奇奥心血丹滴丸对麻醉犬血流动力学的作用

目的观察奇奥心血丹滴丸对麻醉犬血流动力学的作用.方法3%戊巴比妥钠静脉麻醉,颈总脉插管及左心室插管,测量血压、心率、心输出量、左室内压、左室舒张末压、±dp/dtmax等血流动力学指标.结果奇奥心血丹滴丸可明显降低血压、心率、心输出量、左室内压、±dp/dtmax.结论奇奥心血丹丸具有负性频率、负性肌力及降低血压等作用.     

KD306型耐硫甲烷化催化剂有效扩散系数的测定

基于开发的计算机取样系统,采用ＳＰＳＲ法脉冲动态测试ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的有效扩散系数。线性化和参数估值的结果吻合较好,证实：线性化简化是合理的,参数估值是可用于有效扩散系数。ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的曲折因子为７．２。     

多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊与片剂的人体生物等效性

目的 :研究多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊和多西环素片的人体生物等效性与药动学。方法 :2 0名男性健康志愿者随机分 2组 ,按双周期交叉口服单剂量 2 0 0mg多西环素的 2种制剂 ,分别于服药前及服药后 0 5 ,1,1 5 ,2 ,2 5 ,3,4,6 ,8,12 ,2 4,48,72h取血样 ,以HPLC法测定血浆中多西环素浓度 ,计算 2种制剂相对生物利用度参数 ,并评价其生物等效性。结果 :口服受试制剂多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊和参比制剂多西环素片的药动学参数 :cmax分别为 (3 6 5± 0 81) μg·mL-1和 (3 6 5± 0 73) μg·mL-1,tmax分别为 (2 5± 0 3)h和 (2 2± 0 7)h ,T1/ 2 (消除半衰期 )分别为 (2 1 4 8± 3 2 0 )h和 (2 1 85± 3 11)h ,AUC0→ 72 分别为 (72 18±2 2 6 8) μg·h·mL-1和 (72 0 6± 2 1 0 8) μg·h·mL-1,AUC0→∞ 分别为 (81 4 4± 2 4 94) μg·h·mL-1和 (81 82± 2 3 19) μg·h·mL-1,多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊相对生物利用度为 (10 1 9± 2 5 2 ) %,对参数cmax,AUC0→ 72 先进行方差分析 ,再进行双单侧t检验 ,表明 2种制剂的参数生物等效 ,tmax经非参数检验表明无统计学差异。结论 :多西环素肠溶微胶囊和多西环素片具有生物等效性。     

Drug release from reservoir pellets compacted with some excipients of different physical properties

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the size and the porosity of excipient microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles on the densification and the deformation during compaction and the consequent effect on the drug release from reservoir pellets. Drug pellets consisting of salicylic acid and microcrystalline cellulose were prepared by extrusion-spheronisation and spray-coated with ethyl cellulose (ethanol solution). Excipient pellets of different size and porosity were prepared by extrusion-spheronisation or direct spheronisation. Five binary mixtures of reservoir pellets and excipient particles were prepared in the proportion 1:7 and lubricated. After compaction the reservoir pellets were retrieved and analysed to determine the intragranular porosity, surface area, shape and drug release. The reservoir pellets were shown to undergo extensive deformation and densification during compaction, resulting in a preserved or even prolonged drug release time. The mode of deformation of the reservoir pellets seems to be critical for the compression-induced change in drug release. Formation of large indents has a negative effect on the release time, while the use of small particles or small deformable agglomerates has a protective effect. We also hypothesize that the coating structure changes during compaction and the final structure of the coating is the net effect of two parallel processes, one reducing and one prolonging the drug transport time across the coating.     

Effect of intragranular porosity on compression behaviour of and drug release from reservoir pellets

In this study, reservoir pellets were prepared and their compression behaviour as well as the importance of their porosity for compression-induced changes in drug release was investigated. Pellets of three different porosities, consisting of microcrystalline cellulose and salicylic acid, were prepared by extrusion–spheronisation and spray-coated with ethyl cellulose (ethanol solution). Lubricated reservoir pellets were compressed and retrieved by deaggregation of the tablets. The retrieved pellets were analysed regarding porosity, thickness, surface area, shape and drug release. It was found that the coating did not significantly affect their compression behaviour. Compaction of pellets of high original porosity considerably affected densification and degree of deformation, whereas the effect on drug release was minor. For low porosity pellets the influence of compaction on drug release was appreciable, but only slight regarding densification and degree of deformation. In conclusion, the porosity of pellets is a potential factor that the formulator can use to optimize drug release and one that can affect the robustness of a formulation during manufacture. Moreover, the coating may be able to adapt to the densification and deformation of the pellets.     

中药浸膏微丸制备研究

目的:制备圆整度好、含药量较高的中药浸膏微丸.方法:用挤出滚圆制粒法制备微丸,并考察微丸的部分物理性质.结果:微丸中浸膏含量达40%,成品收率达80%,微丸物理性能稳定.结论:用挤出滚圆法制备的中药浸膏微丸具有产率高、物理性能优良的特点,挤出滚圆法在中药制粒领域具有巨大的应用潜力.     

HPLC法检查小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片中的游离水杨酸

目的:建立HPLC法检查小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片中游离水杨酸的方法.方法:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,甲醇-水-冰醋酸(8:5.5:1)为流动相,检测波长302nm.结果:水杨酸在1.53～30.54μg·mL-1(r=0.9999)的浓度范围内线性关系良好;方法平均回收率为99.92%,RSD为0.77%(n=6).结论:本方法快速、准确,可用于检查小剂量阿司匹林肠溶片中的游离水杨酸.     

甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片的制备及质量控制

目的:研制甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片的制备工艺和处方,考察其体外释放度并制定该剂型的质量评价标准.方法:模拟服药后该剂型在胃肠道中的生理释药过程,用3种不同pH值的磷酸盐缓冲液作为释放介质,分别在其最大吸收波长277,321和317nm处检测甲硝唑的吸收度,并根据特定时间的药物吸收计算出累计释放度.结果:药片在人工胃液、pH 6.8人工肠液不释药;在pH 7.8人工结肠液中2～20μg穖L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率104.8%,RSD为0.98%.结论:甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片的体外释放度检测结果合格.     

荧光分光光度法测定奥沙普嗪肠溶胶囊的含量

目的:建立奥沙普嗪肠溶胶囊的荧光测定法.方法:以无水乙醇为溶剂,采用荧光分光光度法测定奥沙普嗪肠溶胶囊的含量,测定波长为Ex=287.0nm,Em=368.0nm.结果:平均回收率99.71%,RSD为0.89%,线性范围为0.2～1.0μg·ml-1.结论:该方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于奥沙普嗪肠溶胶囊的含量测定.     

Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract

Context: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in Indian cultures.

Objective: To fractionate A. indica leaf extracts using bioactivity guided manner for identification of the active anti-inflammatory principles.

Materials and methods: Polarity-gradient sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) of A. indica leaves were screened for their anti-inflammatory potential using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model (1?g/kg). The chloroform extract was sequentially fractionated to obtain n-hexane (F-1), n-hexane-chloroform (F-2), and chloroform (F-3) fractions and their inhibitory effect on rat paw edema was evaluated (500?mg/kg). Inhibitory effect of F-2 on granuloma formation, plasma interleukin (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was assessed at the doses of 100, 200, and 400?mg/kg using the cotton pellet assay in rats. Three sub-fractions (SF-1, SF-2, and SF-3) were obtained upon chromatography of F-2, and their inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase was assessed at 200?µg/mL concentration. The sub-fractions were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: All the extracts showed significant anti-inflammatory effect; however, chloroform extract was the most effective against paw edema (53.25% inhibition). The three fractions of chloroform extract showed significant effect, while F-2 being the most potent (51.02%). F-2 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of granuloma and cytokines. Interestingly, all the sub-fractions of F-2 inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with almost equal potential. GC-MS revealed that chemically the sub-fractions were totally different from each other.

Discussion and conclusion: Anti-inflammatory effect of A. indica is a result of cumulative and synergistic effects of diversified constituents with varying polarities that collectively exert the effect via suppression of cyclo-oxygenases and cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α).