凹凸棒石对总有机酸的吸附作用

目的 考察凹凸棒石作为吸附沉淀剂对山楂水煎液及山楂化滞丸水提液中无效杂质的去除作用和对总有机酸的吸附影响.方法 以总固形物保留率和总有机酸保留率为评价指标,分别用普通凹凸棒石和酸化凹凸棒石沉淀山楂水煎液及山楂化滞丸水提液,评价吸附沉淀效果和对总有机酸含量的影响.并与自然沉淀法进行平行比较.结果 凹凸棒石在去除中药水煎液中无效杂质方面具有一定的作用;普通凹凸棒石对总有机酸有一定程度的吸附作用,而酸化凹凸棒石无影响.结论 凹凸棒石可以作为吸附沉淀剂应用于中药水煎液的纯化,对以有机酸类作为主要成分的制剂,应考虑使用酸化凹凸棒石以减少对有效成分的吸附.此外,仍有必要对凹凸棒石进行表面结构修饰方面的研究.     

植物生长调节剂对盾叶薯蓣产量及薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响

目的大田条件下,研究几种植物生长调节剂对盾叶薯蓣根茎中薯蓣皂苷元含量及根茎产量的影响。方法采用单因素施肥方法,结果采用SPSS17．0统计软件包进行分析。结果发现施用萘乙酸、多效唑、烯效唑和2,4-D均可大大提高盾叶薯蓣根茎产量,但对于薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响较小。对薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响,2,4-D〉膨大素〉NAA〉稀效唑〉多效唑：对盾叶薯蓣根茎产量的影响,2,4-D〉NAA〉多效唑〉稀效唑〉膨大素。结论喷施一定浓度的2,4-D,对优质、高产盾叶薯蓣的栽培,具有重要的实践意义。     

Performance,Reaction Pathway and Kinetics of the Enhanced Dechlorination Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Fe/Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Attapulgite Disaggregated by a Ball Milling–Freezing Process

Attapulgite (ATP) disaggregated by a ball milling–freezing process was used to support Fe/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (nFe/Ni) to obtain a composite material of D-ATP-nFe/Ni for the dechlorination degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), thus improving the problem of agglomeration and oxidation passivation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe) in the dechlorination degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. The results show that Fe/Ni nanoparticle clusters were dispersed into single spherical particles by the ball milling–freezing-disaggregated attapulgite, in which the average particle size decreased from 423.94 nm to 54.51 nm, and the specific surface area of D-ATP-nFe /Ni (97.10 m²/g) was 6.9 times greater than that of nFe/Ni (14.15 m²/g). Therefore, the degradation rate of 2,4-DCP increased from 81.9% during ATP-nFe/Ni application to 96.8% during D-ATP-nFe/Ni application within 120 min, and the yield of phenol increased from 57.2% to 86.1%. Meanwhile, the reaction rate K_obs of the degradation of 2,4-DCP by D-ATP-nFe/Ni was 0.0277 min⁻¹, which was higher than that of ATP-nFe/Ni (0.0135 min⁻¹). In the dechlorination process of 2,4-DCP by D-ATP-nFe/Ni, the reaction rate for the direct dechlorination of 2,4-DCP of phenol (k₅ = 0.0156 min⁻¹) was much higher than that of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP, k₂ = 0.0052 min⁻¹) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP, k₁ = 0.0070 min⁻¹), which suggests that the main dechlorination degradation pathway for the removal of 2,4-DCP by D-ATP-nFe/Ni was directly reduced to phenol by the removal of two chlorine atoms. In the secondary pathway, the removal of one chlorine atom from 2,4-DCP to generate 2-CP or 4-CP as intermediate was the rate controlling step. The final dechlorination product (phenol) was obtained when the dechlorination rate accelerated with the progress of the reaction. This study contributes to the broad topic of organic pollutant treatment by the application of clay minerals.     

凹凸棒石粘土口服制剂治疗消化道粘膜病变临床观察

目的 :评价凹凸棒石粘土 (attapulgiteclay)制剂对消化道粘膜病变疗效及应用前景。 方法 :用凹凸棒石粘土口服制剂治疗消化道粘膜病变 6 9例 ,其中急性胃肠炎 31例 ,慢性结肠炎 16例 ,溃疡性结肠炎 11例 ,消化性溃疡 11例 ,比较各组治疗前后症状积分 ,计算各组有效率 ,观察副反应。结果 :各组治疗前后症状积分相差显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,总有效率达 73.9%。结论 :凹凸棒石粘土制剂对消化道粘膜病变治疗疗效较满意 ,应用前景广泛。     

载纳米银凹凸棒细胞毒性研究

目的研究载纳米银凹凸棒的细胞毒性。方法采用原位还原的方法制备了载纳米银凹凸棒。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了载纳米银凹凸棒晶体结构及性能。结果 XRD发现载纳米银凹凸棒中,凹凸棒晶面间距没有变化,同时有银的衍射峰出现;XPS显示,银以单质和离子两种形式存在;TEM对样品形貌的观察表明,粒径为8~11 nm纳米银颗粒较为均匀地负载到凹凸棒表面。细胞毒性实验表明,载纳米银凹凸棒具有较低的细胞毒性。结论载纳米银凹凸棒细胞毒性低,细胞相容性较高。     

聚丙烯酸(钾)/凹凸棒吸水剂的制备及性能研究

在凹凸棒存在的情况下，以丙烯酸为单体，以N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂，过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂，采用水溶液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸(钾)／凹凸棒吸水剂。用TGA和SEM对产物进行了表征。IR分析证实了凹凸棒与丙烯酸发生了接枝共聚反应。研究了引发剂的用量、交联剂的用量和粘土的用量等反应条件对复合吸水剂吸水性的影响。当凹凸棒w=0．10时，复合吸水材料在蒸馏水和生理盐水中的吸水倍数分别大于1200和100。     

凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠的吸附作用与应用研究

目的研究凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠的吸附作用及应用。方法比较研磨法、搅拌法、超声法对吸附的影响,以L9(34)正交试验法筛选超声法制备双氯芬酸钠吸附物的主要因素,优化最佳的吸附条件;采用紫外分光光度法考察其在水中的解吸性能。结果最佳制备工艺条件为A3B2C3D3,即双氯芬酸钠与凹凸棒石的用量比例为1∶6,加水适量使双氯芬酸钠的浓度为4 mg/mL,超声2 h,静置48 h。应用研究显示,双氯芬酸钠吸附物在1 h平均释放度为91.77%,RSD%为1.40%,可认为已基本解吸完全。结论凹凸棒石对双氯芬酸钠有一定吸附作用,但缓释作用不明显,能否利用凹凸棒石作为辅料制备双氯芬酸钠的缓释制剂有待进一步研究。     

壳聚糖/凹凸棒复合辅料固化薄荷挥发油的工艺优化及粉体性能评价

目的 以壳聚糖(chitosan，CS)和凹凸棒(attapulgite，ATP)为原料，制备适宜于固化薄荷挥发油的复合辅料。方法 以3%冰醋酸为分散介质分散CS和ATP，薄荷挥发油为模型药物，薄荷挥发油保留率为考察指标，复合辅料改性比例、搅拌时间及搅拌温度为考察因素，通过响应面法优选CS/ATP复合辅料固化薄荷挥发油的最佳工艺参数，并对该工艺条件下复合辅料的粉体性能及固化挥发油后的湿、热稳定性进行测试，同时进行扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射表征分析。结果 复合辅料CS/ATP固化薄荷挥发油的最佳工艺参数：CS与ATP比例为1∶9，搅拌时间为16 h，搅拌温度为55℃。在CS/ATP复合辅料制备工艺优选条件下，50℃放置3 d后，薄荷挥发油的保留率为78.02%，较同等条件下未用CS/ATP固化的薄荷挥发油保留率提高了90.45%；CS/ATP复合辅料粉体性能测试表明，复合辅料阻湿性较好，复合后流动性良好。结论 CS/ATP复合辅料制备工艺简单，可操作性强，在固化薄荷挥发油方面有潜在的应用价值。     

Ball Milling Medium May Tune the Self-Curing Property and Root Canal Microleakage of β-Dicalcium Silicate-Based Cement

It is still a challenge to overcome the extended setting process of pure Ca-silicate as root canal fillers. We investigated the effects of attapulgite (a basic hydrous silicate of magnesium and aluminum) and ball-milling liquid medium on the self-curing properties of conventional β-dicalcium silicate (C2Si)-based cements. It was shown that a minor amount of attapulgite nanofibers (1–4%) had only a slight influence on setting time but caused a large increase in compressive resistance and structural stability. In particular, the ball milling media with different acetone/water ratios (3:0, 2:1, 1:2, 0:3) could directly influence the particle size distribution of C2Si powders, and the co-existence of liquid media (2:1 or 1:2) may be beneficial for shortening the setting time, enhancing early-stage compressive strength, and significantly improving the anti-microleakage ability of cement. Moreover, the composite cements also exhibited appreciable antibacterial efficacy in vitro. These findings demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the Ca-silicate powders could be tuned by adding a minor amount of inorganic silicate nanofibers and a simple ball milling condition, and such a facile strategy is favorable for developing novel (pre-mixed) Ca silicate-based cements as root canal sealers.     

凹凸棒黏土对甜叶菊水提液吸附絮凝作用研究

目的研究凹凸棒黏土(凹土)对甜叶菊水提液的吸附絮凝作用。方法采用单因素和正交实验,考察了吸附絮凝温度、水提液pH值、凹土加入量以及水提液浓度对吸附絮凝效果的影响。结果凹土吸附絮凝法的最佳吸附条件为在pH 8的30 mL甜叶菊水提液中加入0.4 g凹土于60℃时所得澄清效果最佳,凹土吸附絮凝法对水提液中莱鲍迪A苷(RA苷)保留率和固形物保留率分别为92.2%和70.5%,明显优于化学絮凝法的62.6%,57.3%。结论凹土可以作为一种新型吸附絮凝剂应用于中药提取液的分离纯化。