健脾胃、补营卫抗皮肤衰老作用实验研究

目的:以古方资生汤为代表方加减,观察健脾胃、补营卫方法抗皮肤衰老的作用。方法:建立小鼠D-半乳糖衰老模型,设立维生素E对照组,观察资生汤高、中、低三个剂量组对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和Na ,K -ATP酶的效应。结果:该方可以提高血清及皮肤SOD活力,降低血清及皮肤MDA含量,提高红细胞Na ,K -ATP酶活力。结论:资生汤(健脾胃、补营卫方药)对D-半乳糖所致小鼠皮肤有抗衰老作用。     

山楂醇提物对果蝇抗衰老作用的研究

目的在果蝇为实验模型的试验中,以果蝇寿命和抗氧酶活性研究山楂醇提物对果蝇的抗衰老作用。方法将2d龄雄性果蝇随机分组,饲喂添加不同剂量(0、1、5、9mg/ml)山楂醇提物的培养基,每隔3天数死亡果蝇数,直到所有果蝇全部死亡。统计果蝇寿命,计算半数死亡时间、最高寿命及平均寿命,并测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果饲喂山楂醇提物后,果蝇最高寿命及平均寿命在实验剂量范围内均随剂量的增大而延长,SOD和CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低。结论山楂醇提物具有明显的抗氧化延缓衰老作用。     

Resveratrol as an active ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications: a review

Resveratrol is now being increasingly used in cosmetology and dermatology. This polyphenolic phytoalexin present in large amounts in red grapes and berries has a number of scientifically proven health-promoting properties associated with a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, lowering the concentration of low-density lipoprotein, and the ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenases activity. Additionally, it has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Its popularity in cosmetology and dermatology is primarily associated with proven ability to penetrate the skin barrier and antiaging activity. It has been shown that formulations with resveratrol can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and contributing to the increase in the concentration of collagen III. Resveratrol has an affinity for the estrogen protein receptors (both ERα and ERβ), thereby contributing to the stimulation of collagen types I and II production. Moreover, resveratrol also has the antioxidant properties, thus can protect cells against oxidative damage associated with the effects of free radicals and UV radiation on the skin by reducing the expression of AP-1 and NF-kB factors and it slows down the process of photoaging of the skin. This study reviews literature on the skin care properties of resveratrol and its dermal bioavailability, metabolism, and dermal safety of application.     

VoluDerm microneedle technology for skin treatments—In vivo histological evidence

Introduction: The growing demand for skin rejuvenation procedures with minimal down time and low risk has led to the development of fractional radiofrequency (RF) systems. The new VoluDerm? RF microneedle technology creates minute columns of tissue thermal microablation. Treatment triggers natural fractional healing, resulting in dermal volumizing and skin renewal. This preclinical research assessed the safety and efficacy of the VoluDerm through histological evaluation of morphological changes in the target tissue. Methods: Following approval of protocol by ethical committee, treatments were conducted on two domestic pigs using VoluDerm disposable tips. Histological samples of 14, 7, 4 days and immediately after treatment with various energy settings were analyzed. Results: Immediate VoluDerm epidermal and dermal effects, and progress of healing process, as function of time following treatment (days 4 and 7), were demonstrated. Histology analysis of samples of 14 days demonstrated complete healing for all energy levels. Summary: This in vivo histology confirmed the safe and effective performance of the VoluDerm treatment. A fractional pattern of affected areas, surrounded by healthy tissue, was demonstrated. Healing process proved natural dermal renewal and epidermal complete regeneration. Histology supports clinical advantages of the VoluDerm natural-looking skin enhancement, with none to minimal pain and no downtime.     

Insulin stimulates the cleavage and release of the extracellular domain of Klotho by ADAM10 and ADAM17

Cleavage and release (shedding) of membrane proteins is a critical regulatory step in many normal and pathological processes. Evidence suggests that the antiaging transmembrane protein Klotho (KL) is shed from the cell surface by proteolytic cleavage. In this study, we attempted to identify the enzymes responsible for the shedding of KL by treating KL-transfected COS-7 cells with a panel of proteinase inhibitors and measuring cleavage products by Western blot. We report that metalloproteinase inhibitors, including EDTA, EGTA, and TAPI-1, inhibit the shedding of KL, whereas insulin increases shedding. The effects of the inhibitors in KL-transfected COS-7 cells were repeated in studies on rat kidney slices ex vivo, which validates the use of COS-7 cells as our model system. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (Timp)-3 effectively inhibits KL cleavage, whereas Timp-1 and Timp-2 do not, a profile that indicates the involvement of members of the A Desintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family. Cotransfection of KL with either ADAM10 or ADAM17 enhances KL cleavage, whereas cotransfection of KL with small interference RNAs specific to ADAM10 and ADAM17 inhibits KL secretion. These results indicate that KL shedding is mediated mainly by ADAM10 and ADAM17 in KL-transfected COS-7 cells. The effect of insulin is abolished when ADAM10 or ADAM17 are silenced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the effect of insulin on KL shedding is inhibited by wortmannin, showing that insulin acts through a PI3K-dependent pathway. Insulin enhances KL shedding without increasing ADAM10 and ADAM17 mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that it acts by stimulating their proteolytic activities.     

Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi

Aging is influenced by many lifestyle choices that are under human control, including nutrition and exercise. The most effective known antiaging intervention consists of calorie restriction (CR), which increases lifespan in yeasts, worms, fruit flies, mice, and nonhuman primates. CR also improves healthspan by preventing the development of various aging-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Many compounds isolated from plants and fungi prolong lifespan and prevent age-related diseases in model organisms. These plant and fungal compounds modulate the same cellular and physiological pathways as CR, including those involving insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, mammalian target of rapamycin, and sirtuins. Modulation of these aging-related pathways results in the activation of various cellular processes such as autophagy, DNA repair, and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Together, these cellular processes are believed to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases by improving bodily functions and stress resistance. We review here the mechanisms of action of plant and fungal molecules possessing antiaging properties and discuss the possibilities and challenges associated with the development of antiaging compounds isolated from natural products.     

银杏外种皮多糖拮抗D-半乳糖致小鼠衰老作用的实验研究

目的 :研究银杏外种皮多糖抗小鼠衰老的作用。方法 :实验用小鼠腹腔注射D 半乳糖建立衰老模型 ,以银杏外种皮多糖作为抗衰老实验药物灌服。六周以后 ,与对照小鼠比较在行为、记忆及脑组织内超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性的差异。结果 :银杏外种皮多糖可增强小鼠脑内SOD、GSH Px的活性 ,提高小鼠的记忆学习能力。结论 :银杏外种皮多糖具有一定的抗衰老作用。     

The synergistic effect of retinyl propionate and hydroxypinacolone retinoate on skin aging

Background

Aging is responsible for the majority of skin and soft tissue remolding in humans. Retinol and its derivatives or retinoids effectively intervene skin aging process. Nevertheless, retinoids usually induce skin intolerance, especially among the Chinese, and thus, their application to prevent skin aging is yet to be well accepted. The study of optimal composition and concentration of retinoids is necessary to offer strong antiaging efficacies with minimum irritations. Therefore, a better understanding of retinol and its derivatives is acutely needed to develop strategies to combat skin aging.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal ratio of two retinol derivatives—hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR) and retinyl propionate (RP) in terms of dermal remodeling and skin aging prevention—and to investigate their synergistic antiaging effects both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

An in vitro human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) cell model was established to evaluate the cell viability of HPR and/or RP treatment. In addition, the antiaging and retinol receptor genes expressions in HFF-1 cells cotreated with HPR and RP were quantified. The in vivo adverse reaction evaluation of skincare serums containing various levels of retinol or the optimal HPR and RP combination termed Gravi-A was performed by 24 h patch tests in 33 subjects prior to the clinical research. Last but not the least, clinical research with 42 Chinese urban women was conducted to assess the in vivo antiaging efficacy of the skincare serum containing this optimal retinoid combination.

Results

The combination of HPR and RP at the weight ratio of 5:9 was shown to achieve the optimal in vitro antiaging performance. Coadministration of 5 μg/mL HPR and 9 μg/mL RP to HFF-1 cells promoted their proliferation at 24 h and synergistically enhanced the expressions of type IV collagen, CRBP-I, and RARB genes. In addition, the skincare serum containing HPR and RP combination at 5:9 weight ratio demonstrated superior in vivo anti-wrinkle and skin elasticity improvement benefits without any adverse reactions, while retinol in the same concentration exerted much higher adverse effect. Skin wrinkles, skin smoothness, TEWL, skin elasticity R2 and R5 were improved by 8.3%, 11.9%, 25.7%, 14.5%, and 22.6%, respectively, after 8-week use.

Conclusion

Our results indicated the advanced antiaging effect of HPR and RP combination both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, little adverse effect was observed in this study, in comparison with retinol. This combination named as Gravi-A is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent skin aging, especially for Chinese women.     

Effecting skin renewal: a multifaceted approach

The skin undergoes intrinsic aging as a normal course, but exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light results in major cumulative damage that manifests as the typical aged photodamaged skin. UV irradiation produces a sequence of changes within the skin layers starting with signaling processes following DNA damage and culminating in nonabsorbed fragmentation of collagen and other proteins within the extracellular matrix. These fragments promote the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that further aggravate the damage to the ground substance and add to fragment accumulation. This study describes a unique sequential approach to controlling this photodamage - inhibition of signaling, inhibition of MMPs, proteasome stimulation and mopping up of fragments, stimulation of procollagen and collagen production, and uniform packaging of new collagen fibers. Thus, a multifaceted approach is introduced with presentation of a unique product formulation based on these research principles.