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1.
A 1:1 adduct of methyl sorbate (MS) and 1,3‐di‐tert‐butylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (NHCtBu) initiates anionic polymerization of a nonconjugated polar alkene, allyl methacrylate (AMA) in toluene at ?20 °C. After the monomer is consumed quantitatively using a bulky aluminum Lewis acid, methylaluminum bis(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenoxide) (MAD), as an additive, successive ring‐closure occurs without highly dilute conditions to give a cyclic poly(AMA) containing α‐terminal MS unit, and an Mn of 8.8 × 103?58.5 × 103 with a narrow molecular dispersity index (Mw/Mn = 1.14–1.37). The lack of a need for dilution is due to the fact that an α‐terminal NHCtBu group is acting as the counter cation for the propagating center in the polymerization. From 1H NMR and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectra, combined with transmittance electron microscope (TEM) observation of a synthesized poly(AMA) with longer alkyl side chains prepared via a thiol‐ene click reaction, it is concluded that once the monomer is consumed, nucleophilic attack at the neighboring methine of the α‐terminal NHCtBu residue by the propagating anionic center causes ring‐closing to cyclic poly(AMA). 相似文献
2.
Gianluca Gambarini Lucila Piasecki Gabriele Miccoli Gianfranco Gaimari Roberto Di Giorgio Dario Di Nardo Adham A Azim Luca Testarelli 《Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc》2019,45(2):154-162
This study evaluated the effect of new motions of the motor TriAuto ZX2 on the cyclic fatigue of endodontic instruments. Vortex Blue 35.06 instruments were divided into four groups (n = 10) and tested for fatigue in a curved artificial canal (90° and 2 mm radius) using the following motions: continuous rotation (CR), Optimum Torque Reverse (OTR) set at 180° and the Optimum Glide Path (OGP), which was tested at 90° and 240°. The time to fracture (TTF) and the lengths of the fractured fragments were recorded. The mean TTF was significantly different among the groups (anova , P < 0.05): OGP 90° (213.39 ± 27.45), OTR 180° (121.24 ± 17.03), OGP 240° (45.24 ± 5.61) and CR (8.43 ± 1.27). Weibull analysis confirmed the shortest life expectancy for CR and the longest survival for OGP at 90°. The resistance to fatigue was affected by motions and pre‐set angles. The proprietary movements that are currently available for endodontic instruments were classified according to their kinematics. 相似文献
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心先安佐治小儿病毒性心肌炎临床疗效分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:分析心先安佐治小儿病毒性心肌炎的临床疗效。方法:136例病毒性心肌炎患儿随机分为治疗组及对照组,在相同的 基础治疗条件下,治疗组应用心先安2~5mg kg,加液静滴,每天2次。结果:心先安组;痊愈51例(75%),好转12例(17.65%),无效5例(7. 35%),总有效92.65%。对照组痊愈41例(60.29%),好转14例(20.59%),无效13例(19.12%),总有效80.88%。两组相比、差异有显著性 (x2=4.09,P<0.005)。结论:心先安治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎疗效确切,且安全、可靠。 相似文献
5.
G. Wu S. F. Fan Z.-H. Lu R. W. Ledeen S. M. Crain 《Journal of neuroscience research》1995,42(4):493-503
Prolongation of the action potential duration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by low (nM) concentrations of opioids occurs through activation of excitatory opioid receptors that are positively coupled via Gs regulatory protein to adenylate cyclase. Previous results suggested GM1 ganglioside to have an essential role in regulating this excitatory response, but not the inhibitory (APD-shortening) response to higher (μM) opioid concentrations. Furthermore, it was proposed that synthesis of GM1 is upregulated by prolonged activation of excitatory opioid receptor functions. To explore this possibility we have utilized cultures of hybrid F11 cells to carry out closely correlated electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of chronic opioid treatment on a homogeneous population of clonal cells which express many functions characteristic of DRG neurons. We show that chronic opioid exposure of F11 cells does, in fact, result in elevated levels of GM1 as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), concomitant with the onset of opioid excitatory supersensitivity as manifested by naloxone-evoked decreases in voltage-dependent membrane K+ currents. Such elevation of GM1 would be expected to enhance the efficacy of excitatory opioid receptor activation of the Gs/adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, thereby providing a positive feedback mechanism that may account for the remarkable supersensitivity of chronic opioid-treated neurons to the excitatory effects of opioid agonists as well as antagonists. These in vitro findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndromes and opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic opiatf addiction in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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目的:探讨五味子酚(Sal)对大鼠嗜中性白细胞(Neu)功能的调节作用.结果:Sal 1,10,100μmol·L~(-1)剂量依赖性抑制Neu功能,Sal 100μmol·L~(-1)使Neu表面伪足和皱褶消失,并可降低细胞内钙离子浓度、升高细胞内cAMP水平.结论:Sal可通过影响细胞内钙离子浓度、cAMP水平及细胞表面形态抑制Neu的功能. 相似文献
8.
S. L. Grant P. A. Phillips C. B. Gow 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(3):243-247
1. Epidermal growth factor is a potent mitogen that causes natriuresis, diuresis and inhibition of arginine vasopressin-induced water reabsorption. 2. The aim of this study was to determine any interaction between epidermal growth factor and the V1 (vascular) and/or V2 (antidiuretic) arginine vasopressin receptor subtypes. 3. Radioligand binding displacement assays demonstrated that although arginine vasopressin related peptides displaced both radioligands from renal medullary membranes at low concentrations epidermal growth factor displaced neither. 4. Arginine vasopressin V2 receptor second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) production was inhibited by epidermal growth factor (IC50 2 ± 10?7 mol/L) as was sodium fluoride cAMP production but only at much higher concentrations. 5. Therefore the diuretic effect of epidermal growth factor is not via direct antagonism of arginine vasopressin receptors but seems mediated via inhibition of the V2 second messenger system. 相似文献
9.
MARINA GOBBO LAURA BIONDI FERNANDO FILIRA TOM PIEK RANIERO ROCCHI 《Chemical biology & drug design》1995,45(5):459-465
Syntheses are described of the endo-Lys8a-vespulakinin 1 and of cyclo-Thr6- and cyclo-Nε-Lys-bradykinin. The linear peptides covering the entire sequences of endo-Lys8a-VSK-1 and Thr6-BK, and the decapeptide containing all residues constituting Lys-BK, with a Arg-Lys peptide bond involving the ε-amino function of lysine, were prepared by the solid-phase procedure based on Fmoc chemistry. Cyclization was carried out by the diphenylphosphorazide method. The amino-terminal octapeptide sequence of vespulakinin 1, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Ala-Thr(tBu)-Thr(tBu)-Arg(Pmc)-Arg(Pmc)-Arg(Pmc)-Gly-OH, and its Nα-Boc-[(Gal β)Thr3, (Gal β)Thr4]-analogue, were used to prepare Nα-(1–8 VSK 1)-cyclo-Nε-kallidin and Nα-[(Gal β)Thr3, (Gal β)Thr4, 1–8 VSK 1]-cyclo-Nε-kallidin. Peptides and glycopeptides were characterized by amino-acid analysis, optical rotation, analytical HPLC and FAB-MS. Consistent with previous findings, preliminary pharmacological experiments on smooth muscle preparations showed that the cyclic, or partially cyclic, analogues were significatively less potent than the linear ones. © Munksgaard 1995. 相似文献
10.
环缩酚肽抑制视网膜表达VEGF及PECAM基因和血管增生 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]观察两种环缩酚肽衍生物(Hep-A和Hep-B)对氧诱导的小鼠视网膜表达血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和细胞黏附分子(PECAM;ICAM-1;VCAM-1)基因的影响及血管增生的变化.[方法]建立氧诱导的血管增殖性视网膜病变模型,12 d开始给小鼠皮下注安慰剂(第1组,n=7)、Hep-A 10 mg/kg(第2组,n=6)或者Hep-B 10 mg/kg(第3组,n=6),每天两次.5 d后取出左侧眼,分离视网膜并抽提RNA,用荧光定量PCR测出上述基因含量,并分别求出每个靶基因与标准基因S16含量的比率;右眼经心脏荧光素灌注后取眼球做视网膜平铺片,用图像分析软件定量计算视网膜新生血管的面积.[结果]视网膜中VEGF/S16的mRNA比率为:第1组(0.554±0.050),第2组(0.355±0.037),第3组(0.287±0.051);PECAM/S16为:第1组(2.050±0.249),第2组(1.228±0.153),第3组(1.027±0.210).经ANOVA分析,第2组和第3组分别与第1组比较,视网膜中VEGF基因表达分别减少36%和48.2%(P=0.001);PECAM基因表达分别减少40.1%(P<0.05)和49.9%(P<0.01);而VCAM-1和ICAM-1表达无明显差异.视网膜平片检测视网膜新生血管面积:第1组为(1.06±0.03)mm2/眼,第2组为(0.17±0.01)mm2/眼,第3组为(0.11±0.01)mm2/眼;经ANOVA分析,第2组和第3组分别与第1组比较,视网膜新生血管的面积明显减少(P<0.001).[结论]两种环缩酚肽衍生物均抑制氧诱导的小鼠视网膜表达VEGF和PECAM基因,并抑制其形成视网膜新生血管. 相似文献