Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to ceftriaxone: Report of a pediatric case with recurrence after positive patch test

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is seen uncommonly in children and sometimes shows atypical clinical features in this population. Patch testing can be used effectively in children for the confirmation of the culprit drug in cases of multiple drug use. Here, we report a rare, pediatric case of ceftriaxone‐induced AGEP confirmed by patch testing with subsequent recurrence of the skin eruption.     

Clinical and bacteriological outcomes in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with azithromycin plus ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone plus clarithromycin or erythromycin: a prospective, randomised, multicentre study

This study compared patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation, who received initial therapy with either intravenous ceftriaxone plus intravenous azithromycin, followed by step-down to oral azithromycin (n = 135), with patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone combined with either intravenous clarithromycin or erythromycin, followed by step-down to either oral clarithromycin or erythromycin (n = 143). Clinical and bacteriological outcomes were evaluated at the end of therapy (EOT; day 12-16) or at the end of study (EOS; day 28-35). At baseline, mean APACHE II scores were 13.3 and 12.6, respectively, with >50% of patients classified as Fine Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) category IV or V. Clinical success rates (cure or improvement) in the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population at EOT were 84.3% in the ceftriaxone/azithromycin group and 82.7% in the ceftriaxone/clarithromycin or erythromycin group. At EOS, MITT success rates (cure only) were 81.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Equivalent success rates in the clinically evaluable population were 83% and 87%, respectively, at EOT, and 79% and 78%, respectively, at EOS. MITT bacteriological eradication rates were 73.2% and 67.4%, respectively, at EOT, and 68.3% vs. 60.9%, respectively, at EOS. Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 10.7 and 12.6 days, and the mean duration of therapy was 9.5 and 10.5 days, respectively. The incidence of infusion-related adverse events was 16.3% and 25.2% (p 0.04), respectively. An intravenous-to-oral regimen of ceftriaxone/azithromycin was at least equivalent in efficacy and safety to the comparator regimen and appeared to be a suitable treatment option for hospitalised patients with CAP.     

Vilsmeir法合成头孢曲松钠的工艺研究

目的　探讨头孢曲松钠的Vilsmeir法合成工艺。方法　用二氯硫酰代替二氯亚硫酰来制备得到改进的Vilsmeir试剂 ,用vilsmeir试剂活化的氨噻肟乙酸同 7-ACT缩合反应制备头孢曲松钠。结果与讨论　Vilsmeir法合成工艺简单、便宜、收率达 85 %。     

非淋菌性尿道炎合并盆腔感染药物治疗效果对比研究

目的探讨临床上对非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染有效的治疗方法。方法将妇产科及性病科门诊确诊的非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染201例病人随机分为2组,治疗组采用头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素治疗,对照组采用头孢曲松纳加口服美满霉素治疗。结果治疗组治愈率为80.95%,总有效率为97.14%;对照组治愈率为58.33%,总有效率为69.79%。两者的,临床治愈率及有效率有显著性的差异(P<0.005)。结论头孢曲松纳加阿奇霉素静脉给药治疗非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎合并盆腔感染取得良好的治疗效果,较头孢曲松纳加美满霉素效果有显著性提高。     

In-vitro activity of ceftriaxone combined with newer agents against MRSA

In this study, in vitro synergism in combinations of agents as ceftriaxone/dalbavancin, ceftriaxone/linezolid and ceftriaxone/daptomycin against MRSA strains were investigated. Thirty clinical MRSA strains were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of all antibiotics were determined using reference broth microdilution method. In-vitro activities of antibiotics combined against the strains were tested using two-dimensional checkerboard microdilution method. Results were interpreted as follows: synergy = FICI ≤0.5; ‘no interaction’ effect = FICI ?0.5-≤4; antagonism = FICI ?4. The MIC₅₀, MIC₉₀ and MIC_range of ceftriaxone, daptomycin, dalbavancin and linezolid were found as 128, 1024 and 16-2048 mg/L; 1, 1 and 0.5–1 mg/L; 0.12, 0.12 and 0.03–0.12 mg/L; and 1, 2 and 1–2 mg/L, respectively. Our results showed that the frequency of synergistic effects (FICI: ≤0.5) of three combinations were all at the same rate of 77% (23/30). No in vitro antagonism (FICI >4) was observed.     

某炼油厂466名苯作业工人职业健康状况分析

目的　探讨头孢曲松钠联合阿立哌唑对神经梅毒患者的临床治疗效果。方法　选取2014年1月—2019年2月淄博市第一医院收治的78例神经梅毒患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=39）和观察组（n=39）。对照组采用青霉素联合阿立哌唑治疗，观察组采用头孢曲松钠联合阿立哌唑治疗，并完成4周治疗及12个月随访。比较2组阳性与阴性症状量表（positive and negative syndrome scale, PANSS）评分、临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度（clinical global impression- severity of illness, CGI-SI）评分、T细胞百分比、细胞因子水平、不良反应及复发情况。结果　观察组治疗后4周阴性症状评分、阳性症状评分、一般精神病理症状评分及PANSS总分下降幅度均大于对照组（P均＜0.05）；观察组治疗后4周CD3+ T细胞、CD4+ T细胞、CD4+/CD8+ T细胞 、IL-2、IL-12水平上升幅度均高于对照组（P均＜0.05）；观察组治疗后1、2、3、4周CGI-SI评分均低于对照组（P均＜0.05）；观察组治疗后6个月、12个月复发率均低于对照组（P均＜0.05）。结论　头孢曲松钠在治疗神经梅毒患者中，能改善患者神经症状，降低患者临床症状评分，提高患者T细胞百分比，改善细胞因子水平，降低治疗后复发率，药物安全性较高，值得推广应用。     

注射用头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠(3:1)含量测定方法的研究

目的 建立同时测定注射用头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠中头孢曲松和他唑巴坦含量的方法。 方法 色谱柱为DIKMA Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 µm);流动相A为0.03 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-10%四丁基氢化铵溶液(995:5),用磷酸调pH至3.0,流动相B为乙腈：甲醇(1:2),以A:B=70：30作为流动相;波长为230 nm;流速为1.0 ml/min;柱温为30℃。结果 头孢曲松和他唑巴坦之间的分离度为2.89,头孢曲松和反式头孢曲松的分离度为12.41;酸、碱、氧化、高温和光照破坏试验表明,头孢曲松和他唑巴坦与其它杂质的分离度良好。头孢曲松和他唑巴坦的进样量在线性范围内进样量和峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为1和0.9999;平均加样回收率分别为100.3%和99.5%,RSD分别为0.90%和0.66%。结论 该方法操作简便,专属性和耐用性好,结果准确,可同时测定注射用头孢曲松钠他唑巴坦钠中头孢曲松和他唑巴坦的含量。     

Antinociceptive effects of ceftriaxone in formalin-induced nociception

Ceftriaxone (CFX) is a β-lactam antibiotic with analgesic properties. However, its role in the formalin-induced nociception remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of CFX in the 1% formalin test in rats. Formalin induced a typical nociceptive response (flinching behavior) of two phases. Local peripheral pretreatment (20 min) with CFX (400–800 μg/paw) slightly attenuated the flinching behavior in phase 2, but not phase 1. Acute intraperitoneal pretreatment (20 min) also reduced phase 2 of the formalin test. In both cases, CFX induced a dose-dependent antinociception. We also tested the effect of CFX 1 day after its administration and in two schedules of repeated administration. One-day pretreatment with CFX (50–400 mg/kg, ip) induced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in formalin-treated rats. Repeated administration (daily during 3 or 7 days) with CFX (50–400 mg/kg, ip) diminished formalin-induced nociception. Results suggest that local or systemic as well as single or repeated administration of CFX reduces formalin-induced nociception.