桔梗扦插繁殖试验

对桔梗进行扦插繁殖试验，结果看出：用茎基部作插条的成活率最高（５２．２３％），茎梢部作插条成活率很低（１．１１％）；用激素处理可大大提高插条的成活率，其中ＮＡＡ（萘乙酸）１００ｐｐｍ处理３ｈ最显著，比对照组提高２３．３３％；扦插基质湿度过大，会引起插条腐烂。     

天王补心丸全方及方中缺桔梗对小鼠镇静催眠作用的影响

目的:探讨中药古方天王补心丸对小鼠中枢神经系统的药理影响及舟楫之剂桔梗在该方剂中的作用.方法:采用小鼠自发活动计数、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间及抗惊厥试验等方法,观察天王补心丸方、缺桔梗的天王补心丸方、天王补心丸中臣药酸枣仁、酸枣仁与桔梗配伍及其桔梗单独使用时的镇静、催眠与抗惊厥作用.结果:天王补心丸有良好的镇静、催眠与抗惊厥作用,但该方去掉桔梗后,镇静、催眠与抗惊厥效果明显下降;天王补心丸中重要成分酸枣仁本身有较好的镇静催眠作用加上桔梗后效果得到加强,但不如天王补心丸全方,桔梗本身没有镇静、催眠与抗惊厥作用.结论:在天王补心丸方剂的配伍中,桔梗作为舟楫之剂确实能载药上浮,增强该方对中枢神经系统的作用.     

Screening and appraisal for immunological adjuvant-active fractions from Platycodon grandiflorum total saponins

In this study, the total saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PGS_t) was subjected to D101 macroreticular resin column chromatography to afford four fractions (PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅ and PGS₉₅). PGS_t and its four fractions were evaluated and compared for the haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). PGS_t, PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅, and PGS₇₅ showed a slight haemolytic effect, with their concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (HD₅₀) being 16.13?±?0.81, >200, 17.53?±?0.24, 20.16?±?0.76, 76.31?±?2.20?μg/mL against 0.5% rabbit red blood cell, respectively. PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ significantly not only enhanced the Con A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and HBsAg-induced splenocyte proliferation, but promoted the killing activities of natural killer (NK) cells from splenocytes in HBsAg-immunized mice (P?<?0.01 or P?<?0.001). HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ compared with HBsAg control group (P?<?0.05, P?<?0.01, or P?<?0.001). Moreover, the adjuvant effects of PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ on the cellular immune responses and HBsAg-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody responses were more significant than those of Alum, PGS₃₀, and PGS₉₅. The results indicated that PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ could improve both cellular and humoral immune responses, and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response to HBsAg in mice, and that PGS₇₅ may be developed as an ideal candidate adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine.     

正交设计考察不同干燥方法对桔梗质量的影响

目的确立桔梗的产地加工的干燥工艺。方法以药典方法并结合其他方法测定桔梗的出干率、总皂苷与水溶性浸出物的含量。结果桔梗采集后,洗净,以微波3min或80℃烘干较好,尤以微波干燥其出干率、桔梗总皂苷、水浸出物含量最高。结论通过微波干燥所得的桔梗饮片其桔梗总皂苷的含量明显高于晒干法,降低劳动强度,是一种值得研究和推广的干燥方法。     

固相萃取气相色谱内标法测定桔梗中拟除虫菊酯的农药残留

 目的 本实验建立了桔梗中甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氯菊酯、联苯菊酯等 6 种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的提取、净化及其气相色谱法。 方法 样品运用石油醚提取,乙腈 - 二氯甲烷 (5:95) 洗脱, GC-ECD 检测 , 内标法定量。 结果 6 种拟除虫菊酯农药回收率在 78.86% ～ 97.80% , RSD 在 1.17% ～ 11.63% ,可以满足农药残留分析的要求。 结论 方法灵敏度高,选择性强,操作简单、快速,净化效果好等特点,可应用于桔梗药材中痕量农药残留的检测。     

Platycodon grandiflorum extract represses up-regulated adipocyte fatty acid binding protein triggered by a high fat feeding in obese rats

AIM： To investigate the effect of Platycodon grandiflorum extract （PGE） on lipid metabolism and FABP mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced obese rats.
METHODS： PGE was treated to investigate the inhibitory effect on the pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 differentiation and pancreatic lipase activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 439.03± 7.61 g were divided into four groups： the control groups that fed an experimental diet alone （C and H group） and PGE treatment groups that administered PGE along with a control diet or HFD at a concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight （C ＋ PGE and H ＋ PGE group, respectively） for 7 wk. Plasma total cholesterol （TC） and triglycerol （TG） concentrations were measured from the tail vein of rats. Adipocyte cell area was measured from subcutaneous adipose tissue and the fatty acid binding protein （FABP） mRNA expression was analyzed by northern blot analysis.
RESULTS： PGE treatment inhibited 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and also decreased pancreatic lipase activity. In this experiment, PGE significantly reduced plasma TC and TG concentrations as well as body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight. PGE also significantly decreased the size of subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, it significantly repressed the up-regulation of FABP mRNA expression induced by a high-fat feeding in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
CONCLUSION： PGE has a plasma lipid lowering-effect and anti-obesity effect in obese rats fed a high fat diet.From these results, we can suggest the possibility that PGE can be used as a food ingredient or drug component to therapeutically control obesity.     

桔梗总皂苷的制备工艺研究

目的研究桔梗总皂苷的制备工艺。方法桔梗粉末 (84 0 μm)共加 2 0倍量水提取 3次 ,0 5h/次 ,滤液行大孔吸附树脂柱 ,用水 乙醇溶剂系统洗脱 ,分离得到桔梗总皂苷。结果平均得率为 1 6 0 3%。结论该法适于工业化生产     

Anti-inflammatory,analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Glaucium grandiflorum extract

The species of Glaucium have been used in Iranian herbal medicine as laxative, hypnotic, antidiabetic agents and also in the treatment of dermatitis. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the aerial parts of Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss & Huet (Papaveraceae), a native plant of Iran, were studied using carrageenan induced edema, formalin and hot plate tests. The G. grandiflorum extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg had more edema inhibition than indomethacin at the doses of 10 (P<0.01) and 8 mg/kg (P<0.001) in the carrageenan test. The ED₅₀ (i.p.) in the edema induced by carrageenan was 13.59 mg/kg. In formalin test, the extract (60–90 mg/kg, i.p.) caused graded inhibition of both phases of formalin-induced pain. In hot plate test, the i.p. administration of the extract at the doses of 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg/kg significantly raised the pain threshold at a observation time of 45 min in comparison with control (P<0.001). The extract, at the antinociceptive doses, did not affect motor coordination of animals when assessed in the rotarod model. The 72 h acute LD₅₀ value of this extract after i.p. administration in mice was 797.94 mg/kg.     

Chemopreventive efficacy and anti-lipid peroxidative potential of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive efficacy and anti-lipid peroxidative potential of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Mammary tumors were developed by a single subcutaneous injection of 25 mg DMBA in 1 mL emulsion of sunflower oil and physiological saline. The tumor incidence and tumor volume that formed in the breast were determined. Oral administration of ethanolic extract of J. grandiflorum flowers (JgEt) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 weeks to DMBA-injected animals completely prevented the formation of tumors in the pre-initiation period. JgEt also exerted significant anti-lipid peroxidative effect and improved the antioxidant defense system in DMBA-treated rats. The results of this study clearly indicate that JgEt has potent chemopreventive efficacy in experimental mammary carcinogenesis and further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive principle from JgEt.     

飞燕草不同部位总黄酮的提取与含量测定

目的：提取飞燕草不同部位总黄酮,并对其进行含量测定,最终确定飞燕草最佳药用部位。方法：采用乙醇回流提取法提取飞燕草不同部位总黄酮,以芦丁为标准品,应用紫外分光光度法测定飞燕草全草、根、茎、叶及花中的总黄酮含量。结果：飞燕草全草、根、茎、叶及花等部位总黄酮含量分别为56.2%、47.6%、49.8%、51.3%、65.8%。结论：飞燕草不同部位中均含有总黄酮,其中花中总黄酮含量最高,根中最少,但考虑到不同部位的产量,建议以全草入药。