Five-year clinical outcomes using the bioresorbable vascular scaffold: Insights from the FRANCE ABSORB registry

Central illustration: cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) thrombosis rates after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years.

     

Effect of dipyridamole with or without aspirin on urine protein excretion in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis

Summary The antiproteinuric effect of the antiplatelet agent dipyridamole has been assessed after inhibiton of thromboxane B₂ (TxB₂) synthesis in 8 patients with confirmed membranous glomerulonephritis. There were three study periods, each of 30 days, and 45 days apart, namely a washout period, treatment with dipyridamole 300 mg/d, and dipyridamole 225 mg/d plus aspirin 150 mg/d. On Days 1 and 30 of each study period serum and urine creatinine, 24-h excretion of protein, creatinine clearance, platelet aggregometry on whole blood and serum TxB₂ were measured. Treatment with dipyridamole alone or with aspirin produced significant inhibition of platelet aggregation and a fall in 24-h protein excretion; the latter amounted to 54% with dipyridamole alone and 56 % with dipyridamole plus aspirin (NS). Dipyridamole plus aspirin caused an 82 % reduction in serum TxB₂.     

血小板活化与炎症性肠病

血小板的种系发生提示其在免疫炎症中起重要作用,近年来发现血小板活化与炎症性肠病的活动性密切 相关,活化的血小板可以释放炎症介质,表达介导炎症反应的表面分子,可与白细胞和内皮细胞发生相互作用,这 为抗血小板药物治疗炎症性肠病提供了理论依据。     

Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease in the elderly

Smoking should be stopped and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism be treated in elderly patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Statins reduce the incidence of intermittent claudication and improve exercise duration until the onset of intermittent claudication in persons with PAD and hypercholesterolemia. Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel, especially clopidogrel, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins should be given to all persons with PAD. Beta blockers should be given if coronary artery disease is present. Exercise rehabilitation programs and cilostazol lengthen exercise time until intermittent claudication develops. Chelation therapy should be avoided.     

Meta-Analysis of Short vs. Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation and Role of Continuation with either Aspirin or a P2Y12 Inhibitor Thereafter

Aim: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is an ongoing debate and novel data has emerged. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess outcomes of short vs. control DAPT duration. In addition, the role of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) after DAPT with either aspirin or P2Y₁₂ inhibitor monotherapy was analyzed. Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and proceedings of international meetings for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing ≤ 3 months with ≥ 6 months DAPT after DES implantation. The primary and co-primary outcomes of interest were definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST) and bleeding. In addition, we performed an analysis on studies who continued with either aspirin or P2Y₁₂ monotherapy after DAPT. Results: 9 RCTs comprising 41,864 patients were included and we analyzed a short DAPT duration of median 1.5 months vs. 12.1 months in the control group. The risk for ST was similar with short vs. control DAPT duration (0.5 vs. 0.5%; hazard ratio 1.17[95% CI 0.89-1.54];p=0.26). Bleeding was significantly reduced with short vs. control DAPT duration (1.9 vs. 3.0%; 0.65[0.54-0.77];p＜0.0001). ST was not different between short vs. control DAPT duration in the analysis of the 4 RCTs who continued with aspirin after DAPT and the 5 P2Y₁₂ RCTs, respectively, and no heterogeneity was detected (p=0.861). Bleeding was also reduced with short vs. control DAPT in both the aspirin (1.2 vs. 1.7%; 0.71[0.51-0.99];p=0.04) and P2Y₁₂ inhibitor studies (2.1 vs. 3.4%; 0.62[0.47-0.80];p=0.0003) and no heterogeneity was detected (p=0.515). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that short DAPT ≤ 3 months followed by SAPT reduces bleeding and is not associated with an increase in ST. The results were consistent within the aspirin and P2Y₁₂ SAPT studies.     

抗凝/抗血小板治疗患者拔牙术后出血的研究进展

对接受抗凝/抗血小板治疗的患者进行拔牙手术,常因术后出血风险较高被许多口腔颌面外科门诊医生视为禁忌.多种因素与其发生术后出血相关,但目前还未达成共识.本文以近年文献为基础,对接受抗凝/抗血小板治疗患者发生拔牙术后出血的相关因素进行综述.文献复习结果表明,服用抗血小板药物的患者术后出血风险较服用抗凝药物的患者低;抗凝药物...     

曲克芦丁联合双重抗血小板方案治疗脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 研究曲克芦丁联合双重抗血小板治疗对脑梗死患者临床疗效、凝血功能和神经功能的影响。方法 选择2016年1月—2018年12月河南省洛阳市第三人民医院神经内科的84例脑梗死患者,用抽签法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各42例。对照组采用双重抗血小板治疗,口服硫酸氢氯吡格雷片75 mg/d和阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合曲克芦丁片,1片/d。两组均治疗14 d。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组患者凝血功能和神经功能指标。结果 治疗后,观察组治疗的总有效率为90.48%,明显高于对照组的76.19%（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的纤维蛋白原、血小板计数和二聚体均明显降低（P<0.05）,且观察组凝血功能指标水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的NIHSS评分和改良Rankin评分均明显降低（P<0.05）;且观察组NIHSS评分和改良Rankin评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平明显降低,神经营养因子（NTF）和神经生长因子（NGF）水平均明显升高（P<0.05）;且观察组神经细胞因子水平明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 曲克芦丁联合双重抗血小板方案治疗能改善脑梗死患者的凝血功能和神经功能,促进功能恢复,且安全性较好,具有临床推广应用价值。     

IgA肾病的治疗进展

IgA肾病(IgAN)是世界范围内最常见的肾小球疾病,我国IgAN占原发性肾小球肾炎的45.2％ ～58.2％.IgAN目前发病机制尚不清楚,临床工作中血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂( ACEI)/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等药物应用广泛,进行了很多有益探索,但治疗方案仍缺乏统一标准.2010年美国肾脏病学会年会(ASN)上,改善全球肾脏疾病预后组织( KDIGO)提出了有关IgAN循证治疗意见的初稿,本文就此循证治疗意见作一综述.     

川芎嗪/查耳酮类杂合物的设计、合成及抗血小板聚集活性

基于药物设计的生物电子等排和拼合原理,设计、合成了一系列川芎嗪/查耳酮类杂合物(2~26),以期得到活性较强的抗血小板聚集药物。结果表明,目标化合物对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的血小板聚集均显示不同程度的抑制,其中化合物8活性最强,对ADP诱导的血小板聚集的抑制作用(IC₅₀=0.14 mmol/L)是川芎嗪的9.1倍,查耳酮的10.5倍;对AA诱导的血小板聚集的抑制作用(IC₅₀=0.09 mmol/L)是川芎嗪的8.8倍,查耳酮的10.0倍,且略优于阿司匹林(IC₅₀=0.15 mmol/L)。     

氯吡格雷抗血小板功能的两种检测方法比较

目的氯吡格雷抗血小板功能的两种检测方法比较:Verifynow抗血小板治疗监测系统与流式细胞仪法.方法随机收集72例门诊、住院患者静脉血标本,同时采用Verifynow抗血小板治疗监测系统与流式细胞仪法检测血小板聚集功能.结果 Verifynow的测试结果P2Y12 Reaction Units(PRU)19例<240(26.4%);血小板膜糖蛋白分子PAC-1(Fg、Ca2+与血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa形成复合物的受体)活性值主要集中在20-60,2例<20,12例>60;血小板膜糖蛋白分子CD62p(P选择素)活性值主要集中在10以下,3例>20;血小板膜糖蛋白分子PAC-1与CD62p活性值呈正相关(r=0.812,P<0.01);PAC-1、CD62p的活性值分别与PRU呈正相关(r=0.565,P<0.01;r=0.314,P<0.01);PRU与Verifynow测试的血小板聚集抑制百分率(INHI)呈负相关(r=-0.0802,P<0.01).结论 PAC-1、CD62p活性值与PRU呈正相关,相关性良好,PRU与INHI呈负相关.氯吡格雷抗血小板功能的两种检测方法存在同一性效用,但流式细胞仪法检测过程繁琐,对检验人员操作水平要求严格,若想得到药物的具体效用结果,必须在服药前、后分别抽血取样测定才能得出药物的抑制率;Verifynow操作简单快速,只需在服药后抽取一份样本即可得到样本的聚集基础值、服药后聚集值和药物的抑制率.