弓形虫排泄-分泌抗原和可溶性速殖子抗原免疫原性的观察

目的观察弓形虫速殖子排泄-分泌抗原（excreted/secreted antigen,ESA）和可溶性速殖子抗原（soluble tachyzoite antigen,STAg）鼻内免疫小鼠的免疫原性。方法BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组,分别用PBS 20μl/只、体外排泄-分泌抗原（excreted/secreted antigenin vitro,ESAv）、腹腔排泄-分泌抗原（excreted/secreted antigen in mice,ESAm）和STAg各20μg/只鼻内免疫2次,间隔14 d。分别于末次免疫后14 d和44 d每组处死8只小鼠,计数肠上皮内淋巴细胞（intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes,iIEL）和脾淋巴细胞,ELISA法检测血清IgG和小肠冲洗液sIgA抗体水平。结果实验期间,ESAm组小鼠于二次免疫后状态欠佳,其他各组小鼠健康状况良好。末次免疫后14 d,各抗原组脾淋巴细胞及iIEL均增殖活跃,细胞数与PBS组比较,差异具统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;至免疫后44 d,两种ESA组脾淋巴细胞及iIEL数与PBS组比较差异具统计学意义（P〈0.05）。各抗原组血清IgG水平在免疫后14 d和44 d均明显增高,与PBS组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。免疫后14 d肠液sIgA水平ESAv、ES-Am和STAg组与PBS组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,ESAm和STAg组与ESAv组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,两种ESA组在免疫后44 d与PBS组比较差异仍具统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论ESAv、ESAm和STAg鼻内免疫均可诱导粘膜及系统的细胞和体液免疫应答,有较强的免疫原性。但ESAm可能对机体有毒副作用,不适宜直接鼻内免疫。     

Field evaluation of four novel enzyme immunoassays for Chagas' disease in Venezuela blood banks: comparison of assays using fixed-epimastigotes, fixed-trypomastigotes or trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigens from two Trypanosoma cruzi strains

Many serological tests have been developed for the diagnosis of Chagas' disease, but few have been subjected to a rigorous field evaluation. We have recently described several novel enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) based on fixed-whole organisms or trypomastigote excretory-secretory antigens (TESA) from different Trypanosoma cruzi strains (Tulahuen or Brazil). This study evaluated the most promising of these novel assays (e.g. fixed-epimastigotes, fixed-trypomastigotes, TESA Brazil and TESA Tulahuen antigens) in a field study of Venezuelan blood bank specimens. The assays were tested in an operator-blinded fashion using 2038 blood bank samples obtained from low and high T.cruzi prevalence regions of Venezuela (n= 1050 and n= 988 from Bolivar and Portuguesa states, respectively). Based on National Laboratory for Chagas Immunodiagnosis (NLCI) 'gold standard' results, all novel EIAs were superior to the commercial kit currently used in Venezuela, achieving 100% sensitivity and >99% specificity at optimal cut-off values. The novel assays identified seven false-negative samples compared with the routine screening performed by the Venezuelan blood bank although two samples were also misclassified as positive. Minor differences in the performance of the four novel assays were observed at lower arbitrary cut-off values. This study confirms the potential utility of both the fixed-organism and the TESA-based assays in the diagnosis of T.cruzi infection.     

Induction of a protective antibody-dependent response against toxoplasmosis by in vitro excreted/secreted antigens from tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite which causes severe disease in congenitally infected children and in immunocompromised patients. Besides the well-defined cytoplasmic and membrane antigens of tachyzoites, we felt that excreted/secreted antigens could play a major role in the immune response. We first report the development of a well-controlled procedure for obtaining tachyzoite excreted/secreted antigens (E/SA) in cell-free incubation media. The E/SA immunogenic in human, rat and mouse toxoplasmosis were then characterized. The major E/SA recognized by human sera from the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis had molecular weights of 108, 97, 86, 69, 60, 57, 42, 39, 28.5, 27 and 26 kD. When injected into +/+ Fischer rats, E/SA elicited high antibody titres. In addition, passive transfer of these sera to highly susceptible nu/nu littermates induced a significant degree of protection towards the virulent RH strain of T. gondii. This work, which demonstrates the key role played by E/SA in the protective immune response, suggests that these antigens should be of value both for diagnostic purposes and for the development of new strategies for immunization against toxoplasmosis.     

不同年龄阶段女性卵巢体积、早卵泡期窦卵泡数目以及卵巢间质血流情况的比较研究

目的:探求女性衰老的现代生物学表征机制,揭示《内经》"天癸"理论的现代实质与内涵。方法:采用彩色多普勒超声方法,观察不同年龄阶段女性卵巢体积、早卵泡期窦卵泡数目、卵巢间质血流情况。结果:女性由壮盛期至渐衰期,卵巢体积、卵巢动脉血流速度明显下降,窦卵泡数目、卵巢动脉血流搏动指数、阻力指数变化不明显;进入衰退期后,卵巢体积、窦卵泡数目、卵巢动脉血流速度均明显下降,卵巢动脉血流搏动指数、阻力指数呈现显著升高。结论:女性衰老确有其独特表征,与《内经》"天癸"理论的时间阶段性变化特点基本相吻合,女性衰老进程与体内激素水平、卵巢动脉血流、卵巢储备功能变化关系密切。     

Action of leishmanial excreted factor (EF) on human lymphocyte blast transformation

Summary. The effect of Leishmania tropica major excreted factor (EF) on human immune and normal mononuclear peripheral blood cells has been studied. The response of lymphocytes to stimulation either specifically with leishmanial antigens or non-specifically with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of EF was tested by the uptake of ³[H]thymidine. The results showed that EF inhibits the response of cells from immune donors to leishmanial antigens and from normal donors to PHA or PPD. Adherent and non-adherent cells were separated and the effect of EF on both populations was analysed. The results showed that EF inhibited blast transformation if both EF and antigen were presented to each of the separate populations. The inhibition of the adherent cells (mainly monocytes) was more marked than the inhibition of the nonadherent population (mainly lymphocytes).     

2012-2016年乌鲁木齐市第四人民医院抗抑郁药物的使用情况分析

目的 调查2012—2016年乌鲁木齐市第四人民医院抗抑郁药物的应用情况以及变化趋势,为抗抑郁药物的合理使用提供参考依据。方法 按照药品类型和品规对2012—2016年乌鲁木齐市第四人民医院抗抑郁药物进行统计,并对具体药物的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日均费用（DDC）和药品排序比（B/A）值进行分析。结果 2012—2016年,抗抑郁药物的销售金额呈上升趋势,构成比基本稳定。门诊和住院部就诊人数以及抗抑郁症药物的销售金额均呈增长趋势。除盐酸氯米帕明片以外,其余抗抑郁药物的销售金额和DDDs均逐年上升,销售金额最高的为盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊,盐酸帕罗西汀片的DDDs自2013年以来一直位于第1位,其B/A值较高,其余各药物的B/A值接近于1.00。各药物的DDC值基本稳定,盐酸曲唑酮片引入本院后,其DDC值一直位于第1位。结论 乌鲁木齐市第四人民医院抗抑郁药物的临床使用合理,符合现代临床用药的发展趋势,安全、有效、副作用小的药物越来越受到欢迎。     

Effect of vehicle on elicitation of DNCB contact allergy in the guinea pig

22 DNCB sensitized guinea pigs were challenged with varying amounts dissolved in alcohol, acetone and olive oil. DNCB applied in alcohol resulted in almost 100% positive reactions; the test scores correlated to dose. When similar amounts were applied in alcohol and acetone, the former produced a significantly higher degree of positivity. The importance of defining allergen concentration, volume or weight of test substance applied and test are size, when comparing test results in guinea pigs and humans, is emphasized.     

抗栓胶囊中33种禁用农药的残留量测定及风险评估

目的：测定抗栓胶囊中33种禁用农药的残留量,并进行风险评估。方法：收集29批抗栓胶囊,以快速样品处理法（QuEChERS）制备样品后,采用GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS法,电喷雾/电子轰击离子源,正离子多反应监测模式,同时测定抗栓胶囊中33种禁用农药的残留量。结果：33种禁用农药在检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2 ≥ 0.99,平均回收率为67.51%～103.12%,RSD为1.33%～14.05%（n = 6）。29批样品中有部分批次检出农药残留,包括水胺硫磷、甲拌磷、氟虫腈、三氯杀螨醇。结论：该方法准确,重复性好,作为农药残留筛查方法为抗栓胶囊标准完善、质量监督提供参考。结果显示,抗栓胶囊中禁用农药残留量极低,无重大健康风险。     

理伤手法结合中药治疗腰部术后痛疗效观察

目的:探讨理伤手法结合舒筋活血汤加减治疗腰部术后痛的治疗作用.方法:将113例腰部术后痛患者,采用随机对照的方法,分为治疗组(62例)和对照组(51例),治疗组采用理伤手法结合口服舒筋活血汤加减治疗,对照组采用口服舒筋活血汤加减治疗.1周为1个疗程,共观察4个疗程.结果:1个疗程后,两组无明显好转,4个疗程后,治疗组优...     

非布司他在健康受试者体内的尿药排泄特征

 目的 建立人尿样中非布司他浓度的液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）测定法,并研究健康中国受试者口服非布司他片后非布司他的尿药排泄特征。方法 尿液样品酸化后用乙酸乙酯提取,进行LC-MS分析。色谱柱为Hedera ODS-2,流动相为甲醇-10 mmol·L-1的醋酸铵水溶液（含0.05%甲酸）(70∶30)。12 名健康受试者分别单次口服非布司他片80 mg（规格：80 mg）后,测定尿药浓度,计算尿药排泄参数,并进行统计分析。结果 12 名健康受试者口服80 mg非布司他后,48 h内的尿药累积排泄量为(2.684±0.838) mg,累积排泄率为(3.4±1.0)%。男性与女性受试者间的累积排泄量和最大排泄速率无显著性差异。结论 非布司他在健康中国受试者体内的尿药排泄参数与已有文献报道的结果基本一致,且不存在性别差异。