Metabolic response of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to essential oil of Ajwain and thymol

The effects of Carum copticum essential oil (CC EO) and thymol were assayed against fourth instar of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller by determining insecticidal activities and enzymatic responses. Concentrations of 5.42 and 6.81?μl/ml were obtained as LC₅₀ values for CC EO and thymol, respectively. The activities of esterases, aminotransferases, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the treated larvae by CC EO and thymol. Significant increases in glutathione S-transferases, γ-glutamyl transferase, and phosphatases were observed after treatment. Results revealed that CC EO and thymol significantly influenced the enzymatic activities of E. kuehniella leading to disruption of survival and metabolic responses.     

扶正解毒通络法治疗糖尿病足

目的观察扶正解毒通络法治疗糖尿病足(气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证)患者的临床疗效。方法将90例糖尿病足(WagnerⅡ级或Ⅲ级),中医辨证属气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证的患者随机均分成3组。其中治疗组A 30例,治疗组B 30例,对照组 30例。对照组予以西医内科常规治疗和蚕食清创,治疗组A在对照组基础上联用扶正解毒、通络生肌膏外用,治疗组B在治疗组A基础上内服中药汤剂。对比3组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、ABI、TcPO2、CRP、ALB、感觉阈值、创面面积等变化。4周为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。结果单纯西医内科常规治疗和蚕食清创的对照组临床总有效率为66.7%,加用中药膏外用的治疗组A临床总有效率83.3%;而内服汤药联合外用膏药治疗组B临床总有效率为90.0%,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。3组治疗前后中医证候积分、ABI、CRP、ALB、感觉阈值、创面面积变化均有明显差异,治疗组明显优于对照组。治疗组均未出现不良反应。结论中药内外联用治疗糖尿病足(WagnerⅡ级或Ⅲ级)气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证者疗效显著,在改善患者临床症状、创面面积及下肢循环、神经损伤等方面较单纯中医外治和单纯西医常规治疗疗效确切。     

Comparison of the protective effects of antioxidant compounds in the liver and kidney of Cd‐ and Cr‐exposed common carp

The aim of this study was to see whether the taurine (TAU), alpha‐lipoic acid (LA), curcumin (CUR), and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) protection against oxidative stress caused by heavy metals is owed to the metal‐decreasing or antioxidative effect. In this context, liver and kidney tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio L.) were exposed in vivo to model toxicants cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr). The tissues were dissected 96 h after intraperitoneal injection of the metals and antioxidant substances. Cd and Cr levels were determined in the liver using the ICP‐OES, but we could not obtain enough kidney tissue to make the same measurements in the kidney. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the GSH redox status and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. Of all investigated antioxidants, only NAC decreased metal levels in the liver. Cd had little effect on oxidative stress parameters, while Cr showed a weak prooxidative effect. Cotreatment with TAU/LA/CUR/NAC and Cr significantly increased liver SOD activity. Chromium induced kidney SOD and CAT, but all antioxidants lowered CAT activity. Cadmium reduced liver and increased kidney GSSG. NAC increased liver GSH, but the increase did not correlate with decrease in Cd. Curcumin given with Cd increased kidney and decreased liver lipid peroxidation, whereas TAU with Cr increased lipid peroxidation in both tissues. N‐Acetylcysteine was the most effective antioxidative agent, owing to its metal‐decreasing function as well as to its effects on the GSH redox status. We believe that the investigated antioxidant substances which may have been involved in the reduction of Cr caused an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in CAT activity. Changes in the GSSG levels in both tissues might be an adaptive response to the prooxidative potential of Cd. Because of their respective tissue‐ and metal‐dependent prooxidative effects, CUR and TAU deserve particular attention in regard to their use against metal toxicity, Cr in particular. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 129–137, 2014.     

基于“异病同治”探讨“补气解毒法”治疗“慢性难愈合创面”

"异病同治"是指不同的疾病,在其发展过程中,由于出现了相同的病机,因而采用同一方法治疗的法则。"异病同治"的理论基础在于辨证论治。"慢性难愈合创面"是指因多种外界或内在因素引起,经治疗1个月以上,愈合进展缓慢或仍未愈合的创面,多种疾病的过程中皆可出现"慢性难愈合创面",主要包括创伤性溃疡、糖尿病溃疡、下肢静脉性溃疡、压迫性溃疡,亦包括消化性溃疡和动脉粥样硬化斑块溃疡等,中医同属"溃疡"的范畴。虽发病机制复杂,其辨证总属"气虚毒损证"。故文章以"异病同治"为指导,系统论述"慢性难愈合创面"病因证治,从而为中医药治疗"慢性难愈合创面"提供重要理论依据。     

清热解毒利湿法治疗慢性盆腔炎体会

慢性盆腔炎是妇科常见病、多发病,现代医学多采用抗生素治疗,而中医治疗本病,治病求因,标本同治,具有一定优势。导师黄可佳教授认为湿热邪毒是本病之主要病因,治疗上以清热解毒利湿为总则,并针对患者体内湿邪之不同成因,审因论治,取得确切疗效。     

茵莲汤治疗糖尿病足及对神经电生理影响的相关性研究

目的介绍茵莲汤治疗糖尿病足及对神经电生理影响的相关性研究。方法研究纳入Wagner分级1～4级的糖尿病足患者60例,分为对照组和治疗组。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,采用具有清热利湿解毒功效的茵莲汤进行治疗,并配合外洗方煎水泡足。3个月后评估溃疡愈合情况,并复查空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血尿常规、肝肾功能、心电图及神经传导速度。结果治疗组总体疗效方面明显优于对照组,同时在降低餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,提高胫神经和腓总神经传导速度方面明显优于对照组。结论茵莲汤配合外洗方具有降糖、降脂、加速溃疡愈合,提高神经传导速度的作用,可有效提高糖尿病足患者的生活质量,减少截肢率。     

解毒活血中药配伍对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠主动脉NF-κB与MMP-9表达的调控作用

目的 观察解毒活血中药配伍对栽脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠[apolipoprotein E knocked-outmice,ApoE（-／-）mice]主动脉核因子-κB（NF-κB）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达水平的调控作用。方法 13周龄ApoE（-／-）小鼠分为高脂组（给予高脂饲料）和普通饲料组（给予普通饲料）,同时设13周龄C57BL／6J小鼠对照组（给予普通饲料）。19周后进行干预,普通饲料模型组、C57BL／6J小鼠对照组灌服生理盐水,高脂组随机分为解毒组[灌服虎杖苷26．6mg／（kg·d）],活血组[灌服芎芍胶囊110mg／（kg·d）],解毒活血配伍高剂量组（灌服虎杖提取物53．2mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊220mg／（kg·d）];解毒活血配伍中剂量组[灌服虎杖提取物26．6mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊110mg／（kg·d）];解毒活血配伍低剂量组（灌服虎杖提取物13．3mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊55rag／（kg·d）],洛伐他汀组[灌服洛伐他汀3．3mg／（kg·d）],高脂饲料模型组（灌服生理盐水）。17周后,取主动脉做常规石蜡切片,免疫组化观察其NF-κB和MMP-9表达的程度。结果 模型组ApoE（-／-）小鼠主动脉及粥样斑块NF-κB和MMP-9表达明显增加,虎杖苷、芎芍胶囊、洛伐他汀及解毒活血配伍治则的虎杖苷与芎芍胶囊配伍均可降低其主动脉NF-κB和MMP-9表达（P〈0．01）,且以解毒活血配伍高剂量组疗效最好（P〈0．01）。结论 解毒活血配伍可降低ApoE（-／-）小鼠主动脉NF-κB和MMP-9表达,且优于单纯解毒和活血组。     

Free radical scavenging systems and the effect of peroxide damage in aged human skin fibroblasts

One prominent theory of aging postulates an accumulation of cell damage resulting from nonenzymatic chemical reactions between important cellular components and free radicals. Fibroblast lines derived from skin biopsies of psychiatric patients ranging in age from 22 to 70 were evaluated soon after adaptation to culture. No significant correlation was found between donor age and the detoxification enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) or susceptibility to damage by oxygen metabolites as measured by cell viability or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage.     

柏连松教授辨证治疗小儿肛瘘

柏连松教授认为,小儿肛瘘多于出生后2岁内发病。因胎毒未清、脾胃虚弱、复感湿热之邪所致,还与小儿肛门局部发育不全有关。其治疗以清胎毒、健脾祛湿、清热解毒、消肿散结为主。柏教授以土茯苓为君药,取清泻胎毒、健脾止泻、不伤脾胃之功效,辅以蒲公英、虎杖、黄柏等药,药量减半。蒲公英清热解毒、消肿散结,虎杖清热解毒、散瘀止痛,黄柏既能清热燥湿、又能泻火解毒。诸药合用,使肛痈发作趋于缓解,减少发作频率,局部硬结软化消散。并结合中药外敷加强清热解毒、散结消肿的功效,使小儿免于手术而获治愈。     

带疱解毒汤联合泛昔洛韦和腺苷钴胺治疗老年带状疱疹临床观察

目的观察中药组方带疱解毒汤联合口服泛昔洛韦片、注射用腺苷钴胺治疗老年带状疱疹临床疗效。方法采用随机、单盲、对照的研究方法,将84例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,各42例。治疗组：采用口服中药每日1剂,每次200ml,每日2次,连续4周;泛昔洛韦片每次0.25g,口服,每日3次,间隔8h,连续1周;注射用腺苷钴胺每次1.5mg,肌内注射,每日1次,连续4周。对照组：泛昔洛韦片每次0.25g,口服,每日3次,间隔8h,连续1周;注射用腺苷钴胺每次1.5mg,肌内注射,每日1次,连续4周。用药后第8、15、22、29天进行随访观察判断疗效和带状疱疹后遗神经痛（PHN）的发生率。结果与对照组比较,治疗组的止疱、结痂、止痛时间明显缩短（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为85.71%和54.76%;显效率分别为9.52%和23.81%,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论带疱解毒汤联合泛昔洛韦、腺苷钴胺治疗带状疱疹,起效快、病程明显缩短、止痛迅速、提高患者生活质量、效果显著,且有效减少PHN的发生率。