利用微信平台延续性护理对老年腰椎间盘突出症术后患者康复及生活质量的影响

目的探讨微信平台延续性护理对老年腰椎间盘突出症术后患者康复及生活质量的影响。方法选取2015年6月—2018年5月在郑州市骨科医院接受手术治疗的老年腰椎间盘突出症患者96例进行研究。对照组行常规延续性护理,观察组行微信平台延续性护理。对比两组康复效果、治疗依从性及生活质量。计数资料采用卡方检验分析,计量资料采用t检验分析。结果观察组有效率为95.83%,明显高于对照组的81.25%。观察组总依从率为91.67%,明显高于对照组的77.08%。干预前两组生活质量量表得分相当,治疗后两组生活质量均有明显改善,但观察组改善程度更为明显。结论微信平台延续性护理相比传统延续性护理可明显提高老年腰椎间盘突出症患者康复效果、提高治疗依从性和改善生活质量。     

The Efficacy and Safety of Regional Nerve Blocks in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Direct Meta-Analysis

BackgroundRegional nerve blocks may be used as a component of a multimodal analgesic protocol to manage postoperative pain after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regional nerve blocks after THA in support of the combined clinical practice guidelines of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Hip Society, Knee Society, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published prior to March 24, 2020 on fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks in primary THA. All included studies underwent qualitative and quantitative homogeneity testing followed by a systematic review and direct comparison meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the regional nerve blocks.ResultsAn initial critical appraisal of 3,382 publications yielded 11 publications representing the best available evidence for an analysis. Fascia iliaca, lumbar plexus, and quadratus lumborum blocks demonstrate the ability to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Among the available comparisons, no difference was noted between a regional nerve block or local periarticular anesthetic infiltration regarding postoperative pain and opioid consumption.ConclusionLocal periarticular anesthetic infiltration should be considered prior to a regional nerve block due to concerns over the safety and cost of regional nerve blocks. If a regional nerve block is used in primary THA, a fascia iliaca block is preferred over other blocks due to the differences in technical demands and risks associated with the alternative regional nerve blocks.     

Primary epidural lumbar Ewing sarcoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome in an adult patient who underwent surgical decompression: A case report

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare primary neoplasm in the lumbar adult spine and may mimic a benign tumor. In this case, after a patient's three-month history of lower back pain and rapidly progressing leg numbness and weakness, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the third lumbar vertebra. At a two-month follow-up, imaging showed a fracture, compression and lesion enlargement. Decompression and fixation confirmed ES, and the patient began combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two months postoperatively, residual ES was suspected on MRI. The patient underwent a second surgery, and histopathology confirmed necrosis. A six-month follow-up after the first surgery showed no tumor recurrence. This case supports the inclusion of ES in the differential diagnosis of pathologic spinal fracture. Early decompression and spinal fixation are critical for preserving neurologic and spinal functions in ES complicated by a compression fracture. Combined adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the standard therapeutic strategy.     

腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率及影响因素

[目的]探讨腰椎管狭窄症术后下肢残留麻木的发生率和影响因素。[方法]2001年1月～2003年2月手术治疗56例腰椎管狭窄症患者，术后随访10d，1、3个月、1年和2年，记录患者神经功能和残留症状。[结果]术前82．1％的患者有下肢麻木，术后10d，1、3个月、1年和2年分别有43．6％、39．I％、36．6％、35．3％和35．7％的患者下肢残留麻木，与病程、术前JOA评分和椎管狭窄类型有关，与年龄和神经根直径无关。[结论]腰椎管狭窄症患者术后1个月内下肢麻木恢复最快，术后1年和2年下肢麻木发生率为35．3％和35．7％，推测神经组织的潜在恢复能力影响下肢麻木的发生率。     

腰椎全板减压术后顽固下腰痛的原因分析

[目的]分析腰椎全板切除术后残留下腰痛的原因,指导选择合理的手术方法。[方法]回顾分析1996～2000年作者采用全椎板切除减压治疗的腰椎管狭窄症患者临床资料,69例获得5年以上随访的患者作为本组研究对象,使用日本骨科学会(JOA)标准对患者的神经功能和下腰痛程度进行评分,根据手术前后下腰痛程度的变化将病例分为无残存下腰痛(lowbackpain,LBP)组和残存LBP组,针对术前的临床和影像学参数,使用软件包SPSS13.0进行对数回归分析,确定术后残存下腰痛的临床预测因素,并对这些影响因素进行两组间比较和统计分析。[结果]术前腰椎前突角、腰椎活动度和手术减压范围与术后残存下腰痛密切相关。残存LBP组患者术前腰椎生理前突和活动度分别为(22.27°±3.12°)和(22.91°±2.31°),显著低于无残存LBP组患者的腰椎前突和活动度(37.23°±2.19°)和(31.66°±1.52°),P值分别为0.000和0.002;而残存LBP组的减压节段(2.77±0.19节)明显高于无残存LBP组(1.70±0.10节),P值为0.000。[结论]对于术前腰椎前突减小,腰椎活动度下降的椎管狭窄症患者单纯施行多节段的腰椎全板减压容易导致术后顽固性下腰痛的出现,应引起作者重视。     

扩大的椎板间开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出伴侧隐窝狭窄（附140例报告）

本组采用的扩大的椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄140例。结果全部优良，与适应症严格选择和手术损伤小有关。强调切除卡压神经根的侧隐窝后壁外侧，即上关节突的冠状面．不失其脊椎三柱系统的三角结构。俯卧位头低足高，可减少硬膜囊张力避免负损伤。切除棘突下椎板时，用神经拉勾代替神经剥离器易于分离黄韧带，用90度的椎板咬骨钳斜向棘突方向，可满意地切除该部份椎板黄韧带，并可刮切椎板内层。神经根周围滴入醋酸炎舒松A2-3ml，术后疼痛锐减。减压窗口置盖明胶海绵有其争议，作者实践体会放置害处不大，要求病人有“护腰”意识。     

再手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床分析

目的 探讨腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因及处理对策。方法 对31例腰椎间盘突出症再手术的病例进行回顾分析。结果 再手术原因主要为术前诊断及定位错误，椎间盘切除不彻底，对神经根管狭窄认识不足，脊柱稳定结构破坏 多节段椎间盘突出症遗漏，椎管瘢痕粘连等。结论 腰椎间盘突出症手术前诊断及定位需准确，髓核切除要干净，并松解神经根，必要时扩大神经根管，注意维持脊柱神经稳定结构，多节段椎间盘突出术前应斟酌取舍。     

胸腰椎稳定性重建方法的改进

为了改进胸腰椎脱位的治疗方法，更好地重建脊柱稳定性，设计了一种新的脊柱固定器械，由滚花钉及连接板构成，并通过椎弓根进行的一种脊柱后路短节段固定方法，脊柱固定范围限制在两个椎体间。１９８９年～１９９５年，临床应用这种新器械矫正胸腰椎脱位１２例，经１～４年随访，畸形矫正满意，固定牢固。结果表明：该器械具有手术方法简单、固定牢固和手术创伤小等优点。认为，该项技术适用于胸腰椎稳定性的重建。     

197例腰椎间盘膨出和脱出的CT分型

根据１９７例腰椎间盘病变的ＣＴ影像以及手术所见，提出腰椎间盘膨出分为均匀型、不均匀型、局限型；腰椎间盘脱出分为中央型、旁侧型、孔外型、Ｓｃｈｍｏｒｌ结节型。除Ｓｃｈｍｏｒｌ结节型外，上述椎间盘脱出可继续分为隆起型、破裂型、游离型等三个亚型。还讨论了分型的必要性、病理基础与临床关系以及鉴别诊断。