Use of a new mixture for embolization of intracranial vascular malformations

Summary The internal carotid artery system in swine has a special anatomic configuration similar to a brain arterial-arterial malformation. The internal carotid artery breaks up into a multitude of fine channels (rete mirabile) situated at the base of the skull on the side of the hypophysis. This anatomic arterial model was used to analyze acute and chronic angiographic and histological changes after occlusion of the rete mirabile with I) avitene, II) avitene, and 50% ethanol, III) avitene, 30% ethanol and Polyvinyl alcohol, IV) avitene 50% ethanol and Polyvinyl alcohol, V) IBCA and VI) silk. Histopathological changes observed in the rete mirabile six weeks following occlusion demonstrated that a mixture of avitene, 30% ethanol and Polyvinyl alcohol and IBCA produced the best anatomic results. Embolization with avitene, PVA and ethanol induced a more bland histological reaction than the one observed with IBCA. Preliminary clinical experience with this mixture is reassuring in those cases in which the AVM was surgically resected. The partially thrombosed AVM was easily depressed and compressed by the neurosurgeon allowing for satisfactory hemostasis in and around the nidus of the AVM.This paper was presented in part at the International Symposium on Cerebral Stroke, Sendai, Japan, 1987     

超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞治疗经皮肾镜术后出血的临床研究

目的分析超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞术(SRACE)治疗经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)术后严重出血的时机选择、安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析贵州省人民医院2013年10月至2019年3月38例PCNL后严重出血患者的出血特点、数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及栓塞后肾功能检测情况。结果38例患者中,7例未观察到确切出血点,31例DSA表现为肾动脉性出血,其中动脉撕裂6例,单纯假性动脉瘤(PA)17例,动静脉瘘(AVF)4例,PA合并AVF 4例。根据肾脏血管解剖位置定位,肾动脉上极支出血4例,中极支出血9例,下极支出血18例。急性出血2例,其中1例经SRACE联合输血等治疗后未能有效控制出血而行患肾切除术,迟发性出血20例,缓慢持续性出血16例。31例患者中30例成功栓塞,成功率为96.8%。SRACE术前与术后的肾小球滤过率(P=0.173)、血清尿素氮(P=0.969)、血清肌酐(P=0.180)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性出血应尽快行DSA明确诊断后行栓塞治疗,迟发性及缓慢持续性出血经保守治疗无效,DSA/SRACE可作为首选的检查方法及治疗方法,SRACE是安全有效的治疗方式。     

Robotic Partial Nephrectomy with Superselective Versus Main Artery Clamping: A Retrospective Comparison

Background

Concerns have been raised regarding partial nephrectomy (PN) techniques that do not occlude the main renal artery.

Objective

Compare the perioperative outcomes of superselective versus main renal artery control during robotic PN.

Design, setting, and participants

A retrospective analysis of 121 consecutive patients undergoing robotic PN using superselective control (group 1, n = 58) or main artery clamping (group 2, n = 63).

Intervention

Group 1 underwent tumor-specific devascularization, maintaining ongoing arterial perfusion to the renal remnant at all times. Group 2 underwent main renal artery clamping, creating global renal ischemia.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Perioperative and functional data were evaluated. The Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used.

Results and limitations

All robotic procedures were successful, all surgical margins were negative, and no kidneys were lost. Compared with group 2 tumors, group 1 tumors were larger (3.4 vs 2.6 cm, p = 0.004), more commonly hilar (24% vs 6%, p = 0.009), and more complex (PADUA 10 vs 8, p = 0.009). Group 1 patients had longer median operative time (p < 0.001) and transfusion rates (24% vs 6%, p < 0.01) but similar estimated blood loss (200 vs 150 ml), perioperative complications (15% vs 13%), and hospital stay. Group 1 patients had less decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate at discharge (0% vs 11%, p = 0.01) and at last follow-up (11% vs 17%, p = 0.03). On computed tomography volumetrics, group 1 patients trended toward greater parenchymal preservation (95% vs 90%, p = 0.07) despite larger tumor size and volume (19 vs 8 ml, p = 0.002). Main limitations are the retrospective study design, small cohort, and short follow-up.

Conclusions

Robotic PN with superselective vascular control enables tumor excision without any global renal ischemia. Blood loss, complications, and positive margin rates were low and similar to main artery clamping. In this initial developmental phase, limitations included more perioperative transfusions and longer operative time. The advantage of superselective clamping for better renal function preservation requires validation by prospective randomized studies.

Patient summary

Preserving global blood flow to the kidney during robotic partial nephrectomy (PN) does not lead to a higher complication rate and may lead to better postoperative renal function compared with clamped PN techniques.     

动脉造影及栓塞在胆道出血的诊治价值

目的 探讨运用选择性动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术对胆道大出血的诊断和治疗价值。方法 运用Seldinger技术对10例胆道大出血患者进行急诊选择性肝动脉及其分支造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术．栓塞材料为明胶海绵粒或弹簧圈。结果 10例均为胆道术后出血的患者，其中1例为术后3个月发生，行选择性肝动脉及其分支造影均发现异常．表现为造影剂外溢征3例，血管染色征2例和假性动脉瘤形成5例。3例经超选择性动脉栓塞术后。患者出血均停止。痊愈出院。结论 胆道大出血的急诊选择性动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术是一种快速、安全、有效的诊治方法。     

超选择性插管在治疗肾癌中的临床体会

目的探讨肾癌数字减影血管造影(DSA)的表现及介入治疗在临床中的应用价值。方法在造影基础上用微导管行肿瘤主支和侧支的化疗药物的栓塞,并用明胶海绵加强肾动脉栓塞。结果21例患者全部成功,17例行根治术,半年、1年、2年生存率分别为100%、82.3%、70.5%,4例行姑息性治疗,也起到良好效果。结论超选择插管肾动脉化疗栓塞术能提高肾癌的手术切除率及治疗效果,部分暂时无法手术的患者通过治疗可获得手术机会;无法切除患肾者或不愿行手术治疗者,也是有效治疗手段之一。     

超选择性栓塞术在口腔颌面部蔓状型血管瘤紧急止血中的应用

目的 评价数字减影血管造影(DSA)下超选择性栓塞术在口腔颌面部蔓状型血管瘤紧急止血中的治疗效果。方法 对16例口腔颌面部蔓状型血管瘤急症出血患者行DSA检查，并在其监视下超选择性永久栓塞病灶和供血动脉。结果 DSA可以清晰显示蔓状型血管瘤的供血动脉、病变区域及引流静脉，超选择性栓塞后原异常造影剂团状着色影消失，供血动脉大部分闭锁，达到影像治愈；出血立即停止，血管异常搏动和杂音消失；栓塞后患者仅有低热、局部疼痛肿胀感，无中枢神经系统损害、肺栓塞等严重并发症发生。结论 DSA下超选择性栓塞术对口腔颌面部蔓状型血管瘤急症出血患者的紧急止血治疗更有效、更安全。     

超选择性插管在中晚期肝癌介入治疗中的应用体会

目的探讨超选择性插管在中晚期肝癌患者介入治疗中的作用。方法分析38例患者114例次的肝癌介入治疗资料,并观察所有患者手术前后甲胎蛋白的变化,并评价其近期疗效。结果介入治疗后患者甲胎蛋白明显降低,一至三个月时甲胎蛋白降低者分别为79%、82%和87%;患者近期有效率逐月增加,第一至三个月有效率分别为29%,95%和95%。所有患者无严重并发症发生。结论超选择性插管介入治疗可有效提高肝癌患者的近期疗效,降低甲胎蛋白水平。     

超选择支气管动脉超液态碘油化疗栓塞加明胶海绵治疗支气管肺癌

目的探讨超选择支气管动脉超液态碘油加明胶海绵化疗栓塞肺癌的疗效和安全性。方法超选择支气管动脉,避开肋间动脉和脊髓动脉,经导管灌入CDDP80mg、MMC10mg后,再将ADM30mg和10ml超液态碘油混合成悬乳剂（5～10m1）化疗栓塞,在透视下缓慢注入,碘油速度变慢后即停止注入,再用1mm×1mm明胶海绵颗粒（10～20颗）栓塞支气管动脉接近肿瘤靶血管后,停止注入。化疗栓塞21例肺癌,其中鳞癌儿例,腺癌9例,小细胞癌1例。结果化疗栓塞后碘油沉积良好,完全缓解（CR）1例,部分缓解（PR）17例,稳定（SD）3例,无进展（PD）病例,总有效率（CR＋PR）85．7％,其中3例并发咯血立即停止,2例肺不张复张。未出现脊髓损伤等严重并发症。结论超选择支气管动脉超液态碘油化疗栓塞加明胶海绵治疗肺癌近期疗效较好,安全可靠,具有临床应用价值。     

Juvenile posttraumatic high-flow priapism: Current management dilemmas

High-flow priapism results from disruption of the intercavernosal artery resulting in an arteriocavernosal fistula and is rarely encountered in the pediatric and adolescent population. Clinically it manifests as a painless, prolonged erection after perineal trauma. Treatment has ranged from expectant management to open surgical exploration with vessel ligation. Internal pudendal arteriogram and superselective embolization with autologous blood clot has emerged as a safe and effective treatment modality in the young male population. Here the authors present 3 patients with high-flow priapism and discuss management of this rare clinical entity.     

超选择性脑动脉灌注替尼泊甙并卡氮芥静滴治疗恶性脑瘤

目的观察超选择性脑动脉灌注替尼泊甙（ＶＭ２６）并卡氮芥（ＢＣＮＵ）静滴治疗恶性脑瘤的临床疗效。方法对４７例脑瘤于手术切除后，采用超选择性脑动脉灌注ＶＭ２６并ＢＣＮＵ静滴，于化疗后６个月分别用ＣＴ检查肿瘤体积变化及评价临床症状，并与化疗前比较。结果本组化疗前肿瘤平均体积为（１６．１５±６．８８）ｃｍ３，化疗后平均体积为（８．８９±１１．４２）ｃｍ３（Ｐ＜０．０１），总有效率为７２３％（３４／４７）（完全缓解率为２１．３％），稳定不变１０．６％（５／４７），恶化占１２．７％（６／４７）。本组病例１年存活率达８５．１％（４０／４７），２年存活率为７０．２％（３３／４７），全部患者均无眼部症状及严重的神经副反应。结论认为超选择性脑动脉联合化疗的方法，存活率较单纯颈内动脉灌注化疗及外周静脉化疗高，而且并发症少，全身反应轻。