克隆特含漱液毒性实验研究

目的探讨克隆特会激液对实验动物的毒性反应。方法小鼠灌胃给药、大鼠局部给药，连续观察14d内动物的毒性反应；将克隆特含激浪涂数干实验动物的完整和破损皮肤上，观察局部刺激作用、皮肤过敏反应；将克隆特含激法0．1ml缓慢注入明道内，每日一次，连续1wk，观察用道粘膜组织有无充血、水肿现象。结果克隆特合漱液小鼠灌胃30ml·kg-1体重（含甲硝吐150mg）无毒性反应；局部用药量为5ml·kg-1体重（合甲硝唑25mg）亦未出现毒性反应；对皮肤及明道粘膜无明显刺激作用，亦未见皮肤过敏反应。结论克隆特合漱法局部用药较安全。     

An observer blind trial of co-amoxiclav versus cefuroxime plus metronidazole in the prevention of postoperative wound infection after general surgery

A consecutive series of 509 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were entered into a randomized, observer and patient blind, controlled, prospective, study to evaluate the efficiency of co-amoxiclav (‘Augmentin’, SmithKline Beecham, UK) compared with cefuroxime (‘Zinacef’ Glaxo, UK) plus metronidazole (Flagyl, M&B, UK) for the prevention of postoperative wound infections. One or three doses of antibiotics were given depending on the type of surgery and operative factors. Co-amoxiclav was given to 230 patients with a total wound infection rate of 5·6% and cefuroxime plus metronidazole were given to 225 patients with a total wound infection rate of 3%. The difference between infection rates was not significant. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic details, type and duration of surgery, risk factors associated with surgical procedures and postoperative management. Although not statistically significant, a difference in the wound infection rate for those patients undergoing colorectal surgery was seen: for the co-amoxiclav group and for the cefuroxime/ metronidazole group. The estimated cost to our hospital (October 1993) of one dose of co-amoxiclav was less that half the cost of cefuroxime and metronidazole. This study demonstrates that co-amoxiclav is an effective prophylactic antibiotic for abdominal surgery.     

A systematic review on the treatment of giardiasis

To assess the efficacy of treatment of parasitological excretion of cysts and trophozoites and symptoms of patients with giardiasis, a systematic review of published randomized clinicial trials was conducted through extensive searches in Medline, Embase and Current Contents from 1966 till 1996 as well as manual reviews of 28 journals. The methodological quality of all trials was assessed by guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Thirty‐one trials were included, only one of which had no serious methodological flaws. The mean score of parasitological examination was 4.8 out of a possible 15. There was a considerable effect in cure rate of treatment versus placebo (odds 9.3, 95%CI 4.69–18.4), but all 3 trials in this comparison had serious flaws. Metronidazole treatment over more than 3 days seems to achieve a better parasitological cure rate than other long treatment courses (pooled odds 2.6, 95% 1.7–3.8), but trials are clinically and statistically heterogeneous. Single‐dose therapy is as effective as longer treatment courses (pooled odds 0.67, 95% 0.31–1.44). Within the single‐dose regimens tinidazole (2 g) reaches a higher parasitological cure rate than other short therapies (pooled odds 55, 95% CI 3.7–8.3) with relatively few side‐effects. Placebo‐controlled trials with parasitological and clincial outcomes are needed.     

肠道贾第虫病42例的临床分析

目的 :观察贾第虫病的临床表现及甲硝唑对贾第虫病的治疗作用。方法 :用甲硝唑治疗 42例贾第虫病患者 ,剂量为 0 .4g,日 3次 ,连服 7～ 10 d为一疗程 ,其中服 1个疗程的有 3 5例 ,服 2个疗程的有 5例 ,服 3个疗程的有 2例。结果 :经治疗后 ,全部患者的症状如腹泻及 (或 )腹痛等胃肠道症状均消失 ,粪检结果恢复正常。患者服药期间的不良反应轻 ,仅有轻微的胃肠道反应 ,如恶心、厌食等。结论 :甲硝唑治疗贾第虫病具有疗效好、耐受性好的优点     

Treatment of malignant gliomas in adults with BCNU plus metronidazole

Summary Twenty-six adult patients with astrocytomas were treated with BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) 180–240 mg/m² 1.V. every 6–9 weeks, with metronidazole 1.5 g/m² p. o. 12 h and 1 h before BCNU and again 6 h and 24 h after BCNU. Of twenty-two evaluable patients, 9 (41%) responded with evidence of reduced tumor size on CT scan, 3 (14%) stabilized and 10 (45%) failed. Patients with no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy, good performance. status, low grade tumors, and age 50 years had the highest response rates, although differences were not statistically significant. Median survival and duration of response have not been reached with a median follow-up time of ten months. Hematological toxicity was dose-limiting and was probably not augmented by the metronidazole. There was one death from infection that was possibly drug-related. Gastrointestinal toxicity was substantial, and was probably increased by the metronidazole.While the combination of BCNU and metronidazole were tolerable, the response rate seen was no higher than that noted for BCNU alone, and further studies using this dose-schedule are not recommended in astrocytomas.Presented at the 13th International Congress of Chemotherapy, Vienna Austria, August 1983.     

甲硝唑口颊片的工艺研究

采用正交试验设计,考察处方工艺中羧甲基纤维素钠的用量、筛网的大小和片剂的硬度对甲硝唑口颊片的质量影响,从而优选甲硝唑口颊片的最佳处方和制备工艺。制备的甲硝唑口颊片各项指标均符合质量标准,20、50和90min的释放度分别为33．4％、54．3％和74．1％。     

思密达四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌阳性的消化性溃疡42例疗效分析

目的 观察思密达四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌（Hp)阳性的消化性溃疡（Pu0的临床应用价值。方法：对42例经胃镜证实Hp阳性的Pu病人用思密达,雷尼替丁,阿莫西林,甲硝唑,四联治疗,与38例予枸橼酸铋钾,奥美拉唑,阿莫西林,甲硝唑四联疗法治疗进行对照。结果：治疗组与对照组停药4周后胃复查溃疡愈合率分别为86％及90％,Hp根除率分别为90％及95％,不良反应发生率分别为19％及24％,两组比较差异无显性。而两组药价差异有显性,治疗组价廉。结论：以思密达为中心的四联疗法能有效治疗Hp阳性的Pu,且相对价廉,无严重不良反应,值得进一步推广应用。     

甲硝唑磷酸酯钾的家兔药物动力学研究

:目的 :研究甲硝唑磷酸酯钾 (PMP)及甲硝唑 ((MTZ)在家兔血中的药物动力学参数。方法 :家兔iv和im等量的PMP、MTZ(10 0 μmol/kg)后 ,用HPLC苦味酸内标法测定家兔血浆中PMP和MTZ的浓度。 结果 :家兔iv等量PMP和MTZ后 ,其家兔血中PMP和MTZ药 -时曲线均符合二室开放模型 ,但其PMP释出的MTZ药 -时曲线较MTZ的药 -时曲线稍低 ,前者的AUC为后者的 47 4%。家兔im等量PMP和MTZ后 ,PMP释出的MTZ药 -时曲线为一室模型 ,MTZ的药 -时曲线为二室模型。前者的Cmax较后者低 ,其AUC为后者的38 9%。结论 :家兔ivPMP和MTZ后 ,二者末端的消除速率接近 ;家兔imPMP和MTZ后 ,二者的Tp 相近。