Vehicle of triamcinolone acetonide is associated with retinal toxicity and transient increase of lens density

Background Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) has been widely used as a therapeutic method for many ocular diseases, but a consensus on an appropriate safe therapeutic window of dosage for intravitreal injection, and whether vehicle of TA should be reduced or eliminated, has not yet been reached. The aim of this article is to investigate these issues.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Four or 25 mg TA, with vehicle either reduced or not, was injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbits in experimental groups. Rabbits in the control group received 0.2 ml intravitreal sterile saline solution. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured by a Tonopen tonometer. Values of lens density were measured by a Pentacam system. Soluble protein, total antioxidation capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lens were measured by specific kits. ERG and pathological examinations, including light and electron microscopy of the retina, were also performed.Results Elevation of IOP was noted in all experimental groups after intravitreal TA (P<0.01, paired t-test). Significant increase of lens density was noticed at 1 week after intravitreal TA in the 25 mg vehicle-containing group (P<0.0001, paired t-test). Significant loss of GSH-px activity was noticed at the end of the study (P<0.05, paired t-test), while SOD activity increased (P<0.05, paired t-test). Amplitudes of ERG waves declined significantly in vehicle-containing groups (P<0.01, paired t-test) at the end of the study. Pathological examination showed obvious retinal toxicity in vehicle-containing groups.Conclusions Vehicle of TA should be eliminated or reduced before intravitreal injection to avoid potential retinal toxicity and transient increase in lens density.Presented at Chinese Academy of Fundus Disease Meeting, April, 2005.This study was supported by the 985 Fund of Peking University, Beijing.The authors have no financial interest in any instruments or drugs mentioned in this study.     

冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶活性的测定

目的探讨冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1活性及其与冠心病之间的关系。方法选择冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者106例和非冠心病组62例,用乙酸苯酯法和比色法分别测定两组血脂、血清对氧磷酶1活性、超氧化物歧化酶及丙二醛含量,并进行对比分析。结果冠心病组血清中对氧磷酶1活性和超氧化物歧化酶水平分别为113±64μkat/L和43.8±8.2 kU/L,均较对照组降低(134±72μkat/L和63.4±5.7 kU/L)(P<0.05);而丙二醛含量较对照组升高(9.4±1.8μmol/L比4.1±0.5μmol/L,P<0.01)。对氧磷酶1活性与高密度脂蛋白和超氧化物歧化酶水平呈正相关,与丙二醛水平呈负相关。冠状动脉狭窄者对氧磷酶1活性较无狭窄者明显减低(P<0.001),2、3支血管病变者较1支血管病变者对氧磷酶1活性降低(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1活性降低,低对氧磷酶1活性与冠心病严重程度有关。     

口腔径路曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭治疗变应性鼻炎（附415例报告）

目的：探讨口腔径路曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭治疗变应性鼻炎的效果。方法：变应性鼻炎患者415例，男270例，女145例。用自制封闭针头于口腔径路行曲安奈德蝶腭神经节封闭术。结果：415例中，有效250例，好转63例，总有效率为99．5％。结论：经口腔径路用曲安奈德行蝶腭神经节封闭术是治疗变应性鼻炎的有效疗法。     

瘤内注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤

目的：观察和总结瘤内注射治疗颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法：采用醋酸曲安奈德注射液加平阳霉素局部注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤，如一次注射治疗未愈的，间隔4～6周重复给药，4次为一个疗程，醋酸曲安奈德总量不超过100mg，平阳霉素总量不超过40mg；观察肿瘤消退情况。结果：84例患儿，经1年随访，治愈率（90．4％），显效率（7．1％），无效率（2．4％）。结论：本方法疗效可靠、副作用小、外观较满意，适合婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤的治疗。     

Characterization of acetate uptake by the colonic epithelial cells of the rat

The characteristics of acetate uptake by colonic epithelial cells of the rat were studied. Clear saturation kinetics of acetate uptake were not observed in these experiments at either 0° C or 30° C. A decrease in the pH of the medium markedly increased the acetate uptake. The activation energy for acetete uptake derived from an Arrhenius plot was about 6.1 kcal/mole. Among the inhibitors tested, no effective inhibition of acetate uptake at 0° C was observer. Metabolic inhibitors severely inhibited transport at 30° C. Inhibition of acetate uptake by other short chain fatty acids, which was non-competitive, was observed. The finding that efflux from the cells was stimulated in the presence of compounds such as pyruvate and bicarbonate supported the notion of a close interrelationship between weak electrolyte transports in vivo. Although the H⁺ gradient across the cell membrane is suggested to be one of the factors determining the uptake rate, it seems difficult to explain all the results in this way.     

局部药物注射与口服药治疗三叉神经痛的疗效对比

目的：观察局部注射药物与口服药治疗三叉神经痛的疗效差异。方法：选择门诊三叉神经痛的患者,并随机分成两组,即口服药物组给予卡马西平100mg1-2次/天,若不能止痛每天增加100mg ,直到控制疼痛为止,将最小有剂量作为维持量,一般为600-800mg/d,共36例。局部药物注射组以4%氢羟强的松龙0.5ml加2%利多卡因1.5ml混合后准确地注射到罹患神经通过的骨孔处,共32例。结果：口服药物组6个月有效27例,有效率75%,局部药物注射组6个月有效30例,有效率94%。结论：局部药物注射组的疗效明显优于口服药物组。     

HPLC法测定尿素-醋酸曲安萘德软膏中醋酸曲安萘德的含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱法测定尿素醋酸曲安萘德软膏中醋酸曲安萘德的含量。方法 Kromasil C₁₈(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为甲醇水乙醚(62∶38∶2);流量1.0ml·min^-1;检测波长为240nm。采用炔诺酮作内标物质。结果 醋酸曲安萘德在0.16～0.79μg范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9998(n=5),平均回收率为100.7%(n=5),RSD为0.97%。结论 本法简便、准确,可以控制该制剂的质量。     

三维腹腔镜手术联合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗盆腔深部浸润型子宫内膜异位症疗效观察

目的 探讨三维(3D)腹腔镜手术联合促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗盆腔深部浸润型子宫内膜异位症(DIE)的疗效.方法 选取医院2015年7月至2018年7月收治的行3D腹腔镜手术患者110例,分为观察组和对照组,各55例.观察组予皮下注射醋酸亮丙瑞林微球治疗,对照组予孕三烯酮治疗,均持续治疗6个月.结果 ...     

高效液相色谱法测定曲安奈德乳膏的含量

目的建立曲安奈德乳膏的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定曲安奈德乳膏的含量,色谱柱为Nova-Park C18柱(4.0mm×300mm,4μm),流动相为甲醇-乙醚-水(68∶2∶30),流速为1mL.min-1,检测波长为240nm。结果曲安奈德浓度在6.8~108.8mg.L-1浓度内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9996)。回收率为101.45%,RSD为0.50%。结论本法简便,准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于曲安奈德乳膏的含量测定。     

曲安奈德联合鼠神经生长因子治疗眶下壁骨折后眶下神经损伤

目的:评价局部应用曲安奈德联合鼠神经生长因子治疗眶下壁骨折后眶下神经损伤的临床疗效。方法:前瞻性分析南昌大学附属眼科医院2020-04/2021-02接受眶下壁骨折整复术的眶下壁骨折患者43例43眼。患者随机分为两组,其中试验组20例20眼术中将浸润曲安奈德和鼠神经生长因子的明胶海绵放置于神经损伤处;对照组23例23眼术中无特殊处理。术后随访6mo,通过定量感觉测试(两点定位觉、痛觉、触觉)比较患侧和健侧下睑区的测试结果,结果以不对称指数(AI)表示。结果:基线结果显示,两组性别、年龄、受伤时间、术前两组间感觉测试无差异(均P>0.05)。两组患者术后1wk的两点定位觉、触觉、痛觉AI值均较术前升高(均P<0.05),感觉障碍症状加重;术后1mo不同程度改善,术后3mo痛觉有差异(P<0.05);术后6mo两点定位觉、触觉、痛觉均较治疗前明显改善(均P<0.01)。术后1mo,两组间两点定位觉、痛觉有差异(t=-2.082、-2.143,P=0.044、0.038);术后3mo,两组间痛觉有差异(t=-2.118,P=0.04);术后6mo,两组间定量感官测试无...