海南萝芙木季胺碱——大斯配加春的结构

从海南萝芙木生产“降压灵”的母液中,分得一新的二聚体生物碱,命名为大斯配加春(macrospegatrine)。根据红外、紫外、质谱、氢谱及单晶X—射线衍射确定结构为Ⅰ式(图1)。     

The effect of comonomer composition, silane heating, and filler type on aqueous TEGDMA leachability in model resin composites

Experimental composites using either bisGMA/TEGDMA or UEDMA/ TEGDMA matrices, quartz or barium glass fillers, and 2 different filler silanization methods were evaluated regarding monomer leachability in distilled water. The leached amount was detected and quantified using gas chromatography. The results showed that twice as much TEGDMA is leached from a bisGMA/TEGDMA based composite than from an UEDMA/ TEGDMA based composite, when both contain 50 wt% TEGDMA. The hypothesis suggested that the higher degree of cure of UEDMA/TEGDMA based composites would be reflected in a lower monomer leaching value, and this hypothesis was supported by the findings. Whether such a correlation exists within groups of UEDMA/TEGDMA based matrices having different degrees of cure was not determined and needs to be investigated in future studies. Variables such as filler composition and silane treatment did not affect the leaching values of TEGDMA in water. That finding suggests that future studies should target differences in matrices, and that the need for considering effects of filler composition and silane treatment methods should not receive the same priority.     

中药黄精中的新生物碱

中药黄精中的新生物碱孙隆儒１）王素贤李铣（沈阳药科大学天然药物研究室，沈阳１１００１５）黄精为百合科黄精属植物黄精（ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｓｉｂｉｒｉｃｕｍＲｅｄｏｕｔｅ）的根茎，具有补气养阴、ＦｉｇＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ健脾、...     

Fagaronine,a novel antileukaemic alkaloid

A review is presented about fagaronine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid responsible for antitumoural activity. Plant source, extraction, biosynthesis, medicinal properties, especially antileukaemic activity, are described.     

分光光度法测定抗风痛胶囊中总生物碱的含量

目的：采用分光光度法对抗风痛胶囊中总生物碱进行含量测定。方法：采用将生物碱变成盐酸生物碱，再和溴麝香草酚蓝络合反应后，用氯仿萃取出总生物碱比色测定。结果：与HPLC法测定结果相比，分光光度法对抗风痛胶囊中总生物碱进行含量测定结果可靠。结论：本方法能够作为抗风痛胶囊质量控制方法之一。     

Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and a receptor subtype (KDR/flk-1) in the liver of rats exposed to riddelliine: a potential role in the development of hemangiosarcoma

Riddelliine alters hepatocellular and endothelial cell kinetics and function including stimulating an increase in hepatocytic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the absence of increased serological levels of VEGF (Nyska etal. 2002). The objective of this study was to further assess hepatic VEGF and KDR/flk-1 synthesis and expression by hepatic cells under riddelliine treatment conditions. Forty-two male F344/N rats were dosed by gavage with riddelliine (0, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Seven animals/group were sacrificed after 8 consecutive daily doses; remaining rats were terminated after 30 daily doses, excluding weekends. Hepatic tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results showed that VEGF mRNA expression was observed in control and treated animals; however, qualitative differences were noted. Treated animals exhibited VEGF mRNA in clustered, focal hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium, whereas VEGF mRNA in hepatocytes from vehicle control rats was distributed evenly across all hepatocytes. Results evaluating the distribution of the VEGF cognate receptor, KDR/flk-1 showed that randomly distributed, rare sinusoidal endothelium, including those demonstrating karyomegaly and cytomegaly expressed KDR/flk-1. Phosphorylation of KDR/flk-1 at pTyr996 and pTyr1054/1059, but not pTyr951, was also detected, evidence that endothelial cell KDR/flk-1 was activated. These results suggest that both hepatocytes and endothelial cells are targets of riddelliine-induced injury. We speculate that damage to both populations of cells may lead to dysregulated VEGF synthesis by hepatocytes and activation of KDR/flk-1 by endothelium leading to the induction of sustained endothelial cell proliferation, culminating in the development of hepatic hemangiosarcoma.     

Novel Semi‐Fluorinated Poly(ether imide)s Derived From 4‐(p‐Aminophenoxy)‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐aminobiphenyl

An unsymmetrical diamine monomer 4‐(p‐aminophenoxy)‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐aminobiphenyl has been synthesized successfully. This monomer leads to the synthesis of different novel poly(ether imide)s when reacted with different dianhydrides like pyromellatic dianhydride (PMDA), benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA), 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (6FDA), and oxy diphthalic anhydride (ODA). The poly(ether imide) prepared from this monomer on reaction with 6FDA is soluble in several organic solvents such as N‐methylpyrolidinone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and CHCl₃. The poly(ether imide)s prepared from BTDA and ODA are soluble in NMP, DMF, and DMAc but not in THF or CHCl₃, whereas the polymer prepared from PMDA is soluble only in NMP. The water uptake value for these poly(ether imide) films is very low (0.2–0.5%), and exhibited low dielectric constants (2.81 at 1 MHz). The polymers exhibited high thermal stability up to 532 °C in air for 5% weight loss, and high glass transition temperatures up to 288 °C. The polymer exhibited high tensile strength up to 135 MPa, modulus 3.2 GPa, and elongation at break up to 25%, depending on the exact polymer structure.

The structure of the poly(ether imide) synthesised from 4‐(p‐aminophenoxy)‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐aminobiphenyl and 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane. This polymer was soluble in many organic solvents.     

Precipitation of fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products and fibrin monomer by histone H3

Incubation of histone H3 with normal citrated plasma resulted in the formation of insoluble aggregates, as determined by turbidity measurements. The precipitate was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, confirming that fibrinogen was a major component. Purified fibrinogen precipitated rapidly as determined with turbidity experiments and experiments with radioiodinated protein. The amount of fibrinogen precipitation was strongly dependent on H3 concentration. Variation of ionic strength (0.2-0.84) and pH (5.3-7.4), however, had little or no effect on the reaction. Fibrinogen subjected to gelatin-Sepharose chromatography or dialysis against 3.3M urea reacted equivalently with H3. Precipitation of 125I-fibrinogen by H3 was strongly favored by increasing temperature (4 degrees-45 degrees C). Precipitation of fibrinogen by protamine was maximized by decreasing the temperature. In addition, formation of insoluble fibrinogen-protamine aggregates was highly dependent on ionic strength and pH, suggesting that different types of protein-interaction are involved in the two studied precipitation reactions. Of the fibrinogen degradation products, only fragment X precipitated significantly when incubated with H3. Radioiodinated fibrin monomer also precipitated when incubated with H3 in solutions of sufficient ionic strength to prevent spontaneous polymerization. The extent of precipitation was equivalent for fibrin monomer and fibrinogen. Fragment D inhibited the precipitation of fibrinogen by H3 or protamine. These studies indicate that the proteins termed "paracoagulants" are not all equivalent and that the hydrophobic domain of H3 plays a critical role in fibrinogen precipitation.     

云南萝芙木根中吲哚生物碱及其抗菌活性

目的 研究云南萝芙木Rauvolfia yunnanensis根中的吲哚类生物碱化学成分及抗菌活性,明确该植物抗菌活性成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、RP-C₁₈、Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,结合波谱数据及文献参数对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法对单体化合物进行抗菌活性评价。结果 从云南萝芙木根醋酸乙酯部位共分离得到20个吲哚类生物碱化合物,分别鉴定为维诺任碱（1）、霹雳萝芙木碱（2）、四叶萝芙木新碱（3）、萝加灵（4）、西特斯日钦碱（5）、缝籽木醇（6）、柯楠醇（7）、二氢柯楠醇（8）、毛茶碱（9）、异毛茶碱（10）、佩立任碱（11）、10-羟基-16-表-花菊醇（12）、育亨宾（13）、降马枯星碱B（14）、洛柯碱（15）、阿枯米定碱（16）、去乙酰阿枯米灵（17）、利血平（18）、哈尔满碱（19）、梅林诺宁F（20）。其中化合物20对白色念球菌表现出较好的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）值为3.12μg/mL,与临床抗真菌药物氟康唑的MIC值相同。化合物1、11对大肠杆菌,化合物11、13、20对枯草芽孢杆菌均表现出一定的抗菌活性,MIC值为6.25～12.50 μg/mL,活性与植物源抗菌药物小檗碱相当。结论 化合物20为首次从萝芙木属中分离得到,化合物6、8～13、16～18均为首次从该植物中分离得到,部分单体化合物表现出潜在抗菌活性。     

海绵中抗肿瘤抗病毒生物活性的生物碱研究进展

海绵中含有很多结构新颖且具有显著生物活性的生物碱。对近5年来具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒生物活性的生物碱加以概括。