MRI在子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 分析子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的MRI表现特点，评价MRI在两病鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析66例经手术病理证实的子宫平滑肌瘤和子宫腺肌症患者MRI资料，仔细观察两病在T1W、T2W、STIR及增强后T1W像上的表现。结果 MRI对两病诊断的敏感性为100％，诊断符合率为91．7％。两种病变的T1WI信号、边界、T2WI上病灶周围的改变、病侧子宫内膜以及临近结合带的改变方面具有较大差异；而在子宫形态、T2WI信号特点及增强特点上并没有明显差别；T2WI及STIR图像对病灶的显示最清晰。结论 子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病由于病理基础不同，MRI表现也各有不同；选择合适的MRI检查序列与方法对两病鉴别诊断具有重要的价值。     

Functional characterization of somatic point mutations of the human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) in adenomyosis uteri

Endometriosis and adenomyosis uteri are chronic, benign diseases caused by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations, e.g. peritoneal or deep inside the myometrial wall of the uterus and/or in the rectovaginal septum. Although adenomyosis might be considered as a special form of endometriosis, both conditions differ with respect to clinical symptoms and treatment. Induction of a hypo-estrogenic state alone or in combination with surgical removal of the extra-uterine lesion is mostly sufficient for treatment of peritoneal endometriosis. By contrast, adenomyosis uteri rarely responds to hormonal therapy and usually requires a hysterectomy for cure. Consequently, the role of steroid hormone receptors with respect to the aetiology of either condition is still a matter of discussion. Using PCR/single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we identified somatic estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene mutations in three out of 55 samples from adenomyosis uteri. Functional characterization revealed that two of the mutant ERalpha proteins display severely impaired DNA-binding and transactivation properties secondary to an altered response to estrogens or changes in epidermal growth factor-mediated ligand-independent activation. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, we suggest that mutation-related silencing of estrogen responsiveness might render endometriotic cells resistant to hypo-estrogenic conditions thereby accounting for failure of estrogen-ablative therapy in adenomyosis.     

Surgery: Adenomyosis at hysterectomy: a study on frequency distribution and patient characteristics

To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for adenomyosis,the clinical records of consecutive women undergoing hysterectomyduring a 3 year period were retrieved. Data were collected onindication for the intervention, general sociodemographic characteristicsof the patients, age at menarche, parity, abortions, and menopausalstatus at surgery. Adenomyosis was diagnosed in 332 of the 1334cases (24.9%). The condition was present in 146 of the 627 patients(23.3%) with fibroids and menorrhagia, 68 of the 265 (25.7%)with prolapse, 21 of the 98 (21.4%) with ovarian cysts, 19 ofthe 100 (19%) with cervical cancer, 31 of the 110 (28.2%) withendometrial cancer, 16 of the 57 (28.1%) with ovarian cancer,and 19 of the 77 (24.7%) with miscellaneous indications. Thesedifferences were not statistically significant (x²₆ = 11.14).In comparison with nulliparous women, the odds ratio was 1.3and 1.5 respectively in women with one and two births (x²₁ trend= 5.76, P < 0.05). No relationship was found between ageat surgery, age at menarche, indications for surgery, menopausalstatus at intervention, and presence of endometriosis. Our findingsdo not support the notion that adenomyosis is more frequentlyrelated to particular clinical conditions, and suggest thatparity may be associated with an increased frequency of adenomyosis.     

阴道超声对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值

目的探讨阴道超声及血清CA125测定对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值。方法对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病患者631例进行回顾性分析，术前均经阴道超声检查，部分患者进行了血清CA125测定。结果阴道超声检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿符合率98．7％；子宫腺肌病符合率91．7％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病符合率95．1％。血清CA125检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿，阳性率39．4％；子宫腺肌病阳性率52．2％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病阳性率59．2％。结论阴道超声可做为较准确诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的首选方法。阴道超声下囊肿穿刺是治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的简便、有效的方法之一。血清CA125测定可做为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的协助诊断方法，应进一步完善对照组的研究。     

TNFR1在子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病表达的研究

目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子受体1(TNFR1)在子宫内膜异位症(内异症)和子宫腺肌病(腺肌病)的表达及在其发病机制中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化SABC法检测33例内异位症患者(内异症组)和40例腺肌病患者(腺肌病组)在位及异位子宫内膜TNFR1的表达,并与20例非内异症(对照组)在位内膜进行比较。结果:内异症组和腺肌病组异位内膜TNFR1的表达水平显著低于其在位内膜和对照组(P<0.05);TNFR1在内异症Ⅰ-Ⅱ期和Ⅲ-Ⅳ期间无显著差异(P>0.05),与内异症r-AFS临床分期亦无直线相关关系(P>0.05);TNFR1在分泌期的表达为内异症、腺肌病异位内膜<其在位内膜<对照组内膜(P<0.05)。结论:异位内膜TNFR1的低表达可能在内异症和腺肌病的发生中起重要作用。TNFR1与内异症严重程度无关。     

子宫腺肌病的中医证候分布规律研究

目的:对子宫腺肌病中医证候分布规律进行探索。方法:对206例子宫腺肌病患者进行问卷式调查,建立子宫腺肌病患者一般情况和症状的数据库,运用聚类分析、主成分分析等对子宫腺肌病中医证候的分布规律进行研究。结果:经统计分析将本研究调查的206例子宫腺肌病患者分为临床常见的3类证型,其中以肾阳不足为主要表现者79例,占38.35%;以脾肾气虚为主要表现者78例,占37.86%;以肝郁气滞为主要表现者49例,占23.79%。     

子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病P450arom和COX-2mRNA的表达及意义

目的研究细胞色素芳香化酶P450（P450arom）基因和环氧化酶-2（cox-2）基因在子宫内膜异位症（EMs）和子宫腺肌病（AM）在位和异位内膜中的表达及相关性。方法应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）技术,检测22例正常子宫内膜、42例EMs及33例AM的在位和异位内膜中P450arom mRNA和COX-2mRNA的表达,并进行相关性分析。结果P450arom mRNA在正常子宫内膜无表达,在EMs和AM的在位和异位内膜中均有表达,与正常子宫内膜比较差异均有显著性（F=28．777,q=4．624～10．282,P〈0．01）。P450arom mRNA在EMs和AM异位内膜中的表达均高于在位内膜,差异有显著性（q=2．964、2．655,P〈0．01、0．05）。COX-2mRNA在正常子宫内膜无表达或弱表达,在EMs和AM的在位和异位内膜中均有表达,与正常子宫内膜比较差异均有显著性（F=21．307,q=2．583～7．905,P〈0．01）;在正常子宫内膜、EMs在位和异位子宫内膜中分泌期表达高于增殖期,差异均有显著性（t=4．401～15．865,P〈0．05）;在AM表达不随月经周期变化。COX-2mRNA在EMs和AM异位内膜中的表达均高于在位内膜,差异均有显著性（q=2．623、5．908,P〈0．05）。P450arom mRNA和COX-2mRNA在EMs的表达与rAFS分期均无相关性。P450arom mRNA与COX-2mRNA在EMs中的表达水平呈正相关（r=0．964,P〈0．01）;在AM中的表达水平亦呈正相关（r=0．813,P〈0．01）。结论P450arom和COX-2与EMs和AM的发病相关,二者协同作用促进EMs和AM的发生发展。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫腺肌病的临床观察

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(uterine artery embolization,UAE)治疗子宫腺肌病的临床疗效。方法选择2003年4月至2006年4月北京仁和医院48例子宫腺肌病患者,以改良的Seldinger s技术完成双子宫动脉超选择插管并栓塞,观察术后1个月、3个月和6个月的疗效。结果 48例患者中,UAE治疗后临床症状全部缓解;患者治疗前活动能力丧失程度、疼痛分级与治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);48例患者术后月经量为术前的(51.2±18.3)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);所有患者贫血改善,术后3个月均恢复正常;术后6个月子宫体积平均缩小46.6%(P0.01),病灶体积平均缩小65.2%(P0.01);卵巢内分泌激素无明显变化(P0.05)。结论 UAE治疗子宫腺肌病近期疗效显著,且微创、安全、副反应少。