牧马豆生物碱成分研究

从豆科野决明属植物牧马豆ThermopsislanceolataR.Br.的全草中分得6个生物碱。经物理常数测定及光谱分析，分别鉴定为黄华碱（Ⅰ），13-羟基黄华碱（Ⅱ），金雀花碱（Ⅲ），N-甲基金雀花碱（Ⅳ），5，6－dehydrolupanine（Ⅴ）和N－（3－氧代丁基）金雀花碱（Ⅵ）。其中化合物Ⅱ和Ⅴ为首次从该植物中分得，化合物Ⅵ为首次从本属植物中分得。     

Nutritional composition of Plantago species (P. Major L., P. Lanceolata L., and P. Media L.)

Analyses of the nutrients are given for the leaves of wild Plantago major L., P. lanceolata L. and P. media L., from different locations of the southeast of Spain. The proximate composition, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P), fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin C and carotenes), nitrate and oxalic acid were determined. The results show the low proportion of available carbohydrates, ranging from 1.99 g (P. major) to 2.81 g (P. lanceolata) (per 100 g fresh weight). Oxalic acid was found in low amounts, between 33.5 mg (P. media) and 88.2 mg (P. lanceolata) (100 g f wt). P. major had the highest amounts of vitamin C (45.1 mg/100g f. wt.) and calcium (108mg/100g f. wt.). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were high in all species, ranging from 38.97% (P. media) to 46.07% (P. lanceolata). Nutrient ratios (K/Na; Ca/P and oxalic acid/Ca) were found to be favourable in most cases.     

GC—MS法鉴定银柴胡挥发油的化学成分

目的 研究银柴胡的挥发油化学成分。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对银柴胡的挥发油化学成分进行了分析鉴定。结果 从分离出的20多个峰中鉴定出17个化学成分。结论 银柴胡挥发油的主要化学成分为2-甲基-5-异丙烯基-2，5-己二烯-1-乙酸酯，去乙酰基蛇形毒素和14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯等成分。     

复方轮叶党参对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨复方轮叶党参对酒精性肝损伤保护的作用.方法 40只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即正常对照组、肝损伤对照组、复方轮叶党参高、低剂量组.各组均以每次10 ml/kg体重灌胃,正常对照组灌胃给予蒸馏水,肝损伤模型组上午灌胃蒸馏水,下午灌胃40%食用乙醇.两个试验组分别灌胃给予复方轮叶党参1.43 g/kg和2.86 g/kg,连续灌胃8周后,检测全血乙醇浓度,血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量.结果 高剂量复方轮叶党参能有效降低全血乙醇浓度,肝损伤对照组大鼠血清NO水平高于正常对照组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),复方轮叶党参高剂量组NO水平显著低于肝损伤对照组(P＜0.05),复方轮叶党参高剂量组大鼠血清总一氧化氮合酶(tNOS)活性与乙醇对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 复方轮叶党参制剂可有效预防酒精性肝损伤.     

异心叶桉杀灭钉螺效果的初步观察

对异心叶桉提取物作室内杀钉螺实验观察，发现异心叶桉树叶和树枝中含有较高的杀钉螺成分。树叶水浸液浓度5000mg／L和10000mg／L室内浸杀钉螺72h死亡率分别为60．0％和87．5％；树叶乙醇提取物25mg／L浸杀钉螺72h死亡率达100％，在25±1℃时对钉螺浸杀48h和72h的LC50分别为16．0mg／L和12．2mg／L。鱼毒试验发现该提取物对斑马鱼毒性较低。认为桉树是具有较高杀灭钉螺价值的候选植物。     

In vivo treatment with the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis

Recently we demonstrated that in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) macrophage-oxidative burst activity is increased and NADPH oxidase mRNA is induced. The herbal phenylethanoid acteoside isolated from Plantago lanceolata L. was shown to exhibit anti-oxidative potential. Using the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, in this study we have assessed whether systemic application of acteoside affects colitis. Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. Treatment with acteoside (120, 600 microg/mouse/day) was performed intraperitoneally. The colon lengths were determined. Colonic tissue was scored histologically (max. score 8) by a blinded investigator. T cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2 (final concentration 10 U/ml). After incubation for 24 h, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels in supernatants were analysed by the beadlyte cytokine detection system. Histological scoring of colonic tissue revealed that application of acteoside was followed by a significantly improved histological score. In acute colitis the histological score was 3.2 with acteoside versus 5.2 with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0.02). In chronic colitis both 120 microg (3.3 versus 5.2) or 600 microg acteoside (3.0 versus 5.2) significantly ameliorated colitis (both P < 0.02). Stimulated MLN from mice with chronic DSS-induced colitis treated with acteoside showed a significant down-regulation of IFN-gamma secretion (195 pg/ml with 600 microg acteoside versus 612 pg/ml with PBS, P < 0.02). Inhibition of oxidative burst activity with acteoside reduced mucosal tissue damage in DSS colitis and could be a therapeutic alternative for IBD treatment. Further studies of this agent are warranted.     

轮叶党参醇提水溶部分对丝裂霉素致免疫抑制的拮抗作用

目的研究轮叶党参醇提水溶部分对丝裂霉素所致淋巴细胞增殖抑制的拮抗作用。方法用大鼠外周血淋巴细胞培养,观察在相同的丝裂霉素浓度(40μg／L),不同的轮叶党参醇提水溶部分的浓度情况下的淋巴细胞的增殖情况。结果轮叶党参醇提水溶部分具有免疫增强作用,且呈剂量效应关系;并且在较低浓度时,轮叶党参醇提水溶部分就表现出较好的免疫增强的效果作用。结论轮叶党参醇提水溶部分具有免疫增强作用。     

Beneficial effects of Codonopsis lanceolata extract on systolic blood pressure levels in prehypertensive adults: A double‐blind,randomized controlled trial

Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) extract was shown to have antihypertensive effects in hypertensive rats. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the ability of CL extract to prevent hypertension (HTN) in prehypertensive subjects. Eighty subjects aged 19–60 years with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120–139 mmHg and a diastolic BP of 80–89 mmHg were recruited over 3 months. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a CL group and a placebo (PL) group and administered CL extract and starch, respectively, for 6 weeks. (BP) was measured and blood sampled at baseline and at the end of the trial. Relative to baseline, systolic BP was significantly decreased, and catalase activity was significantly increased following CL treatment in both the elevated systolic BP and stage 1 HTN subgroups. In the elevated systolic BP subgroup, serum nitrite concentration relative to baseline was significantly increased in CL compared to PL treated subjects (p = .038). In subjects with stage 1 HTN, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (p = .020) and malondialdehyde (p = .039) showed significantly greater reductions from baseline in the CL than in the PL group. In summary, CL was effective in preventing endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in prehypertensive subjects, with these effects differing according to baseline systolic BP levels.     

发酵轮叶党参乙醇提取物对荷瘤小鼠瘤体生长及机体免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨发酵轮叶党参乙醇提取物(FCLEE)对荷瘤小鼠瘤体生长及机体免疫功能的影响.[方法]将H22荷瘤小鼠随机分为小、中、大剂量FCLEE组、模型对照组和环磷酰胺组.建立移植型H22荷瘤小鼠模型,观察FCLEE对肿瘤生长的抑制情况,并观察对脾脏、胸腺脏器指数的影响.采用荷瘤H22小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验检测FCLEE对吞噬百分率、吞噬指数的影响.采用MTT比色法测定FCLEE对NK细胞活性的影响.[结果]FCLEE小、中、大剂量组肿瘤质量明显小于模型对照组(P<0.05),肿瘤抑制率分别为31.6%,32.0%,34.3%;脾脏和胸腺指数均显著高于模型对照组和环磷酰胺组(P<0.05);腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率、吞噬指数及NK细胞活性均明显高于模型对照组和环磷酰胺组(P<0.05).[结论]FCLEE可抑制在体肿瘤的生长,且可增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能.     

人参及其四种常见伪品的HPLC定性鉴别

目的:研究在单一HPLC分析条件下同时检出人参及多种常见伪品的方法.方法:选定人参伪品的特征成分,以乙腈/H3PO4水为流动相梯度洗脱,203nm为检测波长进行HPLC法分析.结果:利用建立的单一HPLC分析条件可同时定性鉴别人参及其4种伪品.结论:本方法对于生药及药材提取物的鉴别,具有简便、快速、灵敏、可操作性强的特...