氨基胍对大鼠脊髓压迫伤后后肢运动功能的影响

目的观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂-氨基胍(AG)对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能的影响。方法大鼠脊髓压迫伤后给予AG进行治疗,24 h后用分光光度法测定脊髓组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量和NOS活性;72 h后用流式细胞仪检测神经细胞凋亡情况;4周后用电生理和动物行为学等指标评价运动功能的恢复情况。以正常大鼠和损伤未治大鼠为对照。结果AG可以抑制组织中的NO含量和NOS活性,同时降低神经细胞的凋亡比率,提高动物后肢运动功能评分,恢复运动诱发电位的振幅和潜伏期,与对照及损伤未治大鼠相比均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论脊髓损伤后应用NOS抑制剂可以使伤后运动功能得到改善,提示iNOS活性变化可能对脊髓损伤的恢复更具决定作用,其作用机制与抑制伤后细胞凋亡有关。     

氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

Nitric oxide mediates the inhibition of neutrophil migration induced by systemic administration of LPS

To investigate the role of NO in the inhibition of neutrophil migration by circulating endotoxin, mice were pretreated with NO synthase inhibitors or with a free radical scavenger (D-penicillamine), before intravenous LPS injection. LPS dose-dependently inhibited the thioglycollate-induced neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavities. Aminoguanidine, a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor, abolished the inhibition of neutrophil migration and the increase in serum nitrate levels induced by a nonlethal dose of LPS. During lethal endotoxemia aminoguanidine partially abolished the neutrophil migration inhibition. Additionally, D-penicillamine prevented the inhibition of neutrophil migration caused by LPS. However, Nitro-L-Arginine, a selective constitutive NO synthase inhibitor, did not prevent neutrophil migration inhibition. Aminoguanidine treatment did not affect the systemic increased levels of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-10, suggesting that NO is the final mediator involved in the inhibition of neutrophil migration. Our results suggest that NO released by the inducible NO synthase mediates the inhibition of neutrophil migration mediated by circulating LPS.     

Effect of advanced glycosylation end products on activity of protein kinase C in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Objectives To investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) on the a ctivity of protein kinase C (PKC) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P BMC) and to observe whether aminoguanidine (AG) can influence the effect of AGEs .Methods After PBMC were isolated from human peripheral blood and incubated with differen t concentrations of AGEs-BSA for various periods, total PKC activity in PBMC wa s determined by measuring the incorporation of (32)P from ［γ-(32) P］ ATP into a special substrate using Promega PKC assay kit.Results AGEs-BSA increased the total PKC activity in PBMC from 83.43±6.57 pmol/min/ mg protein to 116.8±13.82 pmol/min/mg protein with a peak at 15 min. AGEs -BSA also increased the total PKC activity in a concentration-dependent manner fro m 83.1±6.4 pmol/min/mg protein (control) to 119.1±13.3 pmol/min/mg prote in (control vs AGEs-BSA 400 mg/L, P&lt;0.01).Furthermore, AGEs-BSA induc ed an elevation of PKC activity in a glycosylating time-related manner, from 80 .9±8.2 (control) to 118.3±11.5 pmol/min/mg protein (glycosylation for 12 wk, P&lt;0.01).The total PKC activity stimulated by AGEs-BSA pretreated wi th AG (100, 200 mg/L) was markedly lower than that of AGEs-BSA group not pretr eated with AG (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01).Conclusions AGEs-BSA increased the total PKC activity in PBMC in a concentration and incuba tion time dependent manner. The ability of AGEs-BSA to stimulate PKC activity was markedly decreased by pretreatment of AGEs-BSA with AG.     

Advanced glycosylation end products, protein kinase C and renal alterations in diabetic rats

Objective To study the relationship between advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) an d protein kinase C (PKC), and their effects on renal alteration in diabetic rats .
Methods Insulin or aminoguanidine was administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, hem oglobin A_1C (HbA_1C), glomerular tissue extracts AGE (GTE-AGE), PKC, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) and urine protein/creatinine ( Pr/Cr) ratio in diabetic rats were measured and analysed.
Results Levels of blood glucose, HbA_1C and AGE, PKC activity, the Pr/Cr ratio an d GBMT were all significantly increased (P values all less than 0.01) in di abetic rats. Insulin could decrease the formation of HbA_1C and AGE, and improve PKC activity. Aminoguanidine had no influence on PKC activity (P >0.05) although it decreased the formation of AGE. Both drugs could delay t he increase of urine Pr/Cr ratio and GBMT (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusions Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to an increase of PKC activity. HbA_1Cand AGE may not directly contribute to alterations of PKC activity, but the increa se of PKC activity could promote the action of AGE on GBM thickening. It is imp ortant t o inhibit the formation of AGE and reduce the PKC activity so as to prevent or d elay the development of diabetic nephropathy.     

氨基胍对大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的　观察氨基胍对大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织细胞凋亡的影响。方法　将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗(AG)组,采用改良的导管方法将体外已凝的大鼠血栓注入右心房制备大鼠急性肺栓塞模型。AG组于制成肺栓塞后立即腹腔注射氨基胍,模型组给等容量的生理盐水,对照组只通过导管注入血清。于肺栓塞后1h放血处死大鼠,迅速取肺组织,流式细胞仪(FCM)测定肺组织细胞凋亡率,免疫组化法检测Caspase - 3蛋白的表达。结果　肺栓塞后,肺组织细胞凋亡率明显上升,Caspase - 3蛋白表达阳性细胞明显增多,给予氨基胍后细胞凋亡率明显下降,Caspase- 3蛋白表达阳性细胞数明显减少。结论　氨基胍可降低急性肺栓塞后肺组织细胞凋亡率及Caspase - 3蛋白表达,对急性肺栓塞大鼠有保护作用。     

氨基胍对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤及血脑屏障的影响

目的探讨氨基胍(AG)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的血脑屏障的影响及对再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法采用线栓法建立鼠大脑中动脉局灶缺血再灌注模型。于缺血2 h再灌注22 h,测定脑梗死体积,并用伊文思蓝染色荧光显微镜观察血脑屏障破坏的程度,HE染色观察中性粒细胞浸润变化。结果再灌注22 h后,AG治疗组脑梗死体积减小,脑缺血区血脑屏障破坏程度和中性粒细胞浸润程度明显减轻(P<0.05)。结论AG对脑缺血再灌注具有确切的脑保护作用,并能减轻脑缺血再灌注对血脑屏障的破坏程度和炎症细胞浸润程度。     

氨基胍对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能及心肌超微结构的影响

目的 :探讨非酶糖化抑制剂 氨基胍 (amin oguanidine ,AG)对链尿佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用 ,为糖尿病心肌病的防治提供参考。方法 :建立STZ糖尿病大鼠模型 ,随机分为对照组、糖尿病组和氨基胍治疗组 ,AG剂量为15 0mg·kg-1·d-1。 12周时测定大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数、左室内压最大上升和下降率 (±dp dtmax)值 ,电镜观察心肌超微结构 ,测量心肌毛细血管基底膜厚度。结果 :糖尿病组大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数明显增高 ,±dp dtmax降低 ;超微结构显示心肌肌原纤维排列紊乱 ,线粒体肿胀变性 ,间质胶原增生 ,微血管内皮细胞肿胀、基底膜明显增厚。氨基胍治疗组血清果糖胺含量降低、心脏重量指数明显下降、±dp dtmax 值上升 ,微血管基底膜增厚减轻 ,间质胶原减少 ,心肌细胞超微结构异常减轻。结论 :糖尿病时存在心脏功能异常、心肌肥厚和超微结构的改变 ,早期应用AG在一定程度上可阻抑糖尿病心肌病变的发展。     

Effects of aminoguanidine and tolrestat on the development of ocular and renal structural changes in experimental diabetic rats

Studies that researched the role of aminoguanidine and tolestat in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy resulted in conflicting data. We investigated the effects of these agents in the prevention of ocular and renal changes in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ in 30 rats. Ten rats that were not given STZ served as non‐diabetic control (Group 1). Ten STZ‐diabetic rats that were not given any treatment served as diabetic control (Group 2). Groups 3 and 4 were composed of STZ‐induced diabetic rats (10 each) that were given tolrestat and aminoguanidine respectively. Eyes and kidneys were examined at the 24th week under electronmicroscopy. Cataract was observed in all six of the surviving rats in Groups 2 and 4, and in one of 6 surviving rats in group 3. Cataract development was lower in Group 3 than Groups 2 and 4. All retinal samples obtained from group 2 demonstrated a number of structural abnormalities, whereas there were no significant ultrastructural changes in groups 3 and 4. Groups 2 and 3 demonstrated mesangial proliferation and expansion, diffuse glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, and focal GBM thickening in the bulb form. Group 4 demonstrated a normally appearing mesangial space, minimal diffuse but no focal GBM thickening. The urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was lower in Group 4 than the other groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that aminoguanidine may be an important agent for the prevention of renal changes, whereas tolrestat may be effective for the prevention of ocular changes in diabetes mellitus.     

氨基胍对非酶糖基化人脐静脉内皮细胞信号转导物DAG影响

目的： 为探讨氨基胍（ＡＧ）对非酶糖化（ＮＧＥｓ）引起的人脐静脉内皮细胞信号（ＤＡＧ）转导的影响及其机制。方法：采用薄层层析、放射自显影及放射酶标法分离、检测细胞中ＤＡＧ含量,应用荧光法检测ＮＧＥｓ的含量。结果：氨基胍组荧光值从２７．８±５．９（ＡＦＵ）降为８．５±２．８（ＡＦＵ） ,ＤＡＧ含量从５４１．５±４６．２３ ｐｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 降为２５３．５±１８．２０ ｐｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １。结论：氨基胍明显阻断糖基化终末产物（ＮＧＥｓ）的形成,并且由ＮＧＥｓ刺激内皮细胞产生的ＤＡＧ含量显著降低。这对糖尿病的慢性并发症防止提供了重要的理论依据