全文获取类型
收费全文 | 97篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
基础医学 | 15篇 |
临床医学 | 2篇 |
内科学 | 33篇 |
神经病学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
药学 | 32篇 |
中国医学 | 8篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有111条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Marta Méndez-López Magdalena Méndez Fernando Sánchez-Patán Isabel Casado Maria-Angeles Aller Laudino López Maria-Teresa Corcuera Maria-Jose Alonso Maria-Paz Nava Jaime Arias Jorge-Luis Arias 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(2):187-194
To obtain a new model of chronic portal hypertension in the rat, two classical methods to produce portal hypertension, partial portal vein ligation and the oral administration of thioacetamide (TAA), have been combined. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1 (control; n?=?10), 2 [triple partial portal vein ligation (TPVL); n?=?9], 3 (TAA; n?=?11), and 4 (TPVL plus TAA; n?=?9). After 3 months, portal pressure, types of portosystemic collateral circulation, laboratory hepatic function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and liver histology were studied. The animals belonging to group 2 (TPVL) developed extrahepatic portosystemic collateral circulation, associated with mesenteric venous vasculopathy without hepatic destructurization or portal hypertension. Animals from group 3 (TAA) developed cirrhosis and portal hypertension but not extrahepatic portosystemic collateral circulation, or mesenteric venous vasculopathy. Finally, the animals from group 4 (TPVL?+?TAA) developed cirrhosis, portal hypertension, portosystemic collateral circulation, and mesenteric venous vasculopathy. The association of TPVL and TAA can be used to obtain a model of chronic portal hypertension in the rat that includes all the alterations that patients with hepatic cirrhosis usually have. This could, therefore, prove to be a useful tool to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these alterations. 相似文献
2.
Catherine J. Waterfield John A. Turton M. David C. Scales John A. Timbrell 《Archives of toxicology》1993,67(4):244-254
The effect of various hepatotoxicants on urinary taurine and urinary creatine has been studied in the rat. Several hepatotoxic agents, carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, galactosamine and allyl alcohol which all caused hepatic necrosis (sometimes accompanied by steatosis), resulted in a rise in urinary taurine and in some cases creatine, when administered to rats. Ethionine and hydrazine also raised urinary taurine but caused only steatosis and did not raise urinary creatine. Therefore urinary taurine and possibly creatine may be useful markers of liver injury and dysfunction. Liver taurine levels were also affected by some of the hepatotoxicants but in those cases where there was a rise in urinary taurine this could not be accounted for by the loss in liver taurine. It is suggested that the increase in urinary taurine is partly due to changes in protein synthesis and hence in sulphur amino acid metabolism caused by hepatotoxic agents. However, bromobenzene did not increase urinary taurine and-naphthylisothiocyanate and lithocholate caused reduced levels. It is suggested that this lack of increase in urinary taurine may be due to depletion of glutathione or interference with the biliary system. 相似文献
3.
目的:水飞蓟宾(sB)是植物奶蓟的主要成分,长期以来被用于治疗各种肝脏疾病。由于肝病往往伴随有CYP450酶的功能失调,因此本文以硫代乙酰胺(TAA)引起的大鼠肝损伤为模型,研究水飞蓟宾的肝保护作用和对CYP3A的调控作用之间的关系。方法:血清生化指标检测和肝脏病理切片实验评价水飞蓟宾的保肝作用。免疫组化实验测定0【一SMA的表达,ELISA试剂盒测定大鼠肝脏炎症因子的表达。实时定量PCR和westernblot实验考察CYP3A和PXR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平变化,咪达唑仑4一羟基化反应测定CYP3A的活性。siRNA转染实验沉默PXR后考察PXR在硫代乙酰胺细胞毒和CYP3A调节中的作用。结果:水飞蓟宾表现出明显的保肝、抗炎、抗纤维化作用,并能有效逆转硫代乙酰胺导致的大鼠肝脏CYP3A和PXR表达减少以及PXR的入核减少。PXR沉默实验显示PXR参与了水飞蓟宾的细胞保护和CYP3A调控过程。结论:PXR是参与CYP3A调控的重要因子,很可能是水飞蓟宾在硫代乙酰胺导致的大鼠肝损伤模型中的作用靶点,同时也提示在治疗肝脏疾病时要注意与水飞蓟宾合用的药物可能与水飞蓟宾之间存在潜在的药物相互作用。 相似文献
4.
目的:探讨丹参注射液对肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy,HE)的防治作用及其作用的初步机制。方法:通过急性氨中毒动物模型和四氯化碳(CCl4)致肝损伤合并硫代乙酰胺(TAA)诱导髙血氨的大鼠肝性脑病模型,对氨中毒死亡时相、血氨、脑氨水平、肝脏功能以及肝脏病理组织学改变等指标进行了评价。结果:在急性氨中毒实验中,丹参注射液能使急性氨中毒小鼠存活时间明显延长;在CCL4和TAA诱导的肝性脑病大鼠模型中,丹参注射液能明显降低肝性脑病大鼠血氨和脑氨水平,并可在一定程度上降低肝性脑病大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、总胆红素(Tbil)含量,改善肝功能,从而防治肝性脑病。结论:丹参注射液对肝性脑病有较好的防治作用,可能与降低血氨和脑氨水平有关。 相似文献
5.
Hepatic encephalopathy can be a life-threatening complication of fulminant hepatic failure. By understanding the pathophysiology involved in the induction of this neuropsychiatric disorder, future therapeutic and/or preventive attempts could be considered. In this study, an attempt has been made in order to shed more light on the mechanisms involved in the effects of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fulminant hepatic encephalopathy on: (a) the adult rat brain total antioxidant status (TAS) and (b) the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase. Moreover, in vitro experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the possible role of ammonia (incubated as NH(4)Cl, in a toxic concentration of 3mM) in the observed effects of TAA-induced fulminant hepatic encephalopathy on the examined adult rat brain enzyme activities. Fulminant hepatic encephalopathy caused a significant decrease in TAS (-22%, p < 0.001) and the activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (-26%, p < 0.001), but had non-significant effects on the whole brain AChE and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities. The in vitro experiments (conducted through a 3h incubation with ammonia), showed no significant alterations in any of the examined parameters. Our in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that alterations in AChE and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities are not involved in the pathophysiology of the adult-onset fulminant hepatic encephalopathy, while the observed Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibition could be a result of the oxidative stress, neurotransmission deregulation, and/or of the presence of other toxic substances (that appear to act as direct or indirect inhibitors of the enzyme) and not due to the excess accumulation of ammonia in the brain. 相似文献
6.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) pers. (Fabaceae) and stem bark of Tecomella undulata seem. (Bignoniaceae) are used for liver disorders in the traditional system of medicine.Aim of the study
To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea and stem bark of Tecomella undulata against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity.Materials and methods
Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino rats of either sex by subcutaneous injection of thioacetamide. Aqueous–ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg/day and ethanolic extract of stem bark of Tecomella undulata (200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day were evaluated.Results
Oral administration of Tephrosia purpurea at 500 mg/kg and Tecomella undulata at 1000 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransaminase (35% and 31%, respectively), alanine aminotransaminase (50% and 42%, respectively), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (56% and 49%, respectively), alkaline phosphatase (46% and 37%, respectively), total bilirubin (61% and 48%, respectively) and liver MDA levels (65% and 50%, respectively), and significant improvement in liver glutathione (73% and 68%, respectively) when compared with thioacetamide damaged rats. Histology of the liver sections of the animals treated with the extracts also showed dose-dependent reduction of necrosis.Conclusions
The present study demonstrates the hepatoprotective activity of the aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea and stem bark of Tecomella undulata against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. 相似文献7.
8.
9.
Previously we reported that a nonlethal dose of thioacetamide (TA, 300 mg/kg) causes 90% mortality in type 1 diabetic (DB) rats because of irreversible acute liver injury owing to inhibited hepatic tissue repair, primarily due to blockage of G(0) to S phase progression of cell division cycle. On the other hand, DB rats receiving 30 mg TA/kg exhibited equal initial liver injury and delayed tissue repair compared to nondiabetic (NDB) rats receiving 300 mg TA/kg, resulting in a delay in recovery from liver injury and survival. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that impaired cyclin-regulated progression of G(1) to S phase of the cell cycle may explain inhibited liver tissue repair, hepatic failure, and death, contrasted with delayed liver tissue repair but survival observed in the DB rats receiving 300 in contrast to 30 mg TA/kg. In the TA-treated NDB rats sustained MAPKs and cyclin expression resulted in higher phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (pRb), explaining prompt tissue repair and survival. In contrast, DB rats receiving the same dose of TA (300 mg/kg) exhibited suppressed MAPKs and cyclin expression that led to inhibition of pRb, inhibited tissue repair, and death. On the other hand, DB rats receiving 30 mg TA/kg exhibited delayed up regulation of MAPK signaling that delayed the expression of CD1 and pRb, explaining delayed stimulation of tissue repair observed in this group. In conclusion, the hepatotoxicant TA has a dose-dependent adverse effect on cyclin-regulated pRb signaling: the lower dose causes a recoverable delay, whereas the higher dose inhibits it with corresponding effect on the ultimate outcomes on hepatic tissue repair; this dose-dependent adverse effect is substantially shifted to the left of the dose response curve in diabetes. 相似文献
10.
Rodrigo E. Domínguez Valeria Pfaffen Gustavo A. Argüello Ana G. Iriarte 《Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy》2018
An optimized method for the synthesis of thioacetamide (TA) in relation to the consumption of materials and energy, which reduces the production of waste and minimizes costs, is hitherto presented. The most important highlight of this work is the use of an inexpensive and readily accessible reactant for the thionation process (i.e. phosphorus pentasulfide, P4S10), combined with both alumina as solid support and a non-conventional microwave (MW) irradiation technique. In addition to this, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the entire procedure of the synthesis for simultaneous tripled-maximization of Yield (ε), Mass Intensity (MI) and Mass Productivity (MP). Acetamide (AC)/P4S10 molar ratio, time and temperature of reaction were chosen as independent variables; while ε, MI and MP were chosen as responses. The determination of these green metrics parameters allow to evaluate the sustainability of the reaction and compare with other methodologies. A quadratic regression model was derived with satisfactory prediction. Tripled optimization with desirability function predicts a maximum ε of 100%, maximum MI of 29.00 kg/kg and a maximum MP of 3.45% under the following experimental conditions: AC/P4S10 molar ratio of 2.10, time of irradiation of 14 min and a temperature 140 °C. 相似文献