NE系列两种常用冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管结石的疗效分析

目的分析并比较NE系列的两种冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管结石的疗效、碎石时的疼痛程度、碎石时间及副作用。方法回顾性分析应用NE-IV型液电冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管结石患者1290例及应用NE-VB型电磁冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管结石患者1196例的临床资料,并进行疗效、碎石时间、碎石时的疼痛程度及副作用的比较。结果应用电磁冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管上段结石患者的总有效率为85.4%,治疗时间23~60min,平均(35.3±5.7)min;输尿管下段结石患者的总有效率为94.6%,治疗时间3~60min,平均(30.5±6.1)min。碎石时患者的疼痛感觉轻。液电冲击波源碎石机治疗的输尿管上段结石患者的总有效率为75.7%,治疗时间25~110min,平均(38.0±9.8)min;输尿管下段结石为85.7%,治疗时间4~90min,平均(35.8±7.7)min。碎石时患者的疼痛感觉明显。此外,肾绞痛、血尿、恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘀斑等副作用明显高于电磁冲击波源碎石机治疗组。结论电磁冲击波源碎石机治疗输尿管结石疗效优于液电冲击波源碎石机,而且更安全、有效、痛苦小。     

枸椽酸氢钾钠治疗输尿管小结石的临床研究

目的:探讨枸椽酸氢钾钠治疗输尿管小结石的临床价值.方法:将63例伴肾绞痛的输尿管小结石(＜0.6 cm)患者分为用药组31例和对照组32例,均采用解痉、输液、利尿治疗,用药组加口服枸椽酸氢钾钠颗粒,并记录排石情况,排出结石的大小.结果:在观察期内用药组28例排出结石,有效率90.3%,对照组22例排出结石,有效率68.8%,两者存在统计学差异(P＜0.05),排出结石的时间用药组(3.3±2.1)d,对照组(4.1±2.3)d,存在统计学差异(P＜0.05),排出结石大小比B超测得均小,用药组有统计学差异(P＜0.05),对照组无统计学意义(P＞0.05),用药组未出现药物不良反应.结论:枸椽酸氢钾钠能有效缩小输尿管结石,加快结石的排出,是内科保守治疗输尿管小结石安全有效的辅助治疗药物.     

When should we give up on expectant management for patients with proximal ureteral stones?

Background:Proximal ureteral stones (PUS) have relatively low rates of spontaneous expulsion. However, some patients do well on expectant management. Our aim was to compare risk factors for surgical intervention in patients with PUS who underwent primary intervention to those subjected to expectant management.Materials and methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients presented to the emergency room with symptoms of renal colic and underwent computerized tomography between August 2016 and August 2017. A total of 97 consecutive patients were identified with up to 10mm PUS. We collected patient demographics, clinical, and imaging data, and performed binary regression analysis for risk of intervention.Results:The average age was 49years (range 17-97) and average stone size was 7.1mm (range 3-10). Forty-one patients underwent immediate intervention while the remaining 56 patients were treated conservatively. Of the 56 patients treated conservatively, 26 underwent delayed intervention while 30 reported spontaneous stone expulsion. On univariate analysis of all 97 patients, statistically significant risk factors for intervention were found based on stone size, age, serum lymphocyte, platelet counts, and stone density. Of these risk factors, stone size ≥ 7mm (p = 0.012, odds ratio = 5.4) and platelet count ≤ 230K/μL (p = 0.027, odds ratio = 4.9) remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Stone size and platelet count were found to be risk factors for surgical intervention in patients with up to 10mm PUS. These findings may assist in identifying patients who are more suitable for conservative approach.     

经腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管上段切开取石术

目的：介绍和总结经腹膜后途径行腹腔镜下输尿管上段切开取石的初步体会和经验。方法：对10例输尿管上段结石的患者采取经腹膜后途径腹腔镜下行输尿管上段切开取石术，6例给予缝合输尿管切口，2例仅留置D—J管。结果：早期2例因为患者体型的肥胖和经验的不足中转为开放手术，其余8、例均取得了成功，手术时间100min～220min，平均140min。术后均恢复顺利出院，无并发症。结论：采用经腹膜后途径的输尿管上段切开取石术是一种有效而微创的技术，适用于大部分需要手术的输尿管上段结石的病人。     

Appendicolithiasis versus urolithiasis

An unusual clinical presentation of appendicitis with violent colicky pain as seen classically in urolithiasis is here presented. The pathophysiology of colic and the differential diagnosis of appendicolithiasis is briefly discussed. Received: 6 April 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 3 June 1999     

妊娠合并输尿管结石致顽固性肾绞痛的处理

目的：探讨妊娠合并输尿管结石致顽固性肾绞痛安全有效的临床处理方法。方法：妊娠合并输尿管结石致肾绞痛经保守治疗无效患者23例,孕6-34周,平均25周。结石直径4-12mm。输尿管上段结石12例,中段5例,下段6例。上段结石中9例单纯留置双J管,3例将结石推回肾盂后留置双J管。中下段结石中9例采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术击碎结石,2例采用输尿管镜下套石蓝取石术,中下段病例均没有置双J管。结果：22例术后肾绞痛消失,1例单纯放置双J管者仍有间断轻微肾绞痛,服用解痉药物可以缓解。12例未碎石或套石病人在结石排出前每3个月更换双J管。23例孕妇均顺利度过围产期,并产健康婴儿。结论：妊娠合并输尿管结石致顽固性肾绞痛患者,采用逆行输尿管插管或输尿管镜碎石、取石术而不插双J管安全有效。     

影像学检查在URSL治疗输尿管结石前的诊断价值

目的探讨影像学检查在经尿道硬性输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术前的诊断价值。方法回顾54例经URSL治疗输尿管结石失败的病例（男38例,女16例）,对其全部影像学资料进行分析。结果54例均行腹部平片、B超或CT、静脉尿路造影检查,30例行逆行肾盂造影,4例行放射性核素显像检查。其中有46例在静脉尿路造影检查中患侧输尿管不显影或显示不清,8例在逆行肾盂造影中有患侧输尿管迂曲,3例在B超检查中有前列腺增生症,4例在放射性核素显像检查中有患侧肾功能下降。结论术前完善的影像学检查能发现一些导致经尿道硬性输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术失败的原因,选择或改用合适的手术方式,可提高治疗输尿管结石的成功率。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石(附108例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜气压道弹碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效.方法在输尿管镜窥视下采用气压弹道碎石机对108例输尿管结石进行治疗.结果 103例原位碎石成功,总成功率95.3%,其中输尿管上段结石成功率为83.3%,中段结石为96.3%,下段结石为98.4%.平均碎石时间(4.5±2.2)min,术后1～3个月结石排净率100%.结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石具有安全、有效、容易操作等特点,是治疗输尿管结石的首选方法.     

多层螺旋CT平扫多平面重建诊断输尿管结石

目的 :探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)平扫多平面重建诊断输尿管结石的价值。方法 :对 3 9例疑诊为输尿管结石的患者行腹、盆部MSCT平扫及输尿管多平面重建 (MPR)。结果 :3 9例MPR成像均清楚显示输尿管 (其中结石 3 5例 ,未见结石 4例 ) ,同时显示结石的大小、形态、位置和输尿管扩张的程度及范围。结论 :MSCT平扫MPR可获得良好的输尿管图像 ,对输尿管结石的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。