The healing of femoral neck fractures in dogs

Summary This study evaluates healing fractures of the femoral neck in dogs by using standard radiography, intraosseous venography, India ink staining and histology.The 45 animals were divided into three groups, one of which was not treated, but in the other two the fracture was fixed with a screw or two Kirschner wires.Our results suggest that, when intraosseous venography was positive, India ink injection was also positive, and the late phase of fracture healing was reached.

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Résumé Etude de la consolidation des fractures du col fémoral chez le chien à l'aide des radiographies standard, de la phlébographie osseuse, de la coloration par l'encre de Chine et de l'examen anatomopathologique. Les animaux ont été divisés en trois groupes, dans l'un la fracture n'a pas été traitée, dans les deux autres elle a été fixée soit par une vis, soit par deux broches de Kirschner. Les résultats tendent à montrer que lorsque la phlébographie est positive, la coloration par l'encre de Chine l'est également et que la phase ultime de la consolidation est atteinte.

     

胫,股骨内压与膝关节疼痛关系的研究和治疗方法探讨

作者对膝关节痛和休息痛病人21例做了股、胫骨内压和关节镜检查,其均值股骨髁0.143±0.01kPa,16例(76.19％)超过对照组0.130kPa(P<0.01);胫骨髁0.180±0.022kPa,18例(85.7％),超过对照组0.105kPa。同时测量膝关节腔内压21例。均值为0.135±0.035kPa,18例(85.7％)高于对照组0.120kPa。认为骨内压增高是引起膝关节痛的原因。本文还就膝关节特发性骨内高压症的临床表现、镜下特点、个体临界骨内压和治疗方法进行了探讨。     

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible: locoregional control and survival is significantly reduced if the tumour is more than 4 cm in size

To establish the prognostic factors for primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma we designed a retrospective study of patients treated in the head and neck department of a tertiary referral centre in China from 2010–2015. We collected clinical, radiological, and histopathological data from 36 patients treated during the given time period, among which 34 were followed up. There were 22 male and 12 female patients, 13 of whom gave a history of smoking tobacco and four who drank alcohol. All 34 patients were treated by segmental mandibulectomy and neck dissection. Nine had cervical lymph node metastases on histopathological examination, and none had invaded surgical margins. Twenty-eight were treated with radiotherapy postoperatively. During follow up nine died of locoregional recurrence or metastases. Specific factors such as cervical lymph node metastases were related to a greater likelihood of locoregional recurrence. Patients who drank alcohol were also more likely to develop metastases postoperatively. Tumours more than 4 cm in size were significantly associated with reductions in locoregional control and survival.     

Intraosseous infusion: an alternative route of pediatric intravascular access

Substantial difficulties can be encountered when establishing rapid intravascular access in critically ill children. The historic technique of tibial intraosseous infusion is presented as an alternate intravenous route in children less than 3 years old. Review of the literature reveals this technique to be a rapid, reliable method with an acceptably low complication rate. Substances absorbed through the marrow, flow rates, technical difficulties, and complications are discussed.     

Six cases of central cystadenocarcinoma and review of relevant papers

The present study was a review of cases of central cystadenocarcinoma over the past 29 years and provides clinical, radiological, and pathological information about these rare lesions. Six cases of central cystadenocarcinoma treated between 1991 and 2019 at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology in Beijing, China, were retrospectively analysed. A comprehensive review of clinical records was summarised and the histological diagnosis was revised using the 2017 World Health Organization criteria. The mean age of patients with central cystadenocarcinoma was 63 (range 51-75) years, and the male:female ratio 1:1. The clinical signs included localised swelling, pain, lower lip numbness, and trismus. There were more cases in the mandible than in the maxilla. All lesions were unilocular or multilocular in radiolucent regions with or without clear margins. The preferred treatment of central cystadenocarcinoma was surgical excision with wide margins, and no local recurrence was found during follow-up. Central cystadenocarcinoma often occurred in middle-aged or elderly patients. Because cystadenocarcinoma is somewhat rare, metastatic tumours of the jaw should be considered when diagnosing cystadenocarcinoma.     

Intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws—A clinicopathologic review. Part I: Metastatic and salivary‐type carcinomas

This is the first part of a 3‐part comprehensive review of intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws. We have outlined 4 groups of intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws (metastatic, salivary‐type, odontogenic, and primary intraosseous carcinoma), emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and the problems associated with changing classification systems, standardization of diagnostic criteria and nomenclature, and the accuracy of existing literature. In this first part, the features of metastatic and the very rare salivary‐type carcinomas of the jaws are examined with particular emphasis on histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, diagnostic difficulties, and uncertainties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012     

Intraosseous cannulation in children

This review outlines the current recommendations for use of intraosseous access in children. It describes the technique of intraosseous cannulation, anatomy, physiology and possible complications. It also briefly describes currently available devices that allow for rapid and effective intraosseous access in infants, children and young adults.     

乙醇对股骨头髓内脂肪细胞的作用**☆

背景：乙醇已成为股骨头缺血性坏死的致病因素,其所致的骨髓内脂质代谢异常可能是股骨头缺血性坏死起病的重要原因,但机制尚未完全明确。
　　目的：从分子水平观察在乙醇作用下脂肪细胞结构功能的变化,以期分析酒精性股骨头坏死的发病机制。
　　方法：采用原代脂肪细胞体外培养技术,取大白兔股骨头髓内脂肪组织,分离获取脂肪细胞,以油红O染色行细胞表型鉴定。取传代稳定的髓内脂肪细胞,将盖玻片切割成10 mm×10 mm,种植前置入24孔培养板孔内,分为乙醇组和对照组,每组24孔,每孔为1个样本。对照组不加乙醇,乙醇组加入0.15 mol/L乙醇,分别于4,6,8,10 d 更换培养液,换液时不再加入乙醇,均培养至10 d。培养终止后,取出盖玻片行油红O染色,光镜下观察脂肪细胞形态并计数。
　　结果与结论：随着时间延长,乙醇组脂肪细胞数量明显多于对照组(P<0.001),2组小脂滴均逐渐增多、增大,但乙醇组更明显。培养4,6,8,10 d的髓内脂肪细胞数量乙醇组分别为(200.90±24.60),(1102.30±76.73),(1160.30±28.37),(1199.70±44.74)个/cm2;对照组分别为(99.80±10.82),(0.40±94.71),(1000.20±41.85),(1059.80±26.79)个/cm2,脂肪细胞数量随乙醇作用的时间延长而增多。提示乙醇能够促进髓内脂肪细胞增殖肥大,这可能是长期酗酒后股骨头骨髓内脂肪组织增多,骨内压增加,血流灌注减少,导致缺血,从而发生股骨头坏死的主要原因。     

Intraosseous Pressure in the Patella in Relation to Simulated Joint Effusion and Knee Position: An Experimental Study in Puppies

Simultaneous pressure measurements were carried out in the patella, juxtaarticular epiphyses and the knee joint cavity of six mongrel puppies. The mean intraosseous pressure in the patella was 12.2 mmHg, range 8-15 mmHg. An increase in intraarticular pressure in turn caused an increase in the intraosseous pressure of the patella and juxtaarticular epiphyses. The pressure increase in the patella was the most pronounced. During extension of the knee joint, a significant rise in intraosseous pressure of the tibial epiphysis and patella was observed, whereas during flexion femoral epiphyseal pressure and patellar pressure increased significantly. The introduction of moderate intraarticular effusion amplified intraosseous pressure responses during flexion of the knee joint. The intraosseous pressure changes during knee movement could not be explained solely by the corresponding changes in intraarticular pressure.

Intraosseous phlebography revealed a venous drainage system largely parallel to the arterial blood supply. The contrast clearance time was decreased during moderate elevation of the intraarticular pressure, suggesting increased bone blood flow of the patella.