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1.
A consecutive series of 509 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were entered into a randomized, observer and patient blind, controlled, prospective, study to evaluate the efficiency of co-amoxiclav (‘Augmentin’, SmithKline Beecham, UK) compared with cefuroxime (‘Zinacef’ Glaxo, UK) plus metronidazole (Flagyl, M&B, UK) for the prevention of postoperative wound infections. One or three doses of antibiotics were given depending on the type of surgery and operative factors. Co-amoxiclav was given to 230 patients with a total wound infection rate of 5·6% and cefuroxime plus metronidazole were given to 225 patients with a total wound infection rate of 3%. The difference between infection rates was not significant. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic details, type and duration of surgery, risk factors associated with surgical procedures and postoperative management. Although not statistically significant, a difference in the wound infection rate for those patients undergoing colorectal surgery was seen:
for the co-amoxiclav group and
for the cefuroxime/ metronidazole group. The estimated cost to our hospital (October 1993) of one dose of co-amoxiclav was less that half the cost of cefuroxime and metronidazole. This study demonstrates that co-amoxiclav is an effective prophylactic antibiotic for abdominal surgery. 相似文献
2.
3.
The Relationship of Diastereomer Hydrolysis Kinetics to Shelf-Life Predictions for Cefuroxime Axetil
Ngoc-Anh T. Nguyen 《Pharmaceutical research》1991,8(7):893-898
Cefuroxime axetil, an ester prodrug of cefuroxime, is comprised of a 50:50 mixture of diastereomers A and B. The first-order hydrolysis kinetics of cefuroxime axetil were investigated as a function of pH, temperature, buffers, and ionic strength. Chromatographically identified hydrolysis products were cefuroxime, 2-cefuroxime axetil, and ,-sulfoxides. Buffer catalysis was observed in acetate and phosphate buffers. No significant kinetic effect was observed for ionic strength in the range µ = 0.1-1.0. The pH–rate profiles for hydrolysis of cefuroxime axetil isomeric mixture were obtained at 45, 35, and 25°C. The equation defining the cefuroxime axetil hydrolysis rate constant as a function of pH was k
obs = k
H(a
H) + k
s + k
OH(K
w/a
H), exhibiting maximal stability in the pH range 3.5 to 5.5. The predicted profile at 5°C was in excellent agreement with experimental data in the pH range 3.6 to 5.5. In the pH range 1 to 9, the maximum difference observed for individual hydrolysis constants of isomers was 27%. Shelf-life estimates based on the hydrolysis rate constants for cefuroxime axetil as an isomeric mixture were shown to be equivalent to those based on individual hydrolysis rate constants for isomers A and B. 相似文献
4.
目的 建立一种注射用头孢呋辛钠含量的测定方法。方法 以水为溶剂 ,采用旋光法测定。结果 在 2~ 1 0mg·ml-1的头孢呋辛钠浓度范围内 ,浓度与旋光度值呈良好的线性关系。回归方程 :C =1 4 .74 90α +0 .1 74 2 (r=0 .9999)。平均回收率1 0 0 .4 % ,RSD =1 .36 %。结论 所用方法操作简便、快捷准确 ,适合于该制剂的含量测定 相似文献
5.
一般线性模型在药物配伍试验中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的 建立药物配伍试验数据的分析模型。方法 用一般线性模型(General Linear,GLM)分析文献报道的药物配伍试验数据。结果 方差分析表可以指出那些因素对模型有显著影响;同类亚群表可将因素内平均值无显著差异者归入同一亚群,即同一亚群内的所有平均值相互之间的差弄无显著性(P>0.05),而不同亚群之间则有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 该模型可用于药物配伍试验的数据分析。 相似文献
6.
注射用头孢呋辛钠的HPCE测定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
建立高效毛细管电泳法测定注射用头孢呋辛钠的含量.采用毛细管柱(75 μm×60cm),运行缓冲液为30mmol/L硼砂溶液(pH9.2),检测波长254nm,阿魏酸为内标.头孢呋辛钠在6~30μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9996),平均回收率98.9%(RSD=1.82%). 相似文献
7.
目的:探讨克拉霉素(CLA)与头孢呋辛(CEFU)联合应用对肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的体内抗生素后效应(PAE)。方法:采用琼脂平板倍比稀释法和棋盘法分别测定CLA、CEFU单用及联用时对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并计算联合指数(FIC);建立小鼠股部肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌感染模型,并且应用平板菌落计数法测定CLA与CEFU单用及联合应用对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体内PAE。结果:CLA、CEFU单用及联用均对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌产生一定的PAE;两者联用的PAE长于单用时的PAE,呈浓度依赖性,联用后对肺炎链球菌体内PAE表现为相加或无关作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌体内PAE表现为无关作用。结论:CLA与CEFU联用能延长CLA、CEFU单用时的PAE。 相似文献
8.
目的探讨阿奇霉素与头孢呋辛联合治疗小儿细菌性肺炎的疗效。方法将湛江市赤坎区妇幼保健院收治的小儿细菌性肺炎患儿80例按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予头孢呋辛治疗,观察组给予阿奇霉素与头孢呋辛联合治疗,评估2组临床治疗效果及安全性。结果观察组患儿总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组体温恢复正常时间、咳嗽咳痰消失时间、喘息消失时间、啰音消失时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素与头孢呋辛联合应用治疗小儿细菌性肺炎能明显地改善临床症状、体征,改善预后,且安全性高。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)》2013,25(6):636-642
AbstractAn international, randomized, open-label, comparative study was undertaken in order to assess the efficacy and safety of azithromycin and cefuroxime, short sequential vs standard sequential therapy, respectively, in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). 180 adult patients were included in the study. 89 patients received azithromycin 500 mg intravenously (i.v.) once daily for 1-4 days followed by azithromycin 500 mg orally once daily for 3 days. 91 patients received cefuroxime 1.5 g i.v. three times daily for 1-4 days followed by cefuroxime axetil 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days. Clinical efficacy was achieved in 67/82 (81.7%) patients treated with azithromycin, and in 73/89 (82.0%) patients treated with cefuroxime. The mean duration of total (i.v. and oral) therapy was significantly shorter for the azithromycin group than for the cefuroxime group (6.2 days vs 10.1 days). Adverse events were recorded in 38.2% of patients treated with azithromycin, and in 29.7% of patients treated with cefuroxime (p = 0.20). Shorter sequential i.v.-to-oral azithromycin therapy of patients with CAP was as effective as standard sequential i.v.-to-oral cefuroxime therapy. 相似文献
10.
目的比较头孢呋辛、头孢曲松和头孢噻肟治疗老年社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效、细菌清除率和安全性特点。方法采用随机、开放、对照研究的方法.78例患者分为头孢曲松组28例.采用头孢曲松注射液,静脉滴注1g·次^-1,1次·d^-1;头孢呋辛组24例,采用头孢呋辛注射液,静脉滴注1.5g·次^-1,3次·d^-1;头孢噻肟组26例,采用头孢噻肟注射液,静脉滴注2g·次^-1,3次·d^-1;疗程10-14d,评价临床疗效和细菌学疗效。结果头孢曲松和头孢噻肟组临床疗效明显优于头孢呋辛组,其差别有显著性(P〈0.05);头孢曲松组细菌清除率是86.7%(13/15),头孢噻肟组清除率是85.7%,头孢呋辛组是62.5%,头孢曲松组和头孢噻肟组清除率明显高于头孢呋辛组(P〈0.05)。3组均未出现严重的不良反应。结论头孢曲松和头孢噻肟临床疗效及细胞清除率均优于头孢呋辛,是治疗老年社区获得性肺炎较好的药物之一。 相似文献