Inhibitory effects of chlorpheniramine and astemizolum on contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF2α

Summary The contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF_2α was markedly inhibited by chlorpheniramine (Chl) and astemizolum (Ast), both of which also decreased the resting tension of uteri, and their spontaneous contraction. The inhibitory effects of both drugs were dose-dependent. At high concentrations, Chl 7.4× 10^-4 mol/L and Ast 10^-4 mol/L could counteract the contraction of the uteri induced by Oxy and PGF_2α, and their spontaneous contraction as well. They decreased the resting tension to the lower level. The mechanism of their non-special relaxed action on uteri could not be completely explained only by their H₁-receptor blocking action. Whether they act by blocking calcium channel or by inhibiting calmodulin (CaM) remains to be further explored.     

复方制剂珮夫人小儿咳露中主药成分的含量测定

目的 :建立一种采用高效液相色谱检测复方制剂中氢溴酸美沙芬、愈创木酚甘油醚和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法。方法 :采用C1 8色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 0 2 5mol·L- 1 IPR -B6 甲醇溶液∶水 (含 2 %三乙胺 )∶磷酸 (12 0∶10 0∶1)为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 7nm。结果 :氢溴酸美沙芬、愈创木酚甘油醚和马来酸氯苯那敏 3种成分的回收率分别为10 0 .5 % ,99.5 % ,10 0 .6% ;RSD分别为 2 .2 % ,1.6% ,1.9% (n =7)。结论 :本方法简便 ,结果准确可靠     

Effects of Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Ureteroscopic Stone Removal: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) associated with intraoperative urinary catheterization is a distressing symptom during recovery from anesthesia. Anticholinergics have been used to manage CRBD. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine, which also has anticholinergic effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of CPM in preventing CRBD. Seventy-six adults (19-65 years old) with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, or III of either sex, undergoing elective ureteroscopic stone removal under general anesthesia were randomized into one of two groups (each n = 38). Group C (control) received a placebo, and group CPM received 8 mg of intravenous CPM before the induction of anesthesia. CRBD was assessed upon arrival in the post-anesthetic care unit at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h. The severity of CRBD was graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe. Tramadol was administered when the severity of CRBD was more than moderate. The incidence rate and overall severity of CRBD did not differ between the groups at any of the time points (р > 0.05). The incidence of moderate CRBD was higher in group C than in group CPM only at 0 h (26.3% vs. 5.3%, р = 0.025). However, fewer patients in the CPM group required rescue tramadol to relieve CRBD after surgery (31.6% vs. 60.5%, р = 0.011). CPM administration before the induction of anesthesia had little effect on the incidence and severity of CRBD after surgery, but it reduced the administration of tramadol required to control CRBD postoperatively.     

妥洛特罗贴剂联用氯苯那敏治疗小儿慢性咳嗽

目的观察妥洛特罗贴剂联合氯苯那敏治疗小儿慢性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法80例慢性咳嗽患儿随机分为两组,每组40例。在口服氯苯那敏基础上,试验组加用妥洛特罗贴剂(每帖0.5 mg,1^<3岁每次0.5 mg,3<3岁每次0.5 mg,3⁵岁每次1.0 mg)贴于前胸,每日一次;对照组加用复方愈创木酚磺酸钾口服溶液(15岁每次1.0 mg)贴于前胸,每日一次;对照组加用复方愈创木酚磺酸钾口服溶液(1^<2岁每次1 mL,2<2岁每次1 mL,2⁵岁每次2 mL),口服,每日三次。两组均治疗10 d,比较两组患儿日间和夜间的咳嗽症状、不良反应。结果两组治疗前日间、夜间咳嗽评分无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗10 d后,试验组日间、夜间咳嗽评分分别为(0.54±0.37)、(0.39±0.42)分,对照组分别为(0.78±0.42)、(0.86±0.63)分,试验组日间、夜间咳嗽评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组总有效率82%(33/40),对照组为62%(25/40),两组疗效比较差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗组出现给药部位红斑1例,两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论妥洛特罗贴剂联合氯苯那敏治疗小儿慢性咳嗽疗效显著,安全可靠,患儿依从性好。     

顶空气相色谱法测定马来酸氟吡汀中有机溶剂残留

目的：采用气相顶空色谱法测定马来酸氟吡汀原料药中的甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇3种有机溶剂的残留量。方法：采用DB-624（30 m×0.53 mm,3.0μm）毛细管色谱柱,载气为氮气,程序升温。FID检测器,温度为250℃。进样口温度为200℃。按外标法测定溶剂残留量。结果：甲醇,乙醇和异丙醇分别在2.182-152.74（r=0.999 1）,3.546-248.22（r=0.999 8）和4.082-285.74μg·m^l-1（r=0.999 7）范围内,线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为97.7%（RSD=1.5%）,99.0%（RSD=1.1%）,98.8%（RSD=1.1%）（n=5）。结论：本方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,适用于马来酸氟吡汀原料药中有机溶剂残留量的检测。     

HPLC法测定复方愈酚麻黄糖浆中四种成分的含量

目的建立测定复方愈酚麻黄糖浆中盐酸麻黄碱、愈创甘油醚、马来酸氯苯那敏、双氯芬酸含量的HPLC方法。方法采用Insteril ODS-3C18色谱柱,梯度洗脱,流速：1．0mL·min^-1,柱温：30℃,检测波长：257nm。结果盐酸麻黄碱、愈创甘油醚、马来酸氯苯那敏、双氯芬酸分别在0．4018～6．4287μg（r=0．9999）、3．1836～50．9379μg（r=0．9999）、0．1610～2．5762μg（r=1．0000）、0．1485～2．3759μg（r=0．9999）范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99．589／6（RSD=0．39％）、99．58％（RSD=0．30％）、99．36％（RSD=0．29％）、99．40％（RSD=0．46％）（n=9）。结论本方法经方法学验证可用于复方愈酚麻黄糖浆中盐酸麻黄碱、愈创甘油醚、马来酸氯苯那敏、双氯芬酸的含量检测。     

Effect of H1 blockers alone and in combination with morphine to produce antinociception in mice

Antinociception was assessed in male CD-1 mice by a modification of Haffner's tail-clamp procedure. The H1 blockers, including an ethylenediamine (pyrilamine), an ethanolamine (diphenhydramine), a phenothiazine (methdilazine), a piperazine (cyclizine) and an alkylamine (chlorpheniramine), all produced antinociception when given alone to mice and also caused potentiation when combined with morphine.     

薄层扫描法测定扑尔伪麻片中有效成分的含量

以硅胶ＧＦ２５４为吸附剂，氯仿－甲醇－氨水（９∶１∶０１）为展开剂，采用双波长薄层扫描法同时测定了扑尔伪麻片中的扑尔敏和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量。扑尔敏在紫外灯下检视，λＳ＝２５６ｎｍ，λＲ＝２８５ｎｍ；盐酸伪麻黄碱采用茚三酮显色，λＳ＝５１０ｎｍ，λＲ＝７００ｎｍ，两组分的平均回收率分别为９９３５％和９９０７％，ＲＳＤ分别为１０８％和０８１％。     

青紫汤加减治疗小儿过敏性紫癜22例

目的:观察青紫汤加减治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的临床疗效。方法:选取过敏性紫癜患儿44例,随机分为对照组和治疗组各22例,对照组给予扑尔敏、潘生丁等西药常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用青紫汤加减治疗。两组均1周为1个疗程,1个疗程后比较两组疗效。结果:对照组有效率为81.82%,治疗组有效率为95.45%,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组优于对照组。结论:青紫汤加减治疗小儿过敏性紫癜疗效显著。