Thrombosis preventive potential of chicory coffee consumption: a clinical study

The protective effects of plant polyphenol intake on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are widely acknowledged. Caffeine‐free chicory coffee is a rich source of plant phenolics, including caffeic acid, which inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation, and also phenylpyruvate tautomerase enzymatic activity of the proinflammatory cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). To assess whether chicory coffee consumption might confer cardiovascular benefits a clinical intervention study was performed with 27 healthy volunteers, who consumed 300 mL chicory coffee every day for 1 week. The dietary intervention produced variable effects on platelet aggregation, depending on the inducer used for the aggregation test. Whole blood and plasma viscosity were both significantly decreased, along with serum MIF levels, after 1 week of chicory coffee consumption. Moreover, significant improvements were seen in red blood cell deformability. No changes in hematocrit, fibrinogen level or red blood cell counts were detected. The full spectrum of these effects is unlikely to be attributable to a single compound present in chicory coffee, nevertheless, the phenolics, including caffeic acid, are expected to play a substantial role. In conclusion, our study offers an encouraging starting‐point to delineate the antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects of phenolic compounds found in chicory coffee. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

菊苣提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠肾脏果糖转运体9表达的影响

该研究给予雄性SD大鼠10%果糖饮水建立高尿酸血症模型,将其分为正常组、模型组、苯溴马隆组(20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、菊苣提取物高、中、低剂量组(5,7.5,10 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),连续42 d。分别测定血尿酸、血肌酐、尿素氮、尿尿酸,计算肾脏尿酸清除率;免疫组化法、逆转录实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)法分别检测果糖转运体9(glucose transporter family member 9,Glut9)在大鼠肾脏的蛋白及基因的表达水平。探讨中药菊苣提取物降尿酸作用及对肾脏Glut9表达的影响。结果显示菊苣提取物能降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平,增加肾脏尿酸清除率,降低肾脏Glut9的蛋白表达,抑制肾脏尿酸重吸收,从而促进肾脏尿酸排泄。     

Low Oral Bioavailability and Partial Gut Microbiotic and Phase II Metabolism of Brussels/Witloof Chicory Sesquiterpene Lactones in Healthy Humans

Free and glycosylated sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), which are abundant in leafy vegetables including Brussels/witloof chicory, possess health-promoting effects in vivo. However, the pharmacokinetics of dietary source of SLs remain largely unknown. In this open-label and single-dose trial, sixteen healthy volunteers consumed 150 g of Brussels/witloof chicory juice containing 48.77 μmol SLs in 5 min. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and after chicory consumption in 24 h. No SLs were detected in the serum, urine, and fecal samples before chicory consumption in all of the participants. Chicory consumption increased lactucin, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, and their glucuronide/sulfate conjugates, rather than lactucopicrin and 11β,13-dihydrolactucopicrin, as well as glycosylated SLs in biological samples. The peak concentration of total SLs in serum reached 284.46 nmol/L at 1 h, while, in urine, this peak was 220.3 nmol between 2 and 6 h. The recovery of total SLs in blood, urine, and feces was 7.03%, 1.13%, and 43.76% of the ingested dose, respectively. Human fecal suspensions with intestinal microbiota degraded glycosylated SLs in chicory, and converted lactucopicrin and 11β,13-dihydrolactucopicrin to lactucin and 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, respectively. Collectively, Brussels/witloof chicory SLs are poorly bioavailable and they undergo partial gut microbial and phase II metabolism in humans.     

Effect of Cichorium intybus L. seed extract on renal parameters in experimentally induced early and late diabetes type 2 in rats

Blood and urine biochemistry screening tests are important for initial detection of diabetes, determination of severity of its complications, and monitoring of therapy. We evaluated the effects of aqueous chicory seed extract (CSE), on renal biochemical parameters, histology, and Na+/glucose cotansporters, SGLT1 and SGLT2 expression levels using metformin, and aspirin as controls. Late stage type 2 diabetes (LT2D; FBS,?>300?mg/dl) and early stage type 2 diabetes (ET2D; FBS, 140–220?mg/dl) were induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ group) and a combination of STZ and niacinamide (NIA/STZ group), respectively. A non-diabetic group was included as control. Treatment included daily intraperitoneal injections of either CSE (125?mg/kg b.w.) or metformin (100?mg/kg b.w.) and oral aspirin (120?mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days. At the end, blood and 24?h urine samples were collected; and kidneys were saved at ?80 ?C. CSE reduced urinary α1-microgobulin excretion in ET2D (p?=?.043), and serum uric acid (p?=?.045), and glomerular diameter (p?相似文献   

Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Extracts of Zingiber officinale and Cichorium intybus

The present work was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ginger, chicory and their mixture against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. Carbon tetrachloride treatment significantly elevated the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities and the serum triglycerides and cholesterol concentration as compared to control group. It also increased RBCs counts and Hb concentration, total or differential leucocytes counts. However it decreased platelet counts, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet larger cell ratio. Methanol extract of ginger (250 and 500 mg/kg) and chicory (250 and 500 mg/kg) given alone or mixed (1:1 wt/wt) significantly restored the carbon tetrachloride-induced alterations in the biochemical and cellular constituents of blood. No toxic symptoms were reported in doses up to 5 g/kg. Alkaloids and/or nitrogenous bases, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes are the main active constituents of their methanol extract. The hepatoprotective effect of ginger and chicory was also confirmed by the histopathological examination of liver tissue.     

Inhalative occupational and ingestive immediate-type allergy caused by chicory (Cichorium intybus)

We report a first case of occupational allergy to chicory (Cichorium intybus) in a vegetable wholesaler. Symptoms occurred after oral, cutaneous or inhalatory exposure. The patient also reported reactions after ingestion of botanically related endive (Cichorium endivia) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa.) We identified the responsible allergen by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot to be a 48-kDa protein, confined to the non-illuminated parts of the plants. No cross-reactivity was found with mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen, which suggests that the vegetable is the primary allergenic material.     

菊苣提取物对腹型肥胖大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的： 从肠道菌群探讨菊苣提取物干预腹型肥胖大鼠的药效机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,即正常组、模型组、菊苣高、低剂量组和非诺贝特组。正常组给予去离子水,其他组给予果糖水并给予菊苣、非诺贝特治疗,生化法检测甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白,测量体重、腹围,实时荧光定量PCR微观观察肠道菌群的变化。结果：与正常组相比,模型大鼠甘油三酯水平、腹围明显升高（P<0.05）,体重、高密度脂蛋白有所增加但未见明显变化,大肠杆菌、乳酸菌数量明显增加;与模型组相比,菊苣提取物高、低剂量组及非诺贝特组可以显著降低甘油三酯水平（P<0.05）、降低大肠杆菌及乳酸菌的数量、增加双歧杆菌的数量;非诺贝特组可显著降低总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白的水平。结论：菊苣治疗腹型肥胖效果显著,其干预腹型肥胖的药效机制可能与肠道中大肠杆菌、乳酸菌数量的降低及双歧杆菌的数量增加有关。     

Comparison of native or reformulated chicory fructans, or non-purified chicory, on rat cecal fermentation and mineral metabolism

Chicory inulin has been identified as an effective prebiotic to promote active fermentation and lactobacilli proliferation in the large intestine, and to enhance calcium (Ca) digestive absorption and deposition in bones. The aim of this study was to compare, in a growing rat model, the effects on digestive fermentations and mineral metabolism of diets containing 7.5% inulin, using either a purified native inulin (_NATInulin) or a reformulated inulin (_REFInulin, based on a combination of short- and long chain fructans) or dehydrated chicory. All the inulin diets elicited a marked enlargement of the cecum and acidification of the cecal contents (P < 0.01) and these diets promoted succinic acid rich fermentation together with substantial amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially butyrate. After 1 month of adaptation, all the inulin diets strongly enhanced Ca absorption compared to controls (P < 0.01), but this effect was no more observed after 3 months of adaptation. Magnesium (Mg) absorption was stimulated by the inulin diets after 1 and 3 months experiment. Bone parameters were significantly affected by the chicory diet (enhanced distal bone mineral density and breaking load) whereas the purified inulin diets were less effective. In conclusion, with the present model, both _NATInulin and _REFInulin exerted similar effects as to (1) cecal fermentation and profile of end-products of bacterial metabolism, (2) stimulation of Ca and Mg digestive absorption and (3) overall effects on bone parameters. The particular effects of the chicory crude fractions on digestive fermentation and bone parameters suggest possible synergisms between inulin-type fructans and other nutrients.     

Chicory: Understanding the Effects and Effectors of This Functional Food

Industrial chicory has been the subject of numerous studies, most of which provide clinical observations on its health effects. Whether it is the roasted root, the flour obtained from the roots or the different classes of molecules that enter into the composition of this plant, understanding the molecular mechanisms of action on the human organism remains incomplete. In this study, we were interested in three molecules or classes of molecules present in chicory root: fructose, chlorogenic acids, and sesquiterpene lactones. We conducted experiments on the murine model and performed a nutrigenomic analysis, a metabolic hormone assay and a gut microbiota analysis, associated with in vitro observations for different responses. We have highlighted a large number of effects of all these classes of molecules that suggest a pro-apoptotic activity, an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect and also an important role in appetite regulation. A significant prebiotic activity was also identified. Fructose seems to be the most involved in these activities, contributing to approximately 83% of recorded responses, but the other classes of tested molecules have shown a specific role for these different effects, with an estimated contribution of 23–24%.