三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响

目的 研究三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响。方法 将40只小鼠随机分为4组：三硝基甲苯35、70、140mg／kg为实验组和对照组，灌胃染毒。30d后电镜观察小鼠睾丸的超微结构。结果 三硝基甲苯染毒性小鼠睾丸的超微结构出现病理学改变，70、140mg／kg染毒组比35mg／kg组变化明显。结论 三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系生理机能有损伤。     

四氯化碳、黄磷、三硝基甲苯引起肝纤维化及某些生化指标变化规律的研究

本研究分别给四组大鼠注射CCl_4、P_4、TNT及纯生油,进行亚慢性实验,在不同的时间处死动物,测定血清及肝组织NAG、CP、MAO、羟脯氨酸和肝组织病理观察。CCl_4染毒3周后就发生肝纤维化;P_4和TNT染毒12周后才发生肝纤维化。血清中NAG、CP及肝组织中NAG、羟辅氨酸含量在肝纤维化早期即有明显升高,其中血清NAG、CP与肝组织中羟脯氨酸含量有明显正相关关系。血清NAG、CP似可以用作了解肝纤维化情况的指标。     

三硝基甲苯作业工人晶体损害与其尿中2,6-二硝基-4-氨基甲苯含量的关系

目的 探讨三硝基甲苯（TNT）作业工人晶体损害与尿2，6－二硝基－4－氨基甲苯（DNAT）含量的关系。方法 作业工人散瞳后检查眼晶体，并且测定班后尿DNAT含量。结果 当作业工人晶体出现混浊时，尿中DNAT含量明显增加（2.38mg/L),其与接触TNT尚未出现晶体混浊组（1.44mg/L)比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 晶体混浊程度随尿DNAT含量的增高呈增加的趋势。ILO提出的DNAT30mg/L生物阈限值不适合我国职业人群。     

三硝基甲苯对机体红细胞免疫功能影响的探讨

检测了TNT接触者红细胞免疫功能及红细胞免疫调节因子的变化。结果发现,TNT接触者红细胞C_3b受体花环形成率显著下降,红细胞免疫复合物花环形成年显著升高,肝大者上述变化更为显著。血清中红细胞免疫调节因子无明显变化,而肝大组红细胞免疫抑制因子明显增高,红细胞免疫促进因子则明显降低。说明TNT按触者红细胞免疫功能低下,为TNT中毒的免疫机理研究提供了新的依据。     

三硝基甲苯亚慢性染毒大鼠某些生化指标的改变

【目的】　观察三硝基甲苯 (TNT)亚慢性染毒后 ,大鼠某些生化指标的改变。【方法】　大鼠亚慢性染毒后处死 ,留取肝脏和血清 ,测定有关的生化指标。【结果】　肝脏过氧化氢酶 (CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性明显高于对照组 ,而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)无明显改变。同时 ,血清中脂质过氧化 (LPO)水平显著高于对照组 ,铜蓝蛋白活性显著低于对照组。这种变化与已知的过氧化物小体增生剂安妥明引起的改变相类似。【结论】　推测TNT可能为过氧化物小体增生剂。     

人血中三硝基甲苯血红蛋白加合物的结构鉴定和定量分析

建立高效液相色谱定量测定三硝基甲苯（ＴＮＴ）血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）加合物的方法，并用于分析人的Ｈｂ加合物。结果表明，ＴＮＴ在体外可与人Ｈｂ反应形成加合物，并发现至少有两种类型：酸不稳定型和稳定型。前者占所有ＴＮＴ－Ｈｂ加合物的７１％。接触ＴＮＴ工人的Ｈｂ水解后，用液相色谱／质谱／质谱（ＬＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ）首次鉴定出了个４－氨基－２，６－二硝基甲苯（４Ａ），但未检测出在大鼠实验中所发现的２－氨基－４，６－二硝基甲苯（２Ａ）；接触组加合物浓度范围为０．０１４～０．７９２μｇ／ｇＨｂ。对照组未检出Ｈｂ加合物。     

三硝基甲苯与大鼠肝细胞大分子的共价结合及其阻断的研究

以＾１４Ｃ－ＴＮＴ与新分离的大鼠肝细胞体外连志孵育２ｈ，观察ＴＮＴ与肝细胞大分子的共价结合，并与其他肝损害指标比较。发现ＴＮＴ与肝细胞大分子共价结合随着剂量和孵育时间的增加而增加，并分别与细胞死经和ＧＳＨ含量呈正相关和负相关。     

三硝基甲苯眼部中毒的调查分析

调查了137名从事TNT作业工人,查出TNT性白内障64人,合并有外眼异常改变者19人,未见明显的全身中毒及与TNT有关的眼底病变.文中还通过对不同工龄、年龄、工种、性别和作业环境中TNT浓度,分析了TNT性白内障的发病率、发病机制,在预防方面提出了建议.同时对国家标准中三期白内障在诊断重度TNT中毒的问题提出了自己的看法.     

Photosynthetic parameters as indicators of trinitrotoluene (TNT) inhibitory effect: Change in chlorophyll a fluorescence induction upon exposure of Lactuca sativa to TNT

Trinitrotoluene, as a compound of conventional explosive, may cause inhibitory effect on terrestrial plants. When Lactuca sativa was exposed to different concentrations of trinitrotoluene (32–1000 mg/kg), photosynthetic process was investigated by using rapid chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic and pulse modulated fluorometry. The decrease of chlorophyll a variable fluorescence was seen to be caused by the deactivation of photosystem II reaction centers. We found for rapid variable fluorescence to be a useful indicator to evaluate the inhibitory effect of trinitrotoluene on photosystem II primary photochemistry and electron transport. The fluorescence parameters, related to the reduction state of photosystem II and to non-photochemical dissipation of light energy, showed a strong relation between the inhibitory effect of photosystem II activity and concentration of trinitrotoluene. The change of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters induced by trinitrotoluene was a reliable indication of the plant physiological state. We proposed for the reduction state of photosystem II and the non-photochemical energy dissipation to be a useful tool in bioassay toxicity testing of trinitrotoluene polluted soil.     

Diazo-positive metabolites in urine from workers exposed to aromatic nitro-amino compounds

Summary The amount of diazo-positive compounds in urine from workers at a chemical plant producing pharmaceuticals and explosives was determined in samples collected after work and after a holiday. Forty-five persons working with aromatic nitro-amino compounds (ANA) showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase in the exposed samples (1.21 ± 1.40 mmol/mol creatinine) compared to the unexposed samples (0.56 ± 0.31 mmol/mol creatinine). No increase in the level of diazo-positive metabolites was found in the 25 workers not exposed to ANA compounds. In a follow-up study, 32 trinitrotoluene (TNT) workers were divided into three exposure categories and seemed to show a dose-dependent increase in the level of urinary diazopositive metabolites. However, there was a considerable interindividual variation. The method seems suitable for the biological assessment of exposure to ANA compounds — at least on a group level. This may be valuable, especially in situations where significant dermal uptake is expected.