutrophil functions. Active NSPs are stored within the azurophilic granules (3), but upon neutrophil activation, they either enter the nucleus to regulate extracellular trap (NET) formation (4) or they are released into the extracellular milieu to kill certain bacteria (5), cleave bacterial virulence factors (5, 6), or regulate immune responses by cleaving chemokines and receptors (7). Recently, a fourth neutrophil serine protease, denoted NSP4, was identified (8).Given the central role of NSPs in neutrophil function, we wondered whether S. aureus had evolved mechanisms to cope with NSPs. In this study, we discover that S. aureus secretes a family of proteins that specifically and potently block NSPs: extracellular adherence protein (Eap) and the hitherto functional orphans Eap-homologue (EapH) 1 and 2. Structural studies presented here show that Eap molecules represent a unique class of noncovalent NSP inhibitors that is distinct from the well-known chelonianin class of inhibitors. These mechanistic insights can initiate development of novel, broad-range NSP inhibitors to be used in various inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, these insights increase our understanding of the pathogenicity of S. aureus and underline the exceptional capability of this pathogen to adapt to its host by modulating the immune response. 相似文献
8.
Hydrophobic sodium fluoride‐based nanocrystals doped with lanthanide ions: assessment of in vitro toxicity to human blood lymphocytes and phagocytes
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Bartlomiej Sojka Miroslava Kuricova Aurelia Liskova Maria Bartusova Mateusz Banski Jan Misiewicz Maria Dusinska Mira Horvathova Eva Jahnova Silvia Ilavska Michaela Szabova Eva Rollerova Artur Podhorodecki Jana Tulinska 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2014,34(11):1220-1225
In vitro immunotoxicity of hydrophobic sodium fluoride‐based nanocrystals (NCs) doped with lanthanide ions was examined in this study. Although there is already a significant amount of optical and structural data on NaYF4 NCs, data on safety assessment are missing. Therefore, peripheral whole blood from human volunteers was used to evaluate the effect of 25 and 30 nm hydrophobic NaYF4 NCs dissolved in cyclohexane (CH) on lymphocytes, and of 10 nm NaYF4 NCs on phagocytes. In the concentration range 0.12–75 µg cm?2 (0.17–106 µg ml?1), both 25 and 30nm NaYF4 NCs did not induce cytotoxicity when measured as incorporation of [3H]‐thymidine into DNA. Assessment of lymphocyte function showed significant suppression of the proliferative activity of T‐lymphocytes and T‐dependent B‐cell response in peripheral blood cultures (n = 7) stimulated in vitro with mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed (PWM) (PHA > PWM). No clear dose–response effect was observed. Phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of leukocytes (n = 5–8) were generally less affected. A dose‐dependent suppression of phagocytic activity of granulocytes in cultures treated with 25 nm NCs was observed (vs. medium control). A decrease in phagocytic activity of monocytes was found in cells exposed to higher doses of 10 and 30 nm NCs. The respiratory burst of phagocytes was significantly decreased by exposure to the middle dose of 30 nm NCs only. In conclusion, our results demonstrate immunotoxic effects of hydrophobic NaYF4 NCs doped with lanthanide ions to lymphocytes and to lesser extent to phagocytes. Further research needs to be done, particularly faze transfer of hydrophobic NCs to hydrophilic ones, to eliminate the solvent effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Timothy J. Wilson Simon Clare Joseph Mikulin Christopher M. Johnson Katherine Harcourt Paul A. Lyons Gordon Dougan Kenneth G. C. Smith 《Immunology》2020,159(4):393-403
Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 9 (SLAMF9) is an orphan receptor of the CD2/SLAM family of leucocyte surface proteins. Examination of SLAMF9 expression and function indicates that SLAMF9 promotes inflammation by specialized subsets of antigen-presenting cells. Within healthy liver and circulating mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SLAMF9 is expressed on CD11b+, Ly6C−, CD11clow, F4/80low, MHC-II+, CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes as well as plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In addition, SLAMF9 can be found on peritoneal B1 cells and small (F4/80low), but not large (F4/80high), peritoneal macrophages. Upon systemic challenge with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Slamf9−/− mice were impaired in their ability to clear the infection from the liver. In humans, SLAMF9 is up-regulated upon differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of PMA-differentiated, SLAMF9 knockdown THP-1 cells showed an essential role of SLAMF9 in production of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Taken together, these data implicate SLAMF9 in the initiation of inflammation and clearance of bacterial infection. 相似文献
10.
目的寻求建立小鼠肺纤维化模型的改良方案。方法雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为单次和多次注射模型组。单次注射模型组分为博莱霉素100、150、200 mg/kg组及对照组1;多次注射模型组分为博莱霉素50 mg/kg组及对照组2。取小鼠肺组织行病理检查,免疫组化检测肺Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、TGF-β1和α-SMA的表达。结果在单次注射模型组中,100、150、200 mg/kg组的肺泡炎均于第2周达峰(P0.01);肺纤维化分别在第2、4、4周达峰(P0.01)。在多次注射模型组中,50 mg/kg组肺泡炎和肺纤维化均在第10周达峰(P0.05)。TGF-β1和α-SMA在肺泡炎和纤维化部位表达明显增加。结论尾静脉单次注射博莱霉素200mg/kg可有效诱导肺纤维化,复制一个相对稳定的肺纤维化模型。 相似文献