Impact of unilateral interposition sural nerve graft on the recovery of sexual function after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: A preliminary study

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an interposition nerve graft on sexual function after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: This study includes 64 patients, without hormonal therapy, who underwent a radical prostatectomy and intraoperative electrophysiological confirmation of cavernous nerve preservation. Twelve patients underwent a unilateral interposition sural nerve graft (UNG) for the resected neurovascular bundle. Twenty-one and 31 patients underwent bilateral nerve-sparing (BNS) and unilateral nerve-sparing (UNS) surgery without a nerve graft, respectively. As the age of patients was significantly younger in the UNG group than in the other groups, age-matched analysis also was conducted. Sexual function, evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire using the University of California Los Angeles-Prostate Cancer Index, was compared statistically among the three groups. RESULTS: In the age-matched analysis, the postoperative sexual function (SXF) score of the UNG group showed an intermediate level of recovery between those of the BNS and UNS groups at 12 months and reached the same level as the score at 12 months of the BNS group at 18 months postoperatively. The difference in the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups began to appear after 6 months postoperatively and increased steadily with time. However, the background factors, such as the baseline SXF score, the usage rate of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and the rate of comorbidities were different between the UNG and UNS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference of the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups increased with time after 6 months postoperatively. However, it might be difficult at present to attribute a better recovery of the SXF score to the nerve graft because of the difference in the background factors between the groups.     

自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的介入治疗

目的 探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊治方法。方法 9例单纯颈内动脉供血,其中6例采取球囊瘘内闭塞术,3例采用瘘口一同闭塞的颈内动脉闭塞术。11例采用微导管超选择性插管,行瘘的供血动脉及瘘口栓塞。栓塞后7例仍有供血者3例经压颈1个月瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,患者未再来治疗,2例采取经岩下窦途径和经眼静脉途径。1例单纯由颈内动脉脑膜支供血的行γ刀治疗。结果 13例栓塞后造影瘘口完全闭塞,7例栓塞后造影瘘口有显影,术后采取压迫患侧颈总动脉1个月,半年后3例造影瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,失去随访,2例经眼静脉、岩下窦栓塞海绵窦取得成功。γ刀治疗1例,症状消失。19例随访6个月未见瘘口再通。结论 介入栓塞是治疗自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘行之有效的方法。     

Clinical impact of CCM mutation detection in familial cavernous angioma

Introduction and background A 3-year-old Bosnian girl with a large symptomatic brainstem and multiple supratentorial cavernous angiomas, who underwent neurosurgical treatment, is presented. As multiple cavernomas are more common in familial cases, genetic analyses and neuroradiological imaging were performed in the patient and her parents to see whether there was any evidence for inheritance. This information is important for genetic counseling and provision of medical care for at-risk relatives. Currently, no recommendation is available on how to manage these cases.Results Genetic analyses demonstrated a novel CCM1 frameshift mutation (c.1683_1684insA; p.V562SfsX6) in the child and the asymptomatic 27-year-old mother. Sensitive gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the mother revealed multiple supratentorial lesions, whereas analogous imaging of the father showed no pathological findings.Conclusion This case exemplifies that seemingly sporadic cases with multiple lesions might well be hereditary and that presymptomatic genetic testing of family members may identify relatives for whom clinical and neuroradiological monitoring is indicated.     

脑内海绵状血管瘤28例临床分析

目的 分析总结了脑内海绵状血管瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及治疗效果。方法 回顾分析10年间收治的经病理证实的28例脑内海绵状血管瘤。结果 本组平均病程为2．6年，头痛、呕吐、癫痫发作、局限性神经功能损害为脑内CA的主要临床表现；病理表现为由窦状扩张的畸形血管构成，其内无脑组织；CT典型表现为脑实质内类圆形或结节状稍高密度或混杂密度灶；MRI T1W以等信号为主，T2W以高信号多见，部分可见瘤周环形低信号，无占位效应，无血管流空效应；DSA多表现为无特征的乏血管病变。治疗以手术切除为主。结论 脑内CA是生长缓慢的良性病变，目前以手术治疗为主，且效果较好。MRI是诊断脑内CA的最敏感的方法。     

脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质制备的实验研究

目的 探索脱细胞尿道及其海绵体基质的制备方法。方法取健康壮年兔完整尿道及其海绵体组织，以Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法进行脱细胞处理。标本做HE染色，组织学观察分析脱细胞效果。结果脱细胞处理11天后，成功获得脱细胞及其海绵体基质，所得基质外观良好。HE染色观察无细胞存在。弹力纤维排列规整，间隙较大，结构无破坏。结论利用Triton-X100与NH3H2O联合提取法可成功制备完整无细胞尿道及其海绵体基质，为尿道再造修复提供崭新思路。     

大肠海绵状血管瘤的诊治（附8例报告）

目的 探讨大肠海绵状血管瘤的临床特点、诊治原则和疗效。方法回顾1997年至2004年收治的8例大肠海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。结果8例患者平均年龄18岁．其中直肠海绵状血管瘤4例．直肠和乙状结肠海绵状血管瘤3例．金大肠海绵状血管瘤1例。临床表现为反复发作的无痛性便血和贫血。术前行电子结肠镜、腹部X线平片、气钡双重对比造影、CT和MRI等检查明确诊断。昕有患者均行于术治疗．平均随访36月（10～96月）．全部治愈。结论增强对本病的认识．重视电亍二结肠镜仵大肠海绵状血管瘤的首诊作用．影像学检杏进一步确定病变部位和血管瘤的范围,手术治疗是有效的治疗手段。     

经未显影的岩下窦途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经未显影的岩下窦途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(CSDAF)的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析7例CSDAF病人的临床资料,均经未显影的岩下窦插管,以微弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦和瘘口。结果5例插管成功并达到完全致密栓塞;2例导管虽插入海绵窦,但海绵窦分隔致导管位置与瘘口不相通,而改行面静脉-眼静脉途径插管行栓塞治疗。7例病人均治愈,随访5～20个月,均无复发。结论经岩下窦途径栓塞是CSDAF最常用的治疗方法,即使岩下窦未显影,也有相当部分病人可插管和治疗成功。     

两种不同入路手术治疗海绵窦区肿瘤

目的探讨海绵窦区肿瘤切除的手术入路,以提高手术全切率,降低残障率.方法对14例海绵窦内肿瘤行硬膜下入路切除5例,行硬膜外入路切除9例,比较两种入路的方法及疗效.结果行硬膜下入路者中全切除2例,大部切除3例;术后出现新的神经功能障碍4例.行硬膜外入路者中全切除5例,次全切除3例,大部切除1例;术后出现新的脑神经功能障碍3例,其中1例完全恢复.结论针对不同类型的肿瘤及生长特性,选择适当的手术入路和显微神经外科技术,可有效提高全切率,降低残障率.     

Transcranial cerebral oximetry and carotid cavernous fistula occlusion

Summary Different methods have been used in the evaluation and monitoring of the cerebral oxygen supply during neuro-interventional therapies. Attenuation of near-infrared light by the chromophores oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin have shown to be useful in the study of the cellular oxygen metabolism and oxygen delivery to the brain. Transcranial cerebral oximetry (TCCO) has the advantage of providing real-time information regarding regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO₂) by using wavelengths in the near-infrared range.We present a patient with a carotid cavernous fistula who underwent balloon occulusion and concurrent continuous TCCO monitoring. TCCO was found to be a useful tool providing immediate rSO₂ values during the angiographic and interventional procedures. Initial balloon occlusion of a carotid cavernous fistula resulted in partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery lumen causing an immediate decrease in rSO₂ which correlated with angiographic findings. Subsequent reocclusion of the fistula produced a slower and smaller degree of decrease in rSO₂ with clinical improvement in the patient. Changes in rSO₂ were detected before any adverse clinical event was observed. TCCO was reliable, safe, sensitive, and provided a real-time assessment tool for the monitoring of brain oxygen supply in a patient undergoing a neuroendovascular procedure.     

Giant infectious intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm presenting as intractable epistaxis

Infectious intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms usually present with ophthalmoplegia and/or signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. We report an unusual case in which a patient with AIDS presented with intractable epistaxis secondary to rupture of a giant infectious intra-cavernous carotid artery aneurysm. Culture of the aneurysm grew mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). The patient was treated successfully by excision of the aneurysm and reconstruction of the internal carotid artery with a saphenous vein interposition graft.