全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3319篇 |
免费 | 181篇 |
国内免费 | 194篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21篇 |
儿科学 | 41篇 |
妇产科学 | 13篇 |
基础医学 | 441篇 |
口腔科学 | 45篇 |
临床医学 | 258篇 |
内科学 | 655篇 |
皮肤病学 | 29篇 |
神经病学 | 114篇 |
特种医学 | 77篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 367篇 |
综合类 | 579篇 |
预防医学 | 113篇 |
眼科学 | 22篇 |
药学 | 545篇 |
中国医学 | 181篇 |
肿瘤学 | 192篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 105篇 |
2020年 | 61篇 |
2019年 | 83篇 |
2018年 | 151篇 |
2017年 | 69篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 161篇 |
2013年 | 206篇 |
2012年 | 196篇 |
2011年 | 200篇 |
2010年 | 144篇 |
2009年 | 171篇 |
2008年 | 161篇 |
2007年 | 183篇 |
2006年 | 187篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 184篇 |
2003年 | 164篇 |
2002年 | 102篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3694条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Sophocarpine attenuates toll‐like receptor 4 in steatotic hepatocytes to suppress pro‐inflammatory cytokines synthesis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
2.
Haruhito Adam Uchida Yoshio Nakamura Masanobu Kaihara Hisanao Norii Yoshihisa Hanayama Hitoshi Sugiyama Yohei Maeshima Yasushi Yamasaki Hirofumi Makino 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(12):3475-3480
BACKGROUND: Decreased plasma adiponectin is associated with impaired endothelial function and, thereby, increased risk for cardiovascular events. Glucocorticoid (GC) affects vascular endothelial cells either favourably or harmfully depending upon the dosages and duration. We examined the effect of GC pulse therapy on vascular endothelial function. METHODS: Fourteen young patients with IgA nephropathy were evaluated for flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), plasma levels of adiponectin both in high molecular weight (HMW adiponectin) form and in single molecular form (total adiponectin), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein, before and after a course of GC pulse therapy. RESULTS: GC pulse therapy significantly decreased FMD (from 7.2 +/- 2.6 to 5.7 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, plasma adiponectin levels were significantly augmented (total adiponectin: from 10.2 +/- 4.0 to 12.1 +/- 6.3 microg/ml, P < 0.05; HMW: from 6.5 +/- 3.2 to 7.7 +/- 3.3 microg/ml, P < 0.05). In parallel, elevated concentrations of serum HGF (from 0.28 +/- 0.12 to 0.63 +/- 0.38 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and plasma ADMA (from 0.45 +/- 0.07 to 0.53 +/- 0.04 nmol/ml, P < 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: GC pulse therapy impaired endothelial function while increasing plasma adiponectin levels, which may in turn restore the endothelial function in patients with IgA nephropathy. 相似文献
3.
稳定性核素测定大鼠小肠蛋白质合成 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的:建立稳定性核素([L-^15N]亮氨酸)测定大鼠小肠蛋白质合成率的方法。方法:分别测定静脉注射相同剂量[L-^15N]亮氨酸不同时相的大鼠小肠^15N丰度及不同剂量[L-^15N]亮氨酸同一时相的大鼠小肠^15N丰度。结果:大鼠小肠游离氨基酸池中^15N核素丰度在注射后0.5h内呈线性上升并达高峰,维持4h后缓慢下降,小肠蛋白质中的^15N丰度0.5h至12h基本维持不变;随着注射剂量的增加,大鼠小肠蛋白质分数合成率(FSR)亦增加,当[L-^15N]亮氨酸剂量在1.0mmol/kg以上,FSR并不随施加[L15N]亮氨酸剂量的加大而增加。结论:在进行大鼠小肠蛋白质合成率测定时,一次性静脉注射的测量最佳时限为0.5h,剂量为1.0mmol/kg。 相似文献
4.
柴胡及甘草酸对小鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
目的:研究柴胡(RB)及甘草酸(GL)对小鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。方法:以肝/体重比,肝组织DNA含量,组织学改变及原位凋亡细胞TUNEL反应为指标,观察RB(12.0g/kg)及GL(50mg/kg)ip,1次/8h,对撇除苯巴比胺钠(PB)后引起的小鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果:与对照组C相比,RB组小鼠肝/体重比及肝DNA含量无明显回落,组织学检查未见明显凋亡改变,TUNEL反应阴性,GL组小鼠肝/ 相似文献
5.
A rapid and sensitive method for measuring monooxygenase activities in hepatocytes cultured in 96-well plates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Measurement of biotransformation activities in cells is of great importance for drug metabolism and toxicologic studies. It is currently done by measuring the enzymatic activities in partially purified microsomes. In the present work we report on a rapid, easy, sensitive, and reproducible fluorimetric assay for quantifying cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities (P450IA1, P450IIB1) in hepatocytes cultured in 96-well plates. The procedure involves the direct determination of enzymatic activities in intact hepatocytes while avoiding cell homogenization, thereby permitting use of a the reduced number of cells and allowing cultured cells to be used in later experiments. Substrates (7-ethoxyresorufin, 7-pentoxyresorufin) are added to culture medium and metabolized by hepatocytes. After enzymatic deconjugation, the fluorescent resorufin present in culture medium is quantified by means of a microplate fluorimetric reader. Major advantages of this technique, as compared to other available methods, are: a) no cell disruption is required; b) activity can be measured with a very small number of cells; c) rapid processing time; and d) possibility of performing repeated assays with the same cell monolayer. 相似文献
6.
Padmaja Yalamanchili Eric Wexler Megan Hayes Ming Yu Jody Bozek Mikhail Kagan Heike S. Radeke Michael Azure Ajay Purohit David S. Casebier Simon P. Robinson 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2007,14(6):782-788
Background
BMS-747158-02 is a novel fluorine 18-labeled pyridazinone derivative designed for cardiac imaging. The uptake and retention
mechanisms of F-18 BMS-747158-02 in cardiac myocytes were studied in vitro, and the biodistribution of F-18 BMS-747158-02
was studied in vivo in mice.
Methods and Results
Fluorine 19 BMS-747158-01 inhibited mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) in bovine heart submitochondrial particles with an IC50 of 16.6±3 nmol/L that was comparable to the reference inhibitors of MC-1, rotenone, pyridaben, and deguelin (IC50 of 18.2±6.7 nmol/L, 19.8±2.6 nmol/L, and 23.1±1.5 nmol/L, respectively). F-18 BMS-747158-02 had high uptake in monolayers
of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (10.3%±0.7% of incubated drug at 60 minutes) that was inhibited by 200 nmol/L of rotenone (91%±2%)
and deguelin (89%±3%). In contrast, an inactive pyridaben analog, P-0 (IC50 value>4 μmol/L in MC-1 assay), did not inhibit the binding of F-18 BMS-747158-02 in cardiomyocytes. Uptake and washout kinetics
for F-18 BMS-747158-02 in rat cardiomyocytes indicated that the time to half-maximal (t1/2) uptake was very rapid (approximately 35 seconds), and washout t1/2 for efflux of F-18 BMS-747158-02 was greater than 120 minutes. In vivo biodistribution studies in mice showed that F-18 BMS-747158-02
had substatial myocardial uptake (9.5%±0.5% of injected dose per gram) at 60 minutes and heart-to-lung and heart-to-liver
ratios of 14.1±2.5 and 8.3±0.5, respectively. Positron emission tomography imaging in the mouse allowed clear cardiac visualization
and demonstrated sustained myocardial uptake through 55 minutes.
Conclusions
F-18 BMS-747158-02 is a novel positron emission tomography cardiac tracer targeting MC-I in cardiomyocytes with rapid uptake
and slow washout. These characteristics allow fast and sustained accumulation in the heart. 相似文献
7.
Liver regeneration in acute severe liver impairment: a clinicopathological correlation study. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Aezam Katoonizadeh Frederik Nevens Chris Verslype Jacques Pirenne Tania Roskams 《Liver international》2006,26(10):1225-1233
BACKGROUND: Although normally quiescent, the adult mammalian liver possesses a great capacity to regenerate after different types of injury. Major players in the regeneration process are mature residual cells, including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and stromal cells. However, if the regenerative capacity of mature cells is impaired, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are activated and expand into the liver parenchyma. Upon transit amplification, the progenitor cells generate new hepatocytes and biliary cells to restore liver homeostasis. AIMS/METHODS: To study the relationship between different histopathological parameters as well as their correlations with clinical parameters and outcome, we examined liver specimens from 74 patients with acute or subacute severe liver impairment by immunohistochemistry for CK7/CK19 (evaluation of HPCs activation/differentiation), Mib1(Ki 67)/P21 (evaluation of proliferative activity/proliferation arrest of hepatocytes) and hematoxylin and eosin (evaluation of hepatocyte loss). RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 32% survived without transplantation, 14% died without transplantation and 54% were transplanted. Our results show that a threshold of 50% loss of hepatocytes, associated with significant decrease in the proliferative activity of remaining mature hepatocytes, is needed for extensive hepatic progenitor cell activation. Such activation is a sign of disease severity and occurs early (within 1 week) in the disease course. However, development of intermediate hepatocytes, suggesting HPCs differentiation towards mature hepatocytes, takes at least 1 week's time. We found a positive correlation between histopathological parameters (percentage hepatocyte loss, number of proliferating hepatocytes and number of HPCs) and clinical parameters of liver impairment such as model for end stage liver diseases (MELD). Surviving patients compared with those who either died or were transplanted had significantly less hepatocyte loss, less HPCs activation and more mature hepatocyte proliferative activity. Hepatocyte proliferative activity and degree of hepatocyte loss were the most important independent histopathological parameters in predicting outcome. CONCLUSION: Liver biopsy can provide important additional information in a patient with severe acute liver impairment. 相似文献
8.
次声90 dB和130 dB致大鼠肝细胞损伤的超微结构改变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:探讨相同频率(16 Hz)不同声压水平(90 dB与130 dB)次声作用下大鼠肝细胞超微结构损伤特点及意义.方法:将雄性SD大鼠66只,随机分为对照组(6只)、实验1(90 dB)和实验2(130 dB)组.根据次声作用时间,实验1,2组各分为1,7,14,21和28 d时间组,每组6只.在相同频率不同声压水平次声环境下每日暴露1次,每次2 h;取肝左右叶两个部位组织用戊二醛和锇酸固定,透射电镜下观察肝超微结构变化.结果:1 d组:90 dB环境作用下肝超微结构无明显损伤变化,130 dB环境作用下肝细胞内有脂滴出现;7,14和21 d组不同环境和天数次声作用后肝损伤出现脂滴逐渐增多和肝细胞部分变性坏死改变,发现肝细胞内的各种结构随次声作用次数增多其损伤程度逐渐加重;28 d组其损伤程度均有一定程度恢复.结论:次声下可以对肝细胞超微结构造成不同程度损伤,28 d后肝细胞对次声的损伤作用存在着一定适应现象. 相似文献
9.
10.
小鼠肝癌细胞H22对淋巴内皮细胞flt-4、c-fos、PCNA表达的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的:初步探讨有自发淋巴转移特性的肝癌细胞对淋巴内皮细胞增殖的影响。方法:弗氏不完全佐剂诱导Balb/c小鼠腹腔良性淋巴管瘤,分离瘤体消化法体外培养淋巴内皮细胞;H22细胞接种Balb/c小鼠腹腔,收集腹水制成H22条件培养液,观察其对淋巴内皮细胞生长和表达flt-4、c-fos、PCNA的影响。结果:小鼠淋巴管瘤来源的淋巴内皮细胞可成单层贴壁培养,在内皮细胞完全培养液和H22条件培养液作用下可增殖达到或接近铺满状态,并阳性表达flt-4、c-fos、PCNA,普通培养液不能支持细胞生长,flt-4等染色为阴性:结论:淋巴内皮细胞增殖可能是癌细胞淋巴路转移的必要条件。 相似文献