直丝弓矫治器和Begg矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形疗效比较

目的:对比不同矫治器对错[牙合]畸形患者面高度及前后牙咬合关系的影响。方法:选取于笔者医院接受矫治的83例错[牙合]畸形患者,根据患者矫治器类型分为直丝弓组和Begg组,分别为42例和41例。比较并分析两组患者治疗前后牙咬合关系、硬组织、磨牙及面高度的变化情况。结果:矫治后,两组患者OJ-PPV、OB-PP、LMA-MPV、LMA-MPV均降低,Begg矫治组OJ-PPV水平显著高于直丝弓矫治组,OB-PP、LMA-MPV、LMA-MPV水平显著低于直丝弓矫治组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者LAFH、LAFH/TAFH、PFH/TAFH水平均升高,其中Begg矫治组患者LAFH水平显著低于直丝弓矫治组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者LMA-MP、LMC-MP水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);矫治前后,两组患者SNA、SNA、ANB水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种矫治器对错[牙合]畸形患者硬组织变化均无明显影响,其中Begg矫治对患者前后牙咬合关系改善作用更强,直丝弓对患者面高度的改善能力更强。     

硫酸酯化葡甘聚糖凝胶颗粒的微观形貌及其吸附行为研究

制备了硫酸酯化魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶颗粒血液低密度脂蛋白吸附剂，扫描电镜观察产物呈交联网状多孔结构。体外静态吸附实验表明：在37℃振荡吸附2h后，对总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白及超低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL＋VLDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的吸附率分别为52．68％、54．76％、27．78％。通过吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线分析，吸附剂对LDL＋VLDL-C的作用包括类似分子筛的吸附和电荷间静电相互作用两种方式。     

Three cases of childhood nocturnal asthma due to buckwheat allergy

BACKGROUND: Buckwheat flour (BF) is known as a potent food allergen. Sensitization to it usually occurs by ingestion but also by inhalation in occupational or domestic exposure. Buckwheat chaff-stuffed pillows (BCP) can be contaminated with BF during the process of pilling, and many Korean children and adults use BCP for health reasons. METHODS AND RESULTS: We here present three cases of BF allergy in children using BCP, who had been treated as nonatopic asthmatics after undergoing the routine allergy skin tests and serologic tests. We took careful clinical histories, and performed skin prick tests (SPT), the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for specific IgE, the BCP-elimination test, the BF bronchial provocation test, and IgE Western blot. All three children showed positive skin reactions to BF, but none of them had positive reactions to house-dust mites. Nocturnal asthmatic symptoms were improved during 7 days of BCP elimination, and asthmatic responses were observed by bronchial provocation tests with homemade BF extract. Serum BF-specific IgE antibodies and several IgE-binding proteins were detected by RIA and Western blot analysis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, a small amount of BF attached to BCP can induce BF sensitization, and BCP should be considered a main cause of childhood nocturnal asthma in those asthmatics exposed to these pillows.     

魔芋精粉与几种常用膳食纤维降血脂效果比较及机理探讨

用含胆固醇1％、胆盐0.25％、猪油5％的高脂饲料喂饲健康雄性大鼠,诱发高脂血症的同时分别加入5％的魔芋精粉、果胶、褐藻胶及琼脂,观察此四种膳食纤维对大鼠生长、血清脂质含量、肝脏脂质含量及肝脏组织病理的不同影响,并通过测定粪中酸性固醇的排泄量来观察它们对胆汁酸代谢的影响。结果表明:1)四种膳食纤维均能有效地降低进食高脂膳食大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇含量,对空腹血甘油三酯水平无影响;2)魔芋精粉能较其余三种膳食纤维更有效地降低肝脏组织脂质含量,包括胆固醇及甘油三酯。肝组织病理学检查亦显示魔芋精粉减轻肝脂变效果最佳;3)四种膳食纤维均能增加粪中胆汁酸尤其是鹅脱氧胆酸的排泄量,推测这可能是它们降低机体脂质的机理之一;4)四种膳食纤维在5％摄入水平对大鼠摄食及生长无不良影响。     

Decrease of wheat flour allergenicity via lactic acid fermentation

Results of the research on the lowering of allergenicity of wheat flour fermented using homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria and mixed cultures with yeast were discussed. The gliadins’ immunoreactivity was measured using the indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The biggest decrease of the immunoreactivity of gliadin fraction was observed in the case of fermentation performed with the use of mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. This way of wheat flour modification seems to be promising, because fermentation is a natural process causing not only lowering of the allergenicity, but also improving organoleptic and nutritional values of obtained products.     

壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖混合膜对人牙周膜细胞作用观察

目的:通过壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖膜单独、以及膜加载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和第4代人牙周膜细胞共同培养,观察壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖膜对人牙周膜细胞增殖分化的影响。方法:观察不同质量比壳聚糖与葡甘聚糖共混膜对第4代细胞HPDLCs增殖影响及其对碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)影响。结果:不同质量比的壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖混合膜对HPDLCs的增殖有促进作用,加载bFGF后,HPDLCs增殖得到增强,且壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖膜比3:0和1:2的混合膜还可增强ALP的活性水平。结论:壳聚糖/葡甘聚糖膜是一种潜在的牙周组织再生膜。     

山楂、魔芋及其复合物对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢及血浆NO水平的影响

目的观察山楂、魔芋及其复合物对高脂饲料诱导的高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢、血浆-氧化氮(NO)水平的影响,为通过营养干预防治高脂血症及心血管疾病提供实验依据.方法选择50只健康成年Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分别饲以基础饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料补充山楂粉、高脂饲料补充魔芋精粉及高脂饲料补充山楂魔芋复合物.饲养8周后测定血中脂质及NO含量.结果山楂、魔芋及山楂魔芋复合物能显著降低高脂饲料诱导的大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高,同时显著升高大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及血浆NO值.结论山楂、魔芋及山楂魔芋复合物具有明显的降血脂作用,同时升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和NO.提示具有保护血管内皮细胞及防治心脑血管疾病的作用.且复合组降低极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及升高大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著优于山楂组.     

结肠定位盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸释药机制的研究

目的:研究结肠定位盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸的释药机制。方法:采用离子胶凝法制备羧甲基魔芋胶小丸,对小丸在不同释放介质条件下的药物释放度和溶蚀度进行研究。结果:与在不含酶介质中的情况相比,小丸在含酶(大鼠盲、结肠内容物或β-甘露聚糖酶)介质中的药物释放和丸粒溶蚀明显加快,酶对小丸载体材料的降解作用是造成丸粒骨架溶蚀的主要因素;随介质中β-甘露聚糖酶浓度增加,小丸的药物释放和溶蚀均有所增加,药物释放量与丸粒溶蚀量呈近似1∶1的线性相关;药物释放符合Peppas方程,其中释药指数n>1。结论:盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸的释药机制为酶降解溶蚀释药,具有结肠定位释药的可能性。     

盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸在大鼠体内释药研究

目的：研究盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸在大鼠体内的药物吸收及胃，小肠和结肠组织中药物浓度经时变化，评价其结肠定位释药特性。方法：将盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸(小丸组)和盐酸小檗碱羧甲基纤维素混悬液(对照组)大鼠灌胃给药(以盐酸小檗碱计，给药剂量50 mg·kg^-1)，采用HPLC测定大鼠体内盐酸小檗碱在血浆，胃，小肠和结肠组织中的浓度，计算药物相对靶向释药指数。结果：盐酸小檗碱在血浆和组织匀浆中线性范围分别为0.0252～2.52 mg·L^-1(r=0.999 2)和0.126～25.22 mg·L^-1(r＞0.99)，血浆和组织匀浆中检测限分别为10，8 mg·L^-1,小丸组血浆中药时曲线下面积(AUC_0→∞)是对照组的0.477倍；小丸组胃，小肠，结肠组织AUC_0→∞分别是对照组的0.187，0.228，2.00倍；小丸组在大鼠胃，小肠，结肠组织的药物相对靶向释药指数分别为0.392 4，0.478 6，4.193。结论：盐酸小檗碱羧甲基魔芋胶小丸具有较好的结肠定位释药特性。     

Prospective study of work related respiratory symptoms in trainee bakers

OBJECTIVES—To investigate the occurrence of work related respiratory symptoms and to assess the effect of atopy in a group of trainee bakers.
METHODS—A prospective study of work related respiratory symptoms among 125 trainee bakers who were investigated with a questionnaire plus skin prick test with wheat flour and α-amylase allergens at baseline and then after 6, 18, and 30 months.
RESULTS—At the baseline examination, four students (3.2%) complained of respiratory symptoms (cough and rhinitis) when working with flours and four were skin positive to wheat flour or α-amylase. The incidence of work related respiratory symptoms was 3.4% at 6 months, and the cumulative incidence was 4.8% and 9.0% at 18 and 30 months, respectively. The incidence of skin sensitisation to occupational allergens was 4.6% at 6 months and the cumulative incidence was 4.6% at 18 months and 10.1% at 30 months. The generalised estimating equation approach to longitudinal data showed that work related respiratory symptoms in the study population was significantly associated with a personal history of allergic disease (odds ratio (OR) 5.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.8 to 18.2) and skin sensitisation to wheat flour or α-amylase (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.9). Atopy based on prick test was not related to the occurrence of work related respiratory symptoms over time (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.3 to 3.8).
CONCLUSIONS—Personal history of allergic disease is a predisposing factor for the development of symptoms caused by exposure to wheat flour and may be a criterion of unsuitability for starting a career as a baker. Atopy based on the skin prick test is useful for identifying subjects with allergic disease, but should not be used to exclude non-symptomatic atopic people from bakery work.


Keywords: follow up study; wheat flour; α-amylase sensitisation; work related respiratory symptoms