盐酸埃克替尼治疗EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌脑转移的近期效果分析

目的 探究盐酸埃克替尼对表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变阳性非小细胞肺癌脑转移的近期效果。方法 选取于南阳市中心医院肿瘤医院收治的EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者共60例,所有患者均接受盐酸埃克替尼片口服治疗,125 mg/次,3次/d。回顾性分析其近期效果。结果 患者中位无进展生存期为12.6个月（95% CI 11.85~14.42）。所有患者均接受疗效评估,其中部分缓解（PR）23例,稳定（SD）37例,EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）脑转移患者的有效率（ORR）为38.33%,疾病控制率（DCR）为100%。患者的治疗史、基因突变情况、性别以及吸烟与否与治疗无进展生存期（PFS）均无显著相关性（P>0.05）;患者的治疗史,性别与是否吸烟与ORR无显著相关性（P>0.05）,而患者的基因突变情况与ORR显著相关（P<0.05）。不良反应发生情况：皮疹共出现5例,皮肤干燥9例,腹泻3例,肝功能异常2例。结论 盐酸埃克替尼治疗EGFR突变阳性非小细胞肺癌脑转移疗效显著,临床应用前景光明。     

Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of osimertinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction: First- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib, icotinib, and afatinib are the standard-of-care for first-line therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations. Unfortunately, after initial activity of an average 9–13 months, disease progression has been reported in the majority of patients. In about 50% of cases the progression is due to the onset of the T790M mutation in exon 20 of the EGFR gene. Third-generation EGFR-TKIs targeting this mutation were investigated, with osimertinib the only reaching clinical practice.

Areas covered: A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature and of main meetings using a focused review question addressing osimertinib, was undertaken.

Expert opinion: Osimertinib is the standard-of-care for EGFR-mutated patients progressing to first-line EGFR-TKIs due to the acquired EGFR T790M mutation. Results from the head-to-head first-line trial comparing osimertinib versus gefitinib or erlotinib in activating EGFR mutations might change the front-line approach. Osimertinib in combination regimens, such as immunotherapy, and in adjuvant setting are ongoing. Thus, the strategic approach for the management of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients will change further in the next few years.     

Durable response to pulsatile icotinib for central nervous system metastases from EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Central nervous system(CNS) metastases are a catastrophic complication of nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC), including brain and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, and are always accompanied by a poor prognosis. Despite the continuous development of existing treatments, the therapy of CNS metastases remains challenging.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient who was definitively diagnosed with brain and leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC with a targeted mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). A standard dosage of icotinib(125 mg three times daily) was implemented but ineffective. CNS lesions developed despite stable systemic control, so pulsatile icotinib(1125 mg every 3 d) was administered. This new strategy for administration has lasted 25 mo so far, and resulted in complete remission of neurological symptoms, almost vanished lesions, and longer survival with no notable side effects.CONCLUSION This is the first successful example of pulsatile icotinib for treating isolated CNS progression from EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, providing a new alternative for the local treatment of CNS metastases.     

盐酸埃克替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的:观察盐酸埃克替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析埃克替尼治疗30例晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果,采用口服治疗,125 mg/次,3次/d,评价其近期疗效、无病进展生存期及不良反应。结果:30例患者在接受埃克替尼1个月治疗后,完全缓解（CR）0例,部分缓解（PR）10例,疾病稳定（SD）14例,疾病进展（PD）6例,客观有效率（ORR）为33.3%,疾病控制率（DCR）为80%。在各临床因素中,ECOG评分及是否伴有脑转移与近期疗效具有相关性（P<0.05）。截至随访结束,24例（80%）出现PFS终点事件,全组中位PFS为8.0个月。患者的PFS主要与患者年龄、吸烟与否、ECOG评分以及是否伴有其他部位的转移有关（P<0.05）。全组不良反应发生率为43.3%,主要为皮疹5例（16.7%）,皮肤瘙痒2例（6.7%）,腹泻 1例(3.3% ),胃部不适1例( 3.3%),肝功能轻度损害6例(20.0% )。结论:盐酸埃克替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效肯定,耐受性好。     

盐酸埃克替尼治疗中国非小细胞肺癌患者40例的安全性、耐受性及疗效分析

目的:观察新药盐酸埃克替尼用于中国非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的安全性、耐受性、疗效及生存情况。方法:单中心、开放的I期研究,采取剂量递增的方法,直至疾病进展或出现不能耐受的毒性反应。结果:40例NSCLC患者入组。150 mg组1例完全缓解(CR),6例部分缓解(PR),8例疾病稳定(SD);200 mg组1例PR,4例SD;125 mg组2例PR,6例SD;不同剂量组患者的疗效在统计学上未见明显差异(P=0.272 4)。总客观缓解率(ORR)和总疾病控制率(DCR)分别为25%和70%。中位无疾病进展存活(PFS)和中位总生存(OS)时间分别为160 d(95%CI:72～236 d)和454 d(95%CI:226～582 d)。35%的患者出现不良反应,主要有皮疹(25%)和腹泻等。结论:埃克替尼的疗效达到同类产品水平,其安全性和耐受性较好,最常见的不良反应是皮疹、腹泻。     

盐酸埃克替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：观察盐酸埃克替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的疗效和安全性。方法126例Ⅲb~Ⅳ期NSCLC患者接受盐酸埃克替尼治疗,直至PD或出现不能耐受的重度毒副反应而终止治疗,并以93例接受吉非替尼治疗的Ⅲb~Ⅳ期NSCLC患者作为对照,评价2种药物的疗效和毒副反应。结果盐酸埃克替尼组饮食及睡眠质量改善率为53.2％,高于吉非替尼组的37.6％（P＜0.05）。盐酸埃克替尼组有效率为46.0％,吉非替尼组为45.2％（P＞0.05）;盐酸埃克替尼组疾病控制率为86.5％,高于吉非替尼组的74.2％（P＜0.05）。2组主要毒副反应均为皮疹、腹泻,发生率相近（P＞0.05）。结论盐酸埃克替尼在晚期NSCLC的治疗中与吉非替尼近期疗效和安全性相近,但均稍有优势。     

埃克替尼治疗33例晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床分析

目的：探讨埃克替尼治疗33例非小细胞肺癌（ non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC ）患者的疗效及安全性。方法对33例患者的临床特点、治疗效果、不良反应及生存时间进行了回顾性分析。所有患者均口服埃克替尼125 mg,3次/d,直到病变进展或不能耐受。结果 KPS评分升高率为21．2％（7例）,埃克替尼总有效率24．2％,疾病控制率87．9％。中位生存时间10．2个月,1年生存率42．4％。脑转移患者的有效率明显高于无脑转移的患者。腺癌、无脑转移、KPS评分高的患者的生存时间优于其他病理类型、有脑转移、KPS评分低的患者。埃克替尼的不良反应主要表现为轻度皮疹、皮肤干燥、腹泻。结论埃克替尼治疗晚期NSCLC具有较好的疗效及安全性。     

Small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer

Introduction: EGFR has been implicated in various malignancies such as NSCLC, breast, head and neck, and pancreatic cancer. Numerous drugs have been developed in order to target the tyrosine domain of EGFR as an approach in cancer treatment.

Areas covered: This article focuses on the different generations of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This spans from the emergence of the first-generation EGFR-TKIs to overcoming drug resistance using second-generation EGFR-TKIs and to reducing adverse effect (AE) using mutant-selective third-generation EGFR-TKIs.

Expert opinion: Current TKI treatment is frequently accompanied by drug resistance and/or serious AEs. There has been the promise of advancements in second-generation EGFR-TKIs that could overcome drug resistance, acting as second- or third-line salvage treatment, but this promise has yet to be met. That being said, both issues are currently being addressed with mutant-selective EGFR-TKIs with the expectation of bringing more EGFR-targeted therapy into the next phase of cancer therapy in the future.     

埃克替尼治疗98例复治EGFR突变阳性的晚期肺腺癌的疗效分析

目的:观察埃克替尼治疗复治表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）敏感突变的晚期肺腺癌患者的疗效及不良反应。方法:收集2011年11月至2016年7月期间一线或多线化疗进展的98例EGFR 敏感突变的晚期肺腺癌患者应用埃克替尼治疗的疗效、不良反应及生存资料。结果:98例既往化疗失败的EGFR基因敏感突变晚期肺腺癌患者中,达到完全缓解（CR）1例（1.0%）,部分缓解（PR）66例（67.3%）,疾病稳定（SD）20例（20.4%）,疾病进展（PD）11例（11.2%）;客观缓解率（ORR）为68.4%（67/98),疾病控制率（DCR）为88.8%（87/98）,中位无进展时间（mPFS）为8.8个月（95%CI:7.1～10.5个月）,中位生存时间（mOS）为15.5个月（95%CI:11.8～19.2个月）。亚组分析中,19外显子缺失突变患者的ORR（82.0% vs 54.2%,P=0.003）、mPFS（11.0个月 vs 6.0个月,P=0.008）及mOS（20.0个月 vs 12.6个月,P=0.016）均优于21外显子L858R突变患者;非脑转移患者的mOS优于脑转移患者（16.0个月 vs 8.0个月,P=0.039）;不吸烟患者的ORR 优于吸烟患者（76.7% vs 55.3%,P=0.023）;不同性别、年龄、肺癌分期、治疗线数、转移器官数对预后的影响均未见差异有统计学意义。不良反应以皮疹、腹泻、肝功能异常为主,经对症处理后症状均可明显缓解。结论:埃克替尼治疗既往化疗失败的EGFR突变阳性的晚期肺腺癌患者取得了确切的疗效,且不良反应发生率低。     

埃克替尼联合培美曲塞治疗表皮生长因子受体敏感突变非小细胞肺癌的疗效分析

目的 分析埃克替尼联合培美曲塞治疗表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）敏感突变非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效。方法 选取2018年1月—2021年7月广东医科大学附属医院收治的152例晚期NSCLC患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组,各76例。对照组口服埃克替尼,125 mg/次,3次/d。实验组在对照组基础上静脉滴注培美曲塞500 mg/m²,每3周给药1次。两组患者持续用药至疾病进展或毒性不耐受。比较两组持续治疗3个疗程的抗肿瘤疗效、肿瘤标志物、肺功能、免疫功能、肝功能及药物安全性,统计两组患者1年生存情况。结果 治疗期间共脱落3例。实验组疾病控制率高于对照组（P <0.05）。实验组治疗前后胸甘激酶-1、神经元烯醇化酶、癌胚抗原、用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量、Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg、CD4^＋/CD8^＋的差值均高于对照组（P <0.05）。两组治疗前后丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素的差值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。实验组、对照组总药物不良反应发生率分别为25.33%和21.62%,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。截至随访结束,两组各失访2例。实验组73例患者存活59例,对照组72例患者存活56例,两组1年生存曲线比较,差异无统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 埃克替尼联合培美曲塞治疗EGFR敏感突变NSCLC患者,可增强近期抗肿瘤疗效,抑制肿瘤标志物合成,改善肺功能及免疫功能,且安全性良好。