乳香提取物对急性非淋巴细胞白血病细胞诱导分化作用

探讨乳香提取物对急性非淋巴细胞白血病诱导分化作用，采用造血祖细胞体外培养技术研究乳香提取物对３６例急性非淋巴白血病细胞诱导分化成熟。结果：诱导分化率ＡＮＬＬＭ３（６７．９±７．９）％；ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５７．９±１１．７）％。ＮＢＴ还原率ＡＮＬＬＭ３（６７．８±３．９）％、ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５９．９±９．５）％。墨汁吞噬功能：ＡＮＬＬＭ３（５６±８．９）％，ＡＮＬＬＭ２ａ（５９．８±８．７）％。结论：乳香提取物对急性非淋巴白血病细胞有诱导分化作用，使之诱导分化成熟，并恢复其功能     

Efficacy of Frankincense and Myrrha in Treatment of Acute Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in the treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). Methods: The effects of frankincense and myrrha on the proliferation and migration of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs) were assessed in vitro. In the animal study, 48 virgin female rats were randomized into 4 groups (12 in each group): (1) control group (saline-injected control); (2) cyclophosphamide (CYP) group (intraperitoneal injected 150 mg/kg CYP); (3) CYP + pentosan polysulfate sodium group (orally received 50 mg/kg pentosan polysulfate sodium); and (4) CYP + frankincense and myrrha group [orally received frankincense (200 mg/kg) and myrrha (200 mg/kg)]. Rats orally received pentosan polysulfate sodium or frankincense and myrrha on day 1, 2, and 3. The experiments were performed on day 4. Pain and cystometry assessment behavior test were performed. Voiding interval values were assessed in rats under anesthesia. Finally, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression. Results: Low dose frankincense and myrrha increased cell proliferation and migration in HUCs compared with control (P<0.05). Rats with acute IC/PBS rats exhibited lower voiding interval values, pain tolerance, and ZO-2 expression (P<0.05). Voiding interval values and pain tolerance were higher in the frankincense and myrrha group than CYP group (P<0.05). ZO-2 expression in the bladder was increased in the CYP + pentosan polysulfate and frankincense + myrrha groups compared with the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: frankincense and myrrha modulate urothelial wound healing, which ameliorates typical features of acute IC/PBS in rats.     

气相指纹图谱结合化学计量学分析在中药鉴别中的应用—以3种乳香为例

目的：建立乳香的气相色谱指纹图谱结合化学计量学分析的方法用于3种乳香的鉴别。方法：样品经甲醇超声提取,用HP-5MS毛细管柱采用程序升温的模式进行分离,以FID检测器检测,记录色谱图,并使用ChemPattern软件进行二维聚类分析、主成分分析、相似度分析和模式识别研究。结果：索马里乳香、埃塞俄比亚乳香和印度乳香分别有12、18和25个共有峰。指纹图谱采用二维聚类分析和主成分分析,可区分3种乳香。以23批埃塞俄比亚乳香作为共有模式,3种乳香的相似度均大于0.80,其中所有埃塞俄比亚乳香的相似度均大于0.97。并进一步选择了kNN算法用于模式识别。结论：本方法准确、专属性强、重现性好,可用于乳香的鉴别。     

乳香、没药挥发油促九分散方中生物碱类成分的HaCaT细胞摄取及其机制研究

目的研究九分散中乳香、没药挥发油促进角质形成细胞HaCaT摄取马钱子碱、士的宁及盐酸麻黄碱的作用及其机制。方法采用CCK-8法检测乳香、没药挥发油单用/药对与九分散方中马钱子碱、士的宁、盐酸麻黄碱配伍对HaCaT细胞存活率的影响;采用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)定量分析法结合BCA蛋白试剂盒测定在乳香、没药挥发油作用下HaCaT细胞对3种生物碱(马钱子碱、士的宁及盐酸麻黄碱)细胞摄取的影响;以DiBAC4(3)为荧光探针,利用流式细胞仪测定乳香、没药挥发油对HaCaT细胞膜电位的影响。结果不同乳香、没药挥发油均对3种生物碱有一定促透作用,且对脂溶性成分马钱子碱、士的宁的促透效果较水溶性成分盐酸麻黄碱好。乳香、没药挥发油分别作用于DiBAC4(3)标记的HaCaT细胞后,可降低HaCaT细胞膜电位,随着乳香、没药挥发油浓度增加,细胞膜电位荧光强度逐渐增强,具有浓度相关性,表现出类似氮酮的作用方式。结论九分散中乳香、没药挥发油均可促进HaCaT细胞摄取3种生物碱,促进机制可能通过影响皮肤表面负电荷而改变皮肤活性表皮屏障作用,从而有利于药物透过皮肤活性表皮层,其具体机制有待进一步探明。     

Geographical Origin and Level Identification of Frankincense Based on Hyperspectral Image

Background: As the demand for traditional Chinese medicinal materials increases in China and even the world, there is an urgent need for an effective and simple identification technology to identify the origin and quality of the latter and ensure the safety of clinical medication. Mineral element analysis and isotope finger-printing are the two commonly used techniques in traditional origin identification. Both of these techniques require the use of stoichiometric methods in the identification process. Although they have high accuracy and sensitivity, they are expensive and inefficient. In addition, near-infrared spectroscopy is a fast, nondestructive, and widely used identification technique developed in recent years, but its identification results are susceptible to samples’ states and environmental conditions, and its sensitivity is low. Hyperspectral imaging combines the advantages of imaging technology and optical technology, which can simultaneously access the image information and spectral information which reflect the external characteristics, internal physical structure, and chemical composition of the samples. Hyperspectral imaging is widely applied to agricultural product inspection, but research into its application in origin and quality identification of TCM materials is rare. Methods: In this study, the algorithm framework discriminative marginalized least squares regression (DMLSR) was used for feature extraction of frankincense hyperspectral data. The DMLSR with intraclass compactness graph and manifold regularization can efficiently learn the projective samples with higher separability and less redundant information than the original samples. Then, the discriminative collaborative representation with Tikhonov regularization (DCRT) was applied for classifying the geographical origin and level of frankincense. DCRT introducesthe discriminant regularization term and incorporates SID, which is more sensitive to the spectrum as the measurement method and is more suitable for the frankincense spectral data compared with SVM. Results: For the origin classification task, samples of all levels from each origin were, respectively, selected for three?way classification. We used 10-fold cross-validation to select a model parameter in the experiment. When obtaining the optimal parameters, we randomly selected the training set and testing set, where the training set accounts for 70% and the training set for 30%. After repeating this random process 10 times, we obtained the final average classification accuracy, which is higher than 90%, and the standard deviation fluctuation is usually small. For the level classification task, samples of each level from three origins were separately selected for multiclassification. We randomly selected the training set and testing set from each origin. The level classification results of the three origins are good on D4350 data, and the classification accuracy of each level is basically above 80%. Conclusion: Experiments and analysis show that our algorithm framework has excellent classification performance, which is stable in origin classification and has potential for generalization. In addition, the experiments show that in our algorithm framework, different classification tasks need to combine different data sources to achieve better classification and recognition, as the origin classification task uses frankincense’s D3000 data, and level classification task uses frankincense’s D4350 data.     

乳香挥发油的超临界CO2萃取工艺研究

目的优化超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取乳香挥发油的工艺。方法采用正交试验,以挥发油萃取率为考查指标,研究超临界CO2流体萃取乳香挥发油过程中压力、温度、CO2流量的影响。结果确定的较佳提取工艺是压力15MPa,温度35℃,CO2流量30L/h。结论该工艺稳定可行,为乳香挥发油的进一步开发奠定基础。     

无名异炮制乳香的最佳工艺研究

目的探讨无名异制乳香的炮制工艺。方法以水浸提物挥发油含量及醇浸提物量为主要考察指标,采用正交设计筛选工艺。结果用无名异炮制的乳香,加9倍量水,提取6 h,以中火炒制,20%无名异和5%醋的炮制品中挥发油的含量和醇浸出物含量最高。结论火候、无名异和醋的用量是影响无名异制乳香中挥发油含量和醇提取物量的重要因素。该工艺是在生产条件下优选出的,对指导生产有参考价值。     

Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview

The resin of Boswellia species has been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies and in medicines since time immemorial. Boswellia serrata (Salai/Salai guggul), is a moderate to large sized branching tree of family Burseraceae (Genus Boswellia), grows in dry mountainous regions of India, Northern Africa and Middle East. Oleo gum-resin is tapped from the incision made on the trunk of the tree and is then stored in specially made bamboo basket for removal of oil content and getting the resin solidified. After processing, the gum-resin is then graded according to its flavour, colour, shape and size. In India, the States of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are the main source of Boswellia serrata. Regionally, it is also known by different names. The oleo gum-resins contain 30-60% resin, 5-10% essential oils, which are soluble in the organic solvents, and the rest is made up of polysaccharides. Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. The resinous part of Boswellia serrata possesses monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetracyclic triterpenic acids and four major pentacyclic triterpenic acids i.e. β-boswellic acid, acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, responsible for inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes. Out of these four boswellic acids, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid is the most potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme responsible for inflammation.     

醋乳香现代研究进展及质量标志物的预测

醋乳香是乳香Olibanum经醋炙法加工后的炮制品,炮制后可除去部分挥发油成分,消除其对胃黏膜的刺激性,同时能引药入经增强活血止痛、收敛生肌等功效。通过总结文献报道,从醋炙后化学成分与功效变化,刺激性研究,成分特有性、有效性、可测性,配伍环境及体内过程相关性等方面对醋乳香的质量标志物（Q-marker）进行预测分析,初步确定3-乙酰基-9,11-去氢-β-乳香酸、3-乙酰基-α-乳香酸、3-乙酰基-β-乳香酸、11-羰基-β-乳香酸、11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸5个三萜类成分和挥发油类成分乙酸辛酯为其可能的Q-marker,以期为醋乳香的全程质量评价、临床应用研究提供理论依据。