心肌缺血大鼠血浆8-异前列腺素F2α水平及N-乙酰半胱氨酸干预作用

目的分析实验性心肌缺血大鼠血浆与心肌8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)水平相关性,以及抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的治疗效果,探讨血浆8-iso-PGF2α反映心肌氧自由基损伤程度和干预效果的可能性。方法45只Wistar大鼠分为三组:缺血组、缺血 NAC组和对照组。使用垂体后叶素建立大鼠急性心肌缺血模型,以心电图上ST段的抬高作为心肌缺血指标。在缺血 NAC组,预先用NAC 0.1 g/kg·d灌胃3周。应用ELISA方法测定心肌缺血及正常大鼠血浆及心肌组织8-iso-PGF2α含量。结果(1)急性心肌缺血组大鼠的血浆和心肌组织8-iso-PGF2α含量分别为(187.1±45.8)pg/ml和(259.3±47.5)pg/g,明显高于正常对照组的(60.4±13.7)pg/ml和(88.6±16.9)pg/g(P<0.01);(2)急性心肌缺血前应用NAC组的血浆和心肌组织8-iso-PGF2α含量分别为(88.2±16.4)pg/ml和(109.4±24.7)pg/g,明显低于缺血组(P<0.01);(3)血浆与心肌8-iso-PGF2α水平间存在正相关(r=0.856,P<0.01);(4)与正常组比较,缺血组的心电图ST段明显抬高[心肌缺血45 min时抬高最为明显,达(0.34±0.05)mV](P<0.05),心肌缺血前使用NAC,可使心肌缺血得以改善[心肌缺血45 min时心电图ST段仅达(0.18±0.05)mV]。结论急性心肌缺血时8-iso-PGF2α含量产生增加;血浆8-iso-PGF2α可反映心     

N-acetylcysteine prophylaxis significantly reduces the risk of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: comprehensive meta-analysis.

The objectives of this study was to assess the overall effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) using all available data in the literature. RCIN is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Existing randomized trials of NAC are small and show inconsistent results. Prior meta-analyses do not include data from the most current studies. We used standard search protocols to identify all published articles and abstracts of prospective trials using NAC with fluid hydration compared to hydration alone in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing contrast procedures. A rise in serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dl or 25% above baseline at 48-72 hr after contrast exposure was used as the primary outcome. We identified 14 trials of NAC with 1,584 patients published as full-text articles. Using a random-effects model, the use of oral NAC resulted in a significant reduction in the risk for developing RCIN (RR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.37-0.84; P = 0.01). This finding did not significantly change in a fixed-effect model (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.42-0.73) or when the data were reanalyzed using only randomized trials in all forms (i.e., articles and abstracts; RR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47-0.95). We identified only one important difference between the positive and the negative studies: the cumulative exposure to contrast media (174 vs. 152 ml). Metaregression did not show a significant relationship between contrast volume and the RR of developing RCIN (P > 0.10). In the trials showing benefit for NAC, the treated patients' postprocedure creatinine unexpectedly decreased by 0.21 mg/dl (95% CI = 0.33-0.08). Prophylaxis with NAC significantly reduces the risk for RCIN. The reasons for improvement in serum creatinine in patients treated with NAC are unclear, but may include improved renal blood flow due to NAC and/or vigorous hydration.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸的研究进展

N—乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)为谷胱甘肽的前体，是一种含有巯基的抗氧化剂。本文对其作用机理从多方面进行了论述，对NAC在呼吸、心血管、神经系统和抗AIDS的作用方面的最新实验研究和应用情况作了重点的介绍，说明NAC为一具有研究价值的用途广泛的药物。     

N‐acetylcysteine regimens for paracetamol overdose: Time for a change?

Paracetamol overdose is one of the commonest pharmaceutical poisonings in the world. For nearly four decades, intravenous acetylcysteine regimens have been used to treat most patients successfully and prevent or mitigate hepatotoxicity. However, the rate of occurrence of adverse reactions to acetylcysteine is quite high, and there is a potential for these to be reduced. Recent studies show that distributing the loading‐dose of acetylcysteine over the first few hours of treatment may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, varying the duration of acetylcysteine administration may potentially benefit certain cohorts of poisoned patients, depending on their risk of developing hepatotoxicity.     

乙酰半胱氨酸注射液致血管性水肿1例分析

目的探讨乙酰半胱氨酸注射液致血管性水肿的原因及治疗方法。方法分析吉林大学第一医院血管外科2018年9月收治的1例动脉硬化闭塞症患者因注射乙酰半胱氨酸注射液致血管性水肿的可能性及治疗方法。结果 1例65岁女性患者因左下肢发凉、麻木、疼痛1年入院。入院第1天给予乙酰半胱氨酸注射液8 g+5%葡萄糖溶液250 mL静脉滴注,注射该药后约1小时20分钟,患者出现面部水肿、全身皮疹等血管性水肿症状,立即停药并给予抗过敏治疗,对症治疗后1 h患者上述症状消失,入院第14天病情好转出院。结论乙酰半胱氨酸注射液很可能引起该患者血管性水肿。注射该药物时应注意减小滴速,谨慎用于有药物过敏史、哮喘的患者,同时注射时应有专人陪护并注意观察。     

Protective role of L‐ascorbic acid,N‐acetylcysteine and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell loss in Zebrafish

Hair cells are highly sensitive to environmental insults and other therapeutic drugs. The adverse effects of drugs such as aminoglycosides can cause hair cell death and lead to hearing loss and imbalance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of L‐ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and apocynin on neomycin‐induced hair cell damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Results showed that the loss of hair cells within the neuromasts of the lateral lines after neomycin exposure was evidenced by a significantly lower number of neuromasts labeled with fluorescent dye FM1‐43FX observed under a microscope. Co‐administration with L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin protected neomycin‐induced hair cell loss within the neuromasts. Moreover, these three compounds reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuromasts exposed to neomycin, indicating that their antioxidant action is involved. In contrast, the neuromasts were labeled with specific fluorescent dye Texas‐red conjugated with neomycin to detect neomycin uptake. Interestingly, the uptake of neomycin into hair cells was not influenced by these three antioxidant compounds. These data imply that prevention of hair cell damage against neomycin by L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin might be associated with inhibition of excessive ROS production, but not related to modulating neomycin uptake. Our findings conclude that L‐ascorbic acid, NAC and apocynin could be used as therapeutic drugs to protect aminoglycoside‐induced listening impairment after further confirmatory studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

细菌溶解产物联合乙酰半胱氨酸对支气管扩张症患者气道功能、炎症反应的影响

目的探究细菌溶解产物联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸对反复加重的支气管扩张症患者的临床疗效。方法将2018年2月至2020年12月收住我院呼吸危重症医学科的100例反复加重的支气管扩张症患者作为研究对象,使用随机法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予抗感染、止咳化痰等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用细菌溶解产物及吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸。两组观察时间为6个月,以评价两种治疗模式对患者气道功能及气道内炎症反应的影响。结果治疗前两组基线PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂、肺功能指标、血清炎症因子指标,均无统计学差异。治疗后对照组PaO₂、SaO₂显著低于观察组(P<0.01),两组PaCO₂变化无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC、FEV₁占预计值%均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后观察组24h痰液体积、痰液细菌负荷≥10³cfu/mL的阳性率以及外周血中炎症因子包括IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。观察组莱斯特咳嗽问卷(Leicester Cough Questionnaire,LCQ)总评分改善>1.3单位的患者比例为84%,对照组仅为56%,两组差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论细菌溶解产物联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸,能够有效改善患者气道功能,抑制炎症反应,进而改善患者预后。     

N-acetylcysteine infusion in viral myocarditis:: A case report

N-acetylcysteine improves survival in established acute liver failure following paracetamol overdose by reducing the incidence of multiorgan failure. These benefits are thought to be related to decreased tissue hypoxia by the enhancement of both oxygen delivery and oxygen extraction. Similar findings have been recorded in critically ill patients from an alternative aetiology. The cardiovascular properties of N-acetylcysteine are to increase stroke volume index, and thus cardiac output, although there is no effect on cardiac output in normal subjects. N-acetylcysteine is known to improve myocardial contraction in a hamster model of chronic myocardial ischaemia, but such effects have not previously been described in humans. We report the beneficial circulatory effect of N-acetylcysteine in a patient with marked left ventricular dysfunction secondary to acute viral myocarditis.     

天王补心丹联合丙硫氧嘧啶治疗甲状腺功能亢进的疗效观察

目的探讨丙硫氧嘧啶联合天王补心丹治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者的治疗效果。方法选取2018年1月—2019年6月许昌市人民医院收治甲状腺功能亢进患者86例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组患者口服丙硫氧嘧啶片,初始剂量为100 mg/次,3次/d,然后依据患者甲状腺激素水平改变剂量。治疗组在对照组基础上口服天王补心丹,1丸/次,3次/d。两组患者治疗30 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者中医证候积分,三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)和促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)指标水平,及随访结果情况。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为79.07%,显著低于治疗组的95.35%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组中医证候积分均明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组降幅明显大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者FT3、FT4、TRAb的指标均明显下降(P0.05),而TSH指标则明显上升(P0.05),且治疗组明显好于对照组(P0.05)。随访期间治疗组患者的症状控制时间、肝脏损伤时间、TSH指标恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论丙硫氧嘧啶联合天王补心丹治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者疗效显著,并改善患者的甲状腺激素水平,同时安全性好。