The Binding of Different Lectins on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Chronic Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease were analyzed for binding of various lectins. The results demonstrated that in most of the patients with multiple myeloma a significantly increased percentage of cells positive for Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and a decreased number of Agaricus bisporus agglutinin (ABA) positive cells were present as compared to a normal control group. This could not be shown in malignant or inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract where only some patients exhibited an increased PNA and LTA binding, respectively. Patients with the systemic malignant disease differed from patients with solid localized tumors by a significantly altered number of ABA, LTA and SBA-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Double fluorescence studies using monoclonal antibodies and lectins revealed that most of the cells expressing receptors for ABA had also receptors for OKT3, whereas most of the cells with receptors for LTA, PNA SBA, and WGA were found to be positive for OKM.     

A double-stranded RNA as the genome of a potential virus infecting <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis>

Preparations of double-stranded (ds) RNAs extracted from naturally infected Vicia faba Linn. growing in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China displayed 3 dominant bands (FaR1, FaR2, and FaR3). FaR2 and FaR3 were found to be identical to the genomic dsRNAs of a recently reported Vicia cryptic virus (VCV). The positive strand of FaR1 contained two large open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2. The putative proteins encoded by these ORFs were found to have certain similarities to the putative capsid protein [ABO36237] and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [ABC96788], respectively, of Tomato yellow stunt virus. Thus, FaR1 may represent the genome of a new dsRNA virus, which we have named Vicia cryptic virus M. The GenBank Accession numbers of the sequences reported in this paper are EU605883, EU605884, and EU371896.     

尿致突变性影响因素用正交试验设计的实验研究

本文首次报道应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对尿液致突变性测定中,影响因素的研究.为准确反映尿中致突变物对蚕豆微核效应的作用(即致突变性),我们对尿液影响蚕豆微核效应的因素如 PH、反应时间和稀释度,采用正交试验设计进行了研究.结果表明:PH 取7,反应时间取3小时,稀释度取1/2控制条件时,能获得尿中致突变物对蚕豆的微核效应最佳结果.     

Cytogenetic effects of leachates from tannery solid waste on the somatic cells of Vicia faba

The contamination of surface- and groundwater by the leaching of solid wastes generated by industrial activities as a result of water runoff and rainfall is a matter of great concern. The leachates from tannery solid waste (TSW), a major environmental pollutant, were examined for their possible genotoxic effects on the somatic cells of Vicia faba. Leachates were prepared from solid wastes procured from leather-tanning industrial sites, and V. faba seedlings were exposed to three test concentrations, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, through soil and aqueous media for 5 days. The root tips examined for cytogenetic damage revealed that leachate of TSW significantly inhibited the mitotic index and induced significantly frequent chromosomal and mitotic aberrations (CA/MA) in a dose-dependent manner. The chemical analysis of TSW samples revealed that the chief constituents were chromium and nickel, which may cause genetic abnormalities. The frequency of aberrations was found to be higher in the root meristematic cells of Vicia faba exposed through the aqueous medium than those exposed through the soil medium. The results of the present study indicated that contamination of potable water bodies by leachates of TSW may cause genotoxicity. For the biomonitoring of complex mixtures of toxicants with the V. faba bioassay, the use of the aqueous medium seems to be a more promising method than the use of the soil medium.     

五种重金属的蚕豆根尖微核试验及污染评价

目的 探讨水环境中汞、镉、砷、六价铬及铅对蚕豆根尖细胞的诱变作用.方法 通过蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验以汞(0.000 5～1.0mg/L)、镉(0.005～1.0mg/L)、砷(0.05～2.0mg/L)、六价铬(0.05～2.0mg/L)及铅(0.05～3.0mg/L)为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率并计算污染指数.结果 汞(0.000 5～0.1 mg/L)、镉(0.005～0.05 mg/L)、砷(0.05～0.1 mg/L)、六价铬(0.05～0.1 mg/L)及铅(0.05～0.1 mg/L)染毒后微核率高于阴性对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).水中汞浓度≥0.5 mg/L、镉浓度≥0.1 mg/L、砷浓度≥0.5 mg/L、六价铬浓度≥2.0 mg/L时的微核率高于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),污染指数在1.5～2.4之间.结论 汞、镉、砷、六价铬对蚕豆根尖细胞具有一定的遗传毒性.     

空气中高浓度二氯乙烷对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性研究

目的探讨将蚕豆根尖微核检测系统(micronucleus,MCN)应用于空气污染物致突变性检测的可行性。方法以市售蚕豆为材料,在密闭容器中模拟室内空气的高浓度二氯乙烷污染,对蚕豆进行染毒。结果随着浓度的递增,平均微核率、染色体畸变率逐步上升,有丝分裂指数有下降趋势,表现出明显的剂量效应关系。结论在实验浓度下,1,2-二氯乙烷有对蚕豆根尖细胞产生遗传毒害效应。应用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测室内高浓度1,2-二氯乙烷污染物是可行的。     

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验分析城市饮用水的致突性

本文应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验分析了S市饮用水的致突性。水样采自S市12个区（县）居民点末梢自来水共13份，同时以双蒸水为对照水样。结果表明，两种蚕豆根尖细胞分别经末梢自来水处理6小时后，其诱发的微核率，除3份水样的微核率接近本底值外，其余水样均有一定程度的升高。6份水样属基本无致突物污染，5份水样属污染，仅2份水样达中度污染。不同水样诱发微核率差别的原因是水质，因同一水厂供水范围内的水样，其诱发的微核率属同一污染程度。同时测定总有机碳（TOC）含量的结果也表明，微核率的高低与TOC含量高低一致。本实验提示蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验可用于即位评价环境污染。     

射频辐射对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率影响的研究

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验对射频辐射污染引起的生物染色体突变效应进行了实验室观察和现场监测。实验室观察结果表明，微波辐射可致蚕豆根尖细胞微校率升高，辐射剂量在５～２０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２范围内，细胞微核率随辐射剂量的增加而升高，当辐射剂量在２０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２以上时，微核率与辐射剂量不再呈线性关系，但仍高于阴性照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以实验室结果为依据进行的现场监测结果显示，蚕豆根尖细胞微校率随现场场强的增强而升高，有很好的剂量效应关系（ｒ＝０．９７６９．Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示，射频辐射对蚕豆根尖细胞有明显的致突变作用，并且蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验可用于环境射频辐射污染的监测。     

Lectins for polyagglutinable red cells: Cytisus scoparim,Spartium junceum and Vicia villosa

Three seed sources of lectins which are of potential value in the classification of red cell polyagglutinability are described.