肾结核40例临床分析

目的 分析6年来肾结核的临床表现和诊断方法。方法回顾性分析近6年收治的40例肾结核患者的临床资料。结果表现为膀胱刺激征的典型肾结核占65％，不典型肾结核占35％，其临床症状以腰痛、血尿为主。所有患者尿常规均异常。B超、静脉尿路造影（IVU）、逆行肾盂造影（RP）、磁共振尿路水成像（MRU）确诊率分别为20％、55％、66．7％和77．8％。结论膀胱刺激征仍是肾结核的主要临床表现，不典型肾结核有所增加。IVU是首选诊断方法，MRU对晚期肾结核诊断具有重要价值。     

Inguino-scrotal hernia of a double district ureter: case report and literature review

Ureteral hernia is uncommon and usually misdiagnosed. From an anatomic point of view, we can distinguish between two uretero-inguinal hernias: intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal. Ureter inguinal hernias are nearly always indirect. This kind of hernia can include the ureter alone or, frequently, other abdominal sliding organs within the hernia sac (bladder, bowel tracts, etc.). Kidneys and urinary tracts present normal anatomic conformation, although renal ptosis may be found. As of July 2004, 139 cases of ureteral hernia had been described in the literature. Here we report a case of inguino-scrotal herniation of double district ureter and review the current literature to analyze the main clinical characteristics of this pathology and to establish pitfalls.     

Iotrolan in urography: efficacy and tolerance in comparison with iohexol and iopamidol

Iotrolan was compared with iohexol and iopamidol for efficacy and general tolerance in excretory urography in three controlled, randomized, inte-individual, double-blind studies. Two hundred and eighty-four patients received fixed doses of 100 ml, 120 ml or 150 ml iotrolan 280 or iohexol 300/iopamidol 300 by rapid or bolus injection. Contrast quality in films taken 3–40 min after injection was rated by experienced radiologists both on an overall basis and with regard to distinct anatomical regions (parenchyma, pelvicalyceal system, ureter, bladder). In all studies, contrast quality was assessed as better in the iotrolan group. In two studies (dosages 100 and 120 ml), significant differences in contrast quality were found in lavour of iotrolan (P < 0.05), and in the third study (dosage 150 ml) there was a trend towards better contrast quality in the iotrolan group (P = 0.06). General tolerance of iotrolan was good with only minor side effects (iotrolan 6.3%, iohexol/iopamidol 9.9%), but the difference was not significant. No severe adverse reactions were observed with iotrolan. In comparison with non-ionic monomers, iotrolan shows very good efficacy and general tolerance for excretory urography.     

MR水成像诊断胆道和尿路梗阻的临床评价

目的 评价ＭＲ水成像（ＭＲＨ）对胆道和尿路梗阻的临床诊断价值。材料与方法 收集临床拟诊为胆道和尿路梗阻行ＭＲＨ检查者１１９例,其中ＭＲ胰胆管成像（ＭＲＣＰ）９３例,ＭＲ尿路成像（ＭＲＵ）２６例。全部病例均经手术和病理证实。ＭＲＨ采用不屏气涡轮自旋回波（ＴＳＥ）序列,同时应用呼吸门控和脂肪抑制技术。原始图像以最大信号强度投影（ＭＩＰ）进行三维图像后处理。结果 全部病例ＭＲＨ检查均一次成功。ＭＲＣＰ图     

Intramural leiomyoma of the bladder

Mesodermal tumors of the urinary bladder are rare and the majority of them are malignant. We report a case of an intramural leiomyoma of the bladder presenting with symptoms of a mild lower urinary tract infection. The patient was managed with partial cystectomy and the outcome was excellent. Received: 31 May 1999; Revised: 21 September 1999; Accepted: 21 September 1999     

Magnetic resonance urography: initial experience of a low-dose Gd-DTPA-enhanced technique

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is a promising tool in the evaluation of the renal collecting system, but it can be limited by T2^* effects resulting from hyperconcentrated gadolinium chelates. The aim of this study was to evaluate a low-dose dimeglumine gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA) MRU technique consisting of a dynamic fast low-angle-shot (FLASH) 2D sequence and a static fast imaging in steady state precession (FISP) 3D sequence for depicting the kidneys and urinary tract. The Gd-DTPA dose (0.01 mmol/kg) was established experimentally in a healthy volunteer study. Ninety-one patients presenting with various renal disorders were examined with a low-dose Gd-DTPA MRU and a T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) MRU technique on a 1.5-T system. Image quality and diagnostic value were considered at least satisfactory in 98.9 % of the FLASH 2D studies, 83.5 % of the FISP 3D studies and 78.5 % of the TSE T2-weighted studies. Typical enhancement patterns were established for the renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma. The major limitations were motion artefacts and insufficient hydration of the patients. Low-dose Gd-DTPA MRU appears to be a useful technique in the evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract, especially in cases of renal tumours. Received: 26 February 1998; Revised: 25 January 1999; Accepted: 14 June 1999     

动态静脉肾盂造影对输尿管结石的诊断评价

目的　分析评价动态排泄性尿路造影对输尿管结石的诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析我院确诊的12 8例输尿管结石患者的动态静脉肾盂造影 (DIVP)显示征象 ,诊断情况 ,并与相关检查B超 ( 112例 )、CT( 5 9例 )进行诊断结果对照分析。结果　DIVP、B超、CT对直径≥ 5mm输尿管结石诊断准确率分别为 99% ( 72 / 73)、95 % ( 6 3/ 6 6 )、10 0 % ( 38/ 38) ,DIVP与B超、DIVP与CT在统计学上均差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,对直径 <5mm者 ,DIVP准确率为 95 % ( 5 2 / 5 5 ) ,明显高于B超 70 % ( 32 / 4 6 ) ,在统计学上差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,CT准确率为 95 % ( 2 0 / 2 1) ,与DIVP比较在统计学上差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) 。结论　DIVP是一种诊断准确率较高、无创伤性、简便易行的输尿管结石诊断方法 ,尤对直径 <5mm的结石明显优于B超 ,是诊断输尿管结石的可靠检查方法 ,值得推广并可替代传统静脉肾盂造影 (IVP)。     

放射性核素肾动态显像与静脉肾盂造影评价肾功能的比较

肾脏疾病患者进行放射性核素肾动态显像(RDI)及静脉肾盂造影(IVP)对判断分肾功能具有重要的临床意义.IVP是泌尿系统检查中的常用传统检查方法,但由于此检查在肾功能不全时可致患肾显影不清或不显影,从而低估患肾功能.而RDI具有简便、无创伤、灵敏度高、可重复、可定量评价肾功能的特点,是较IVP更为理想的评价肾功能的方法.IVP患肾不显影时,应进一步行99Tcm-二乙烯三胺五乙酸RDI.     

不同影像学方法诊断尿路病变的临床应用分析

目的:探讨KUB平片加静脉尿路造影(IVU)、CTU和MRU对尿路病变的临床诊断价值。方法:对34例经临床和病理证实的尿路病变患者的KUB加IVU、CTU和MRU检查的影像资料进行回顾性比较分析。将各种影像学方法所得图像诊断价值分为3级:0级,不能进行定位定性分析;1级,可定位分析不能定性分析;2级,能进行定位定性分析。比较各种影像检查的临床诊断价值。结果:各种尿路病变CTU的诊断价值明显高于KUB加IVU和MRU(P<0.05)。结论:对于尿路病变CTU较KUB加IVU、MRU具有更高的临床诊断价值。CTU可作为尿路病变的首选检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT尿路造影对上尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT尿路造影（MSCTU）在上尿路梗阻性疾病诊断中的价值。资料与方法 搜集经静脉肾盂造影（IVU）或其他影像学检查提示上尿路梗阻而原因不明的患者58例,均行MSCTU检查,在图像工作站对获得图像进行最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）及容积再现（vRT）等三维后处理,获得泌尿系立体图像。结果 58例中上尿路结石20例,先天性畸形14例,输尿管癌11例,输尿管炎性狭窄3例,输尿管息肉2例,副肾血管压迫肾盂输尿管交接处2例,邻近器官疾病导致上尿路梗阻2例,以上病例均经手术或输尿管镜检查证实。另有4例无法确诊,诊断准确率为93．10％。结论 MSCTU通过MPR、MIP、VRT技术多角度观察能够更加清晰地显示出导致上尿路梗阻的病变及其形态,在上尿路梗阻病变诊断方面有独特的优势。