Update on sports imaging

Sports Imaging has dramatically increased in the past decade with increasing number of adolescents, young and middle-aged adults participating in non-competitive/hobby sports. Therefore, sports injuries are no longer confined to elite athletes. Furthermore, newer forms of sports such as mountain climbing, pickle ball and curling etc. are gaining popularity. Majority of the injuries in sports medicine are from musculoskeletal trauma. Therefore, it is imperative that the musculoskeletal radiologist becomes familiar with various sports related injury patterns as these are commonly encountered in daily practice. This update aims to briefly encapsulate the major aspects of sports imaging. It includes the imaging manifestations of various types of musculoskeletal injuries on different modalities (commonly US and MRI) and briefly mentions the various image guided interventions, performed both on the sports field and in the hospital setting.     

表面活性剂在硝酸士的宁注射液酸性染料比色法中的应用

表面活性剂在光度分析中已经有了广泛的应用,不论是在水溶液中测定的胶束增溶光度法还是在有机溶剂中测定的胶束萃取光度法中,表面活性剂的加入都具有明显的增溶、增敏和增稳作用,它能直接影响显色反应的速度、平衡位置以及配合物的构型,能改变溶剂的     

Effects of intracarotid or intraruminal injections of NaCl or NaHCO3 on sodium appetite in goats.

Goats, which have been depleted of sodium by loss of parotid saliva from a parotid fistula, have been trained to press panels with their muzzles in order to obatin small volumes of 4% (0.5 M) sodium bicarbonate to drink. Normal goats display no appetite for 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions. Goats which were depleted of sodium were highly motivated to work for bicarbonate solutions without displaying a marked fall in plasma sodium levels. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panels to obtain intracarotid injections of 3% (0.5 M) salt solutions. The continuous intracarotid injection of concentrated 23% (3.9 M) solutions of NaCl, which increased the level of Na⁺ ions in the cephalic circulation by 11 to 18 m-equiv./1., did not reduce the rate at which sodium depleted goats pressed the panel to obtain 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solutions to drink. It was not possible to train sodium depleted goats to press the panel switch in order to obtain intraruminal injections of 4% (0.5 M) bicarbonate solution.     

Organization of the thalamo-cortical connexions to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey

Summary In 25 rhesus monkeys horseradish peroxidase was injected in different parts of the frontal cortex. The retrogradely labelled thalamic neurons formed longitudinal bands, some of which crossed the internal medullary lamina, and extended from one thalamic nucleus into another. On the basis of these findings the frontal cortex was subdivided into seven transverse cortical strips which receive afferents from seven longitudinal bands of thalamic neurons. The most rostral transverse strip receives afferents from the most medial thalamic band which is oriented vertically and extends through the most medial part of the MD into the medial pulvinar. Progressively more caudally located transverse strips receive afferents from progressively more laterally located thalamic bands which in part are situated in the VL and show an increasing tilt towards the horizontal. Moreover, those parts of the various bands which are situated along the dorsal and lateral margin of the thalamus project to the medial portions of the transverse cortical strips, i.e. along the medial margin of the frontal lobe, while the other parts situated ventromedially in the thalamus project to the lateral portions of these strips, i.e. along the lateral margin of the frontal lobe.These data provide an alternative view of the organization of the thalamus and suggest that this structure contains a matrix of longitudinal cell columns which in some cases extend across specific nuclear borders and may represent the basic thalamic building blocks in respect to the thalamo-cortical connexions.     

TUBB8基因突变致早期胚胎发育停滞一例

青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院生殖医学中心对1例反复体外受精/卵细胞质内单精子注射（IVF/ICSI）助孕后早期胚胎发育停滞的患者进行了全外显子基因检测,发现了一种新的TUBB8基因突变型（c.208C>T/p.Pro70Ser）,并进一步探讨了TUBB8基因突变与早期胚胎发育停滞之间的联系,为反复种植失败的诊断与治疗提供更多可能性。     

肌肉注射氨甲喋呤治疗异位妊娠

[目的 ]探讨氨甲喋呤单次肌肉注射治疗异位妊娠的效果及适应症 .[方法 ]对 2 1例异位妊娠患者单次肌肉注射氨甲喋呤 ,剂量为 5 0mg/m2 ,每周检测绒毛膜促性腺激素水平 .[结果 ]17例 (80 % )成功 ,4例失败 ,成功与否与首次检测时的血绒毛膜促性腺激素值高低有关 .[结论 ]肌肉注射氨甲喋呤是简便而有效的治疗早期异位妊娠的方法之一 ,但应严格掌握适应症 .适用于异位妊娠包块直径小于 5cm、无内出血、血绒毛膜促性激素低于 16 0 0 μg/L者     

一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢噻肟钠的含量

目的探讨注射用头孢噻肟钠含量测定更加简便快速的方法;方法根据其化学结构的特点,采用一阶导数光谱法测定其含量;结果测定含量准确可靠且重现性好,平均回收率为99．87％(n=5),RSD为0．67％;结论可用于头孢噻肟钠原料药中问体和注射用无茵粉末等含量测定。     

The pharmacology of aggressive behavioural phenomena elicited by muscarine injected into the cerebral ventricles of conscious cats

Atropine and scopolamine, injected intraventricularly, abolished typical emotional behaviour with aggression and autonomic and motor phenomena, as well as with clonic-tonic convulsions of intraventricularly injected muscarine. On the other hand, adrenergic and dopaminergic blocking agents, antihistamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists, antiepileptic drugs, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, administered intraventricularly, failed to antagonize the gross behavioural effects of intraventricular muscarine. However, ganglionic and sometimes neuromuscular blocking agents, as well as catecholamines and histamine injected intraventricularly, antagonized the emotional behaviour with aggression and depressed the autonomic and motor phenomena of small doses of intraventricular muscarine. In addition, emotional behaviour with aggression and autonomic and motor phenomena evoked by high doses of intraventricular muscarine were resistant to these antagonists administered intraventricularly. From these experiments it is concluded that the sites activated by muscarine in the CNS producing aggressive behaviour have the following characteristics: in high doses muscarine acted on muscarinic cholinoceptive sites, while in small doses it activated the cholinoceptive sites having muscarinic and nicotinic characteristics. Finally, the ability of single intraventricular injections of muscarine to trigger and to maintain the long-lasting gross behavioural effects cannot be ascribed to a rapid detonator transmission, but rather to an action that differs from a conventional transmitter function.     

氧氟沙星加双黄连注射液静脉滴注致肝损害1例

氧氟沙星 (ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ)和双黄连 (Ｓｈｕａｎｇｈｕａｎｇｌｉ ａｎ)已成为临床常用的抗菌药 ,但其不良反应亦不可忽视。我们曾遇见 1例用该 2药治疗上呼吸道感染引起严重肝功能损害 ,报道如下。病人男性 ,2 1ａ。主要因咽痛、咯痰、发热 2ｄ入院。病人于入院前 2ｄ出现咽痛、咯黄痰、胸痛、发热 (Ｔ38.9℃ )。诊断为上呼吸道感染。在当地卫生所给予氧氟沙星注射液(四川科伦大药厂生产 ,规格 :1 0 0ｍＬ :0 .2ｇ批号 0 1 30 1 2 )0 .2ｇ(1 0 0ｍＬ) +双黄连注射液 (齐齐哈尔第二制药厂生产 ,规格 :每支 2 0ｍＬ批号 30 0 1 32 ) 2 0…     

36种注射剂中不溶性微粒的研究

目的：研究36种注射剂中的不溶性微粒现状及解决方法。方法：将36种注射剂按治疗剂量(其中24种溶配于0．9％氯化钠注射液或5％葡萄糖注射液中，12种输液直接测试)，用HIAC Royco8000A仪计数该液中直径≥1，2，3，5，8，10，20，25μm的微粒数；对微粒进行理化性质和显微鉴别；考察精密药液过滤器流速、流量、吸附性和截留作用。结果：11种新药静脉注射剂超过《美国药典》(25版)标准，占实验总数30．56％。不溶性微粒有玻璃碴、活性炭、橡胶屑、毛屑索条和药物残渣；精密药液过滤器的流速、流量符合临床要求，截留率为91．01％～99．97％，未见其有吸附作用。结论：精密药液过滤器可截留注射剂中的有害微粒。