加味酸枣仁胶囊的研制

目的:优选加味酸枣仁胶囊的制备工艺.方法:以酸枣仁皂苷A含量为指标,考察提取溶媒、加溶媒量、提取时间三因素对提取效果的影响;采用固定圆锥底法考察粉体的流动性;选择测定酸枣仁皂苷A的含量作为控制本品的质量标准.结果:酸枣仁最佳提取工艺即用70%乙醇提取2次,第1次2 h,第2次1 h,用乙醇量均为8倍药材量;粉末水分控制在3.01%流动性好,休止角平均值为28.2°;该胶囊含酸枣仁皂苷A不得低于11.00mg/粒.结论:上述实验结果可为加味酸枣仁胶囊的制备提供实验依据.     

Physico-chemical analysis and antimicrobial potential of A pis dorsata,A pis mellifera and Z iziphus jujube honey samples from Pakistan

ObjectiveTo evaluate physico-chemical properties and antimicrobial potential of indigenous honey samples against different reference strains including Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Rhizopus oligosporus PCSIR1, Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950.MethodsBy using standard methods samples were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties including additive effect of starch and non-peroxidase activity, antioxidative properties (phenol contents, flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity). Prior to this evaluation, complete physico-chemical properties including pH, color, ash contents, protein contents, moisture contents, hydroxymethyl furfural contents, total sugar contents, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar contents were analyzed.ResultsRelatively higher ash contents were found in the Siddar honey i.e. (0.590 0±0.033 6)% and small honey showed relatively higher protein contents i.e. (777.598±9.880) mg/kg. The moisture contents of tested honey samples ranged between 13.8%-16.6%, total sugar contents from 61.672%-72.420% and non-reducing sugar contents from 1.95%-3.93%. Presences of phenolic contents indicate higher antioxidant potential of these honey samples. All bacteria showed clear inhibition zones in response to tested honey samples whereas fungi and yeast showed inhibition at higher concentrations of these honey samples. For Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Aspergillus niger, overall the small honey showed the higher activity than other honey samples.ConclusionPhysico-chemical analysis of honey samples confirmed good quality of honey according to the standards set by European Union Commission and Codex Alimentarius Commission. Evaluation of these honey samples confirms antimicrobial potential of particular types of honeys indigenous to Pakistan.     

生草和树枝覆盖对果园土壤持水性能的影响--测试文章

针对黄土高原枣园普遍盛行传统清耕制,将生草及覆盖技术引入枣园生产中,于2011—2013年采用人工土槽模拟研究方法,探讨不同生草和覆盖措施对枣树地土壤持水性能的影响。结果表明：生草与枣树枝覆盖能有效改善土壤物理结构、提高土壤孔隙度、降低土壤容重;各处理土壤水分蓄持能力及比水容量均按枣树枝半覆盖+白三叶生草、枣树枝全覆盖、白三叶生草覆盖和清耕处理依次递减,处理间的差异在高吸力阶段更为明显;与清耕处理相比,生草与覆盖处理土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、凋萎系数均有提高,枣树枝半覆盖+白三叶生草处理增加最为明显,分别增加9%、20%、33%。     

A panoramic view on phytochemical,nutritional, and therapeutic attributes of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: A comprehensive review

Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as Indian jujube, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. A plethora of active phytochemical constituents of this plant has been revealed so far, namely, berberine, quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, lanosterol, diosgenin, and so forth. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of pharmacological potential of various parts such as fruits, leaves, and stems of the plant as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti‐diarrhoeal, antidepressant, immunomodulator, and hepatoprotective. This review gives a unique summary including phytochemistry, nutritional value, and significant pharmacological importance of Z. mauritiana. The literature search was carried out via search engine PubMed, Science Direct, and so on. The data were heterogeneous in terms of leaves, stem, roots, and fruits which were used for different experimental findings, which made the comparison a lengthy task. Study findings suggested that the extracts from this plant may possess numerous types of pharmacological activities. As the search for novel drugs from botanical sources continues, there is need for future investigations to isolate and characterize pharmacologically active agents that confer medicinal properties on Z. mauritiana, as well as to elucidate the structures of these agents by which they exert their healing properties and to scientifically validate the existing traditional practices concerning its health benefits.     

滴灌条件下枣树耗水规律的研究

试验通过研究枣树的茎流来预测其耗水量,为合理灌溉提供科学依据。利用植物茎流计在滴灌条件下测定枣树的茎流变化,结果表明2010年5月15日的最大值出现在中午12∶00,达到1 834.28 g·h^-1,6月26日的最大茎流速率在13∶00,达到4 861.89 g·h^-1,7月20日最大值出现在15∶00,达到6 385.88 g·h^-1,8月10日最大茎流出现在16∶00,达到5 816.86 g·h^-1;最小茎流都是出现在凌晨4∶00～8∶00。5月份的日平均累计流量比较小,枣树在这个月的日平均耗水量反而最小,到了7、8月份,随着温度的升高和雨季的结束,枣树耗水量明显增加,8月的日平均耗水累计量最高;通过相关分析,地表最高温度和最高气温对枣树的茎流量影响较大。研究得出：土壤含水量是影响茎流的变化主要因素,其它环境因子对茎流的影响也很重要。     

红枣注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察红枣注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：用100％红枣注射液给小鼠皮下注射，观察小鼠胸腺及脾重量、血清溶菌酶含量、T淋巴细胞酸性α－醛酸奈脂酶（ANAE）细胞百分率及T淋巴细胞转化率。结果：实验组小鼠胸腺及脾重量增加，血清溶菌酶含量增加，T淋巴细胞ANAE活性升高，T淋巴细胞转化率增高。结论：红枣注射液能使小鼠免疫器官重量增加，并能增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能及特异性细胞免疫功能。     

五种养心安神中药的抗惊厥作用初探

目的：研究远志、酸枣仁、合欢皮、柏子仁和罗布麻叶等五种养心安神药的抗惊厥活性。方法：采用95％乙醇分别对远志、酸枣仁、合欢皮、柏子仁和罗布麻叶进行提取，制备其醇提物；然后采用戊四唑（PTZ）致小鼠惊厥模型对所得5种醇提物的抗惊厥活性进行考察。结果：远志醇提物8g/kg能降低小鼠惊厥发生率，并显著延长小鼠发生惊厥的潜伏期和死亡时间，降低死亡率；酸枣仁醇提物和合欢皮醇提物在8g/kg时都明显延长惊厥小鼠的死亡时间，同时降低小鼠死亡率；柏子仁醇提物和罗布麻叶醇提物对P1Z致小鼠惊厥无影响。结论：远志醇提物、酸枣仁醇提物和合欢皮醇提物均有抗惊厥作用．其中远志醇提物作用最强：柏子仁醇提物和罗布麻叶醇提物无抗惊厥作用。     

ICU中应用葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗危重症

葶苈大枣泻肺汤由葶苈子、大枣组成,出自张仲景《金匮要略》,功效泻肺行水、下气平喘,为泻肺的峻剂。作者尝试在ICU中治疗胸腔积液、肺水肿、脑水肿等危重病患者,均取得了良好的疗效。葶苈大枣泻肺汤在ICU中有广泛的应用前景,尤其对肺水肿及胸腔积液等病症有特殊疗效,且使用安全。     

Dammarane-type saponins from Ziziphus jujube

Two new dammarane-type saponins jujubosides D and E, together with three known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujube. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1–5 showed lipoxygenase-inhibiting activity.     

大枣对酒精性肝病小鼠肝组织CYP2E1和TNF-α表达的影响

目的观察大枣预处理对酒精性肝病小鼠血清AST、ALT,肝组织病理及肝组织细胞色素P4502e1（cytochrome P4502e1, CYP2E1）和肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）表达的影响。方法88只昆明种小鼠随机分成空白对照组（简称对照组,28只）、模型组（32只）和大枣治疗组（简称治疗组,28只）,模型组和治疗组采用酒精灌胃的方法复制动物模型,对照组应用蒸馏水代替。4周时治疗组灌胃大枣提取物,其余组均灌胃等量蒸馏水。共计12周。观察应用大枣后,酒精性肝病小鼠血清AST、ALT,肝组织病理及肝组织CYP2E1和TNF-α的表达。结果与模型组比较,治疗组血清AST、ALT水平下降,肝组织病理改善,肝组织CYP2E1和TNF-α表达下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大枣对酒精性肝病有一定疗效。