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Previous study conducted in our department showed that 50% ethanolic extract of the root of Ricinus communis possess reversible antifertility effect and a 62‐kDa protein (Rp) from this extract is responsible for the antifertility effects. In this study, we compared the spermicidal effect of this Rp with nonoxynol‐9 (N‐9) in vitro. The sperm immobilisation studies showed that 100 μg ml?1 of Rp was able to immobilise the sperms completely within 30 s. Sperm revival test revealed that the spermicidal effect was irreversible. There was also a significant reduction in sperm viability and hypo‐osmotic swelling in Rp and N‐9 treated groups in comparison with the control. In Rp and N‐9 treated groups, the number of acrosome‐reacted cells was found to be high and also caused agglutination of the spermatozoa, indicating the loss of intactness of the plasma membrane, which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5′‐nucleotidase, acrosomal acrosin. In short, the protein Rp possesses spermicidal activity in vitro and its effects are similar to that of nonoxynol 9.  相似文献   
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At the end of 2003, 42 million people were HIV infected and the epidemic continues to spread, despite the availability and effectiveness of male condoms. For many women negotiating condom use is not feasible. Therefore there is an urgent need for a female controlled method for HIV prevention. This article gives an overview of the clinical research done with microbicides, chemicals with the potential to prevent an HIV infection. In the 1990s most research was done with spermicides, mainly nonoxynol-9. Since the results of the COL-1492 trial became available, new products were evaluated and some of them are now in phase III trials.  相似文献   
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Allergic contact dermatitis due to nonylphenol ethoxylate (nonoxynol-6)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The non-ionic emulsifier "nonoxynol-6" found in an industrial waterless hand cleanser induced allergic contact dermatitis on the upper extremities of a uranium mill maintenance worker. The chemical is an irritant for the rabbit. It was not shown to be a cutaneous sensitizer for the albino guinea pit using the guinea pig maximization test.  相似文献   
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复方苦参凝胶节育与抗炎的体内实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:研究复方苦参凝胶体内节育及抗炎的效果。方法:①节育实验:将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水组,空白凝胶组,复方苦参凝胶低(0.05 g生药/g)、中(0.10 g生药/g)、高剂量(0.15 g生药/g)组以及阳性对照(4%壬苯醇醚凝胶)组,每组10只。按上述分组雌鼠阴道内给予相应药物各200μl,然后雌雄大鼠按1∶1合笼,进行交配。在交配成功后的第12天剖腹观察雌鼠孕珠数,并计算避孕率;②抗炎实验:采用小鼠耳廓双面均匀涂抹二甲苯的致炎模型,将60只昆明种小鼠随机分为6组,分组同前,计算小鼠单侧耳的肿胀度及肿胀抑制率。结果:复方苦参凝胶高剂量组能显著抑制雌鼠的孕珠数,其孕珠数为0.00±0.00,显著低于生理盐水组(11.00±2.00,P<0.05),而与阳性对照组(0.00±0.00)比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),其避孕率为100%;在小鼠耳廓二甲苯致炎模型中,高剂量组同样能显著抑制其肿胀程度,其平均肿胀程度为10.17±2.56,显著低于生理盐水组(21.32±3.17,P<0.01),而与阳性对照组比较无统计学意义(8.53±1.89,P>0.05),其肿胀抑制率为52.3%。结论:复方苦参凝胶有较好的节育及抗炎作用,值得进一步开发并应用于临床。  相似文献   
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目的:观察复方凝胶制剂的体外杀精效果。方法:采用改良的Sander—Cramer方法。结果:复方凝胶制剂浓度在0.5mg/ml时20s内全部杀死精子。结论:复方凝胶制剂体外杀精最低浓度为0.5mg/ml。  相似文献   
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壬苯醇醚栓的研制及体外溶出度的测定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
 目的:为延长避孕有效时间研制一种新型壬苯醇醚栓,对其进行理化性质、稳定性及溶出度考察,并与市售的两种壬苯醇醚栓比较。方法:参考中国药典1990年版溶出度测定法项下条件,进行3种栓的体外溶出实验。采用UV三阶导数光谱法测定样品液浓度,计算累积溶出量。HPLC测定栓中壬苯醇醚的含量。室温留样法及加速实验法进行稳定性考察。结果:研制栓的T50为99.30min,6h释放75%。国内市售栓T50为7.85min,Encare栓T50为15.31min,两者1h释放均达90%。壬苯醇醚栓室温存放一年,或37℃、相对湿度75%存放6个月,理化性质及含量无明显变化。结论:研制的壬苯醇醚栓有较好的稳定性,在有效时间方面优于Encare栓及国产市售栓。  相似文献   
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茶皂素对壬苯醇醚杀精增效作用的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 :观察茶皂素对壬苯醇醚 (N 9)的杀精增效作用。 方法 :按照国际计划生育基金会体外杀精试验改良法 ,测定N 9、茶皂素及其混合液对家兔精子 2 0s、3min的最低杀精浓度。 结果 :混合液中N 9、茶皂素于 2 0s、3min时的最低杀精浓度分别为 (0 .13± 0 .0 5 )、(2 .4 0± 1.0 7)g/L和 (0 .0 5± 0 .0 1)、(1.2 7± 0 .38)g/L ,均明显低于各自于 2 0s、3min时的单独使用剂量 (0 .4 8± 0 .15 )、(5 .78± 1.4 0 )g/L和 (0 .34± 0 .0 8)、(1.71± 0 .18)g/L ,P均 <0 .0 1。 结论 :茶皂素对N 9体外杀精避孕具有增效作用 ,两者有明显的协同作用。  相似文献   
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