Memantine,amantadine, and L-deprenyl potentiate the action of L-DOPA in monoamine-depleted rats

Summary Some treatments used for Parkinson's disease attenuate locomotor depression in rats treated with reserpine and -methyl-p-tyrosine. In the present study memantine (2.5, 5.0mg/kg), amantadine (10, 20mg/kg) (both uncompetitive NMDA antagonists), and L-deprenyl (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg; MAO-B inhibitor) were tested for possible synergistic interactions with the dopamine agonists: bromocriptine (2.5, 5.0mg/kg) and L-DOPA (50, 100mg/kg, + benserazide, 100 mg/kg). At higher doses, memantine (10 mg/kg), amantadine (40 mg/kg), bromocriptine (5 and 10mg/kg) and L-DOPA (100, 200mg/kg) but not L-deprenyl (up to 10 mg/kg) produced a pronounced increase in locomotor activity when given alone. The combination of memantine, amantadine and L-deprenyl with bromocriptine did not result in synergism of action and, at best, an additive effect was seen. On the other hand the combination of these agents with L-DOPA produced a pronounced synergistic effect. Hence, the clinical observation that coadministration of L-DOPA with either memantine or amantadine results in enhancement of their action is also reflected in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Such a combination therapy should allow the use of lower doses of both drugs which may reduce the occurrence of side effects and may also be predicted to have additional benefits related to the neuroprotective properties of memantine, amantadine, and L-deprenyl.     

金刚烷类药物的研究进展

对具有饱和三环癸烷结构的金刚烷胺类药物的抗病毒、抗帕金森氏综合征、抗丙型肝炎等临床药理作用及部分药物的合成路线作一综述。     

GC法测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中盐酸金刚烷胺

目的建立GC法测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中盐酸金刚烷胺。方法采用HP-5毛细管柱（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm）,FID检测器;气化室温度为220℃,检测室温度为300℃。采用程序升温,初始温度为70℃,以10℃/min升至140℃。载气：氮气,流速为4 mL/min;进样量为1μL;分流比：1∶50。采用内标法定量。结果盐酸金刚烷胺在0.1~0.7 mg/mL线性关系良好（r=0.999 6）。平均回收率为99.27%,RSD值为0.66%（n=9）。结论本法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中盐酸金刚烷胺的测定。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定盐酸金刚烷胺和马来酸氯苯那敏的血药浓度

目的 建立灵敏、快速的高效液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定盐酸金刚烷胺和马来酸氯苯那敏的血药浓度.方法 以非那雄胺为内标物,采用C18柱,水(舍0.5‰甲酸)-乙腈-甲醇(18:32:50)为流动相,1 mL血浆样品经液液萃取后,电喷雾离子化源,选择性正离子反应监测.结果 盐酸金刚烷胺和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在3.9~375.0 ng/mL和0.2~19.2 ng/mL时线性关系良好.盐酸金刚烷胺低、中、高浓度测定的相对回收率分别为106.4%,94.9%和93.1%;日内RSD分别为2.6%,3.2%和4.1%;日间RSD分别为4.3%,5.4%和5.6%;最低定量限为3.9 ng/mL,RSD为3.1%.马来酸氯苯那敏低、中、高浓度测定的相对回收率分别为98.9%,97.9%和101.8%;日内RSD分别为8.5%,8.0%和4.1%;日间RSD分别为6.9%,5.5%和5.6%;最低定量限为0.2 ng/mL,RSD为1.7%.结论 所建方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,适合测定盐酸金刚烷胺和马来酸氯苯那敏的血药浓度,可用于临床药物代谢动力学研究.     

单剂量口服复方氨酚烷胺胶囊在人体内的生物等效性

目的 选择18名受试者单剂量交叉po两种复方氨酚烷胺胶囊,评价其生物等效性.方法 用HPLC测定血中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的药物浓度,用3p97软件计算药动学参数;用方差分析和双单侧t检验分析两种复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的主要药动学参数.结果 对乙酰氨基酚的Tmax分别为0.99±0.47、0.88±0.39 h,Cmax分别为8.40±2.99、8.62±5.00 μg·ml-1,AUC0-24分别为35.42±9.54、33.84±10.37 mg·h·L-1;咖啡因的Tmax分别为0.94±0.24、0.90±0.19 h,Cmax分别为1.22±0.31、1.26±0.42 μg·ml-1,AUC0-24分别为8.80±2.01、8.43±2.23 mg·h·L-1.结论 两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

Which dyskinesia scale best detects treatment response?

Numerous scales assess dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD), variably focusing on anatomical distribution, phenomenology, time, severity, and disability. No study has compared these scales and their relative ability to detect change related to an established treatment. We conducted a randomized placebo‐controlled trial of amantadine, assessing dyskinesia at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks using the following scales: Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS), Lang‐Fahn Activities of Daily Living Dyskinesia Rating Scale (LF), 26‐Item Parkinson's Disease Dyskinesia scale (PDD‐26), patient diaries, modified Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), Rush Dyskinesia Rating Scale (RDRS), dyskinesia items from the Movement Disorder Society–sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS), and Clinical Global Impression (severity and change: CGI‐S, CGI‐C). Scale order was randomized at each visit, but raters were aware of each scale as it was administered. Sensitivity to treatment was assessed using effect size. Sixty‐one randomized dyskinetic PD subjects (31 amantadine, 30 placebo) completed the study. Four of the 8 scales (CGI‐C, LF, PDD‐26, and UDysRS) detected a significant treatment. The UDysRS Total Score showed the highest effect size (η² = 0.138) for detecting treatment‐related change, with all other scales having effect sizes < 0.1. No scale was resistant to placebo effects. This study resolves 2 major issues useful for future testing of new antidyskinesia treatments: among tested scales, the UDysRS, having both subjective and objective dyskinesia ratings, is superior for detecting treatment effects; and the magnitude of the UDysRS effect size from amantadine sets a clear standard for comparison for new agents. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society     

奥氮平联合金刚烷胺治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者的随机双盲对照研究

目的:探讨金刚烷胺添加对奥氮平治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者疗效及脂代谢的影响。方法:采用随机双盲法,将61例精神分裂症首次发病的患者随机分为研究组(31例)和对照组(30例),在奥氮平治疗的基础上,研究组及对照组分别添加金刚烷胺200 mg/d及安慰剂;疗程8周。治疗前及治疗4、8周进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及治疗过程中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定,测量体质量,检测血三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)水平。结果:治疗后研究组PANSS阴性症状减分值显著大于对照组(P0.05);TESS评分两组间差异无统计学意义;两组体质量和TG增加值差异无统计学意义;对照组LDL、TC增加值显著大于研究组(P均0.05)。结论:添加小剂量金刚烷胺短期内可明显增加奥氮平对精神分裂症患者阴性症状的改善作用,减少血LDL和TC水平升高;但不能改善奥氮平所致的体质量增加。     

复方氨酚烷胺片致锥体外系症状1例

复方氨酚烷胺片不良反应为白细胞或血小板减少、食欲缺乏、恶心、呕吐、皮疹等。本文介绍因感冒自行服用"复方氨酚烷胺片(新秀)2片"后外出活动时突发全身不自主抖动,实属罕见,给予停服复方氨酚烷胺片,加用银杏达莫注射液(杏丁)输注5d后症状逐渐减轻,直至消失。出现的锥体外系症状副反应可能与特异体质或体敏感性有关。一旦有该症状,应立即停用药物,避免锥体外系等不良反应的发生。     

金刚烷胺与利巴韦林对不同甲型流感病毒株的体外作用敏感性比较

目的评价金刚烷胺和利巴韦林对不同甲型流感病毒株的体外抑制作用,为临床选择抗流感病毒药物提供实验依据。方法分别接种甲型流感病毒标准实验株[H1H1（A/PR/8/34、A/FM1/47）,H3N2（A/Aichi/2/1968）]和临床分离株[H1N1（A/Guangzhou/GIRD02/2009、A/Guangzhou/GIRD166/2009）,H3N2（A/Guangzhou/GIRD18/2009、A/Guangzhou/GIRD26/2009）],于狗肾细胞（MDCK）,采用空斑试验观察金刚烷胺和利巴韦林对甲1和甲3型流感病毒不同实验株和分离株的敏感性。对测试毒株的MP基因进行序列测定和分析,了解金刚烷胺的药物敏感性。结果金刚烷胺在MDCK细胞的半数毒性浓度（TC50）为335μg/ml,对部分甲型流感病毒标准实验株[A/FM1/47（H1N1）、A/Aichi/2/1968（H3N2）]及临床分离株[A/Guangzhou/GIRD02/2009（H1N1）]有抑制作用（半数有效浓度IC50分别为14.9、20.1、16.8μg/ml）。利巴韦林的TC50为2.05mg/ml,对测试的所有毒株均有抑制作用（IC50为6.8～37μg/ml）。金刚烷胺耐药毒株均为单位点突变（第31位的丝氨酸S置换为天冬酰胺N,S31N）。结论甲型流感病毒对金刚烷胺较易出现耐药,而利巴韦林体外对金刚烷胺敏感株和耐药株均有显著的抑制作用,临床抗流感病毒治疗时可考虑应用。     

The relevance to clinical care of recent research in neurobiology

Progress continues to be made in clarifying neurobiological factors in alcoholism and other chemical dependencies. Research in animal behavioral genetics and human genetics has revealed substantial genetic predispositions for some cases of alcoholism. Studies of neurotransmitters suggest that some alcoholics may have antecedent deficiencies in one or more important neurochemical systems. Cocaine dependence is considered to be related to biphasic change in sopaminergic neurons and receptor systems. Condensation products such as salsolinol, tetrahydropapaveroline, and beta carbolines can alter alcoholic preference and motivate heavy ethanol consumption in animals. However, hypothesized theoretical mechanisms underlying such increased drinking with infusions of condensation products are unclear and may require revision. New pharmacological treatments stemming from advances in neurobiological research have been applied successfully to treatment of withdrawal states, but none have been demonstrated to be appropriate for long-term maintenance of abstinence.